scholarly journals Salt Scaling of Pervious Concrete: Optimizing a Test Method and The Effects of Different Deicers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chehong Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Failure Criterion ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Pervious Concrete ◽  
Sample Geometry ◽  
Standard Test Method ◽  
Salt Scaling

There is currently no standard test method for evaluating the resistance of pervious concrete to salt scaling. In this study, a number of test methods were evaluated to determine an effective test method. A number of parameters were varied, including sample geometry, cycle length, level of submersion, and the effects of various deicers. The optimum cycle length was found to be 24 hours with the submersion of the bottom 10 mm of the pervious concrete samples made with 14 mm aggregate. Cylinder samples with a diameter of 100 mm and height of 150 mm are recommended as they provide consistent results. Using these samples, a mass loss failure criterion of 3 to 5% is proposed. The deicers that caused the most damage are NaCl, CaCl2, and urea, followed by MgCl2, K acetate, Na acetate, and CMA. More testing is needed to validate the effects of different deicers. i

scholarly journals Salt Scaling of Pervious Concrete: Optimizing a Test Method and The Effects of Different Deicers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chehong Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Failure Criterion ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Pervious Concrete ◽  
Sample Geometry ◽  
Standard Test Method ◽  
Salt Scaling

There is currently no standard test method for evaluating the resistance of pervious concrete to salt scaling. In this study, a number of test methods were evaluated to determine an effective test method. A number of parameters were varied, including sample geometry, cycle length, level of submersion, and the effects of various deicers. The optimum cycle length was found to be 24 hours with the submersion of the bottom 10 mm of the pervious concrete samples made with 14 mm aggregate. Cylinder samples with a diameter of 100 mm and height of 150 mm are recommended as they provide consistent results. Using these samples, a mass loss failure criterion of 3 to 5% is proposed. The deicers that caused the most damage are NaCl, CaCl2, and urea, followed by MgCl2, K acetate, Na acetate, and CMA. More testing is needed to validate the effects of different deicers. i

Corrosivity Test Methods for Polymeric Materials. Part 5- A Comparison of Four Test Methods

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Kessel ◽  
Charles E. Rogers ◽  
James G. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Resistance Change ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Standard Test Method ◽  
Resis Tance

This is the fifth in a series of papers published by the Polyolefins Fire Performance Council, a unit of The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. In this paper, four test methods are compared for their ability to evaluate smoke corrosivity of polymeric materials: 1) the proposed ASTM E05.21.70 radiant combustion/exposure standard test method, 2) the CNET corrosivity test stan dard being reviewed by ISO (DIS 11907-2), 3) the DIN 57 472 acid gas test stan dard, and 4) the proposed ASTM D09.21.04 cone corrosimeter standard test method. The ASTM E05.21.70, CNET, and ASTM D09.21.04 test methods directly de termine the corrosive effects of combustion gases, as they measure the resis tance changes in copper circuit targets exposed to the gases. The ASTM tests report the resistance change in terms of metal loss and the CNET test reports the resistance change in terms of % corrosivity factor. The DIN test standard determines the conductivity and pH changes of aqueous solutions through which combustion gases are passed. Twenty-four polymeric materials were evaluated for smoke corrosivity by these four test methods, so that the test methods could be reliably compared based on results from many types of polymeric materials. The polymeric materials evaluated are commercially available and they cover a broad range of compositions used for wire and cable insulation and jacketing. The ASTM E05.21.70, CNET, DIN and ASTM D09.21.04 tests are evaluated based on several criteria. Each test is evaluated on the basis of precision, or whether the test is repeatable, and accuracy, or whether the test differentiates corrosive potentials consistent with the expectations based on the known chem istry of the material compositions. To also determine accuracy, the ASTM E05.21.70, CNET, and D09.21.04 test methods are compared to the DIN 57 472 test method, as this test and similar acid gas tests are accepted standards that have been historically used to measure corrosive potential. Recommendations are made for improving the proposed test methods.

A Preliminary Study on the Resistance of Paints against the Growth of Algae and Fungi

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.N. Nazar ◽  
T.K Weerasinghe ◽  
S. Perera
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Biocidal Activity ◽  
Standard Test Method ◽  
Test Organisms

Paints are widely used to colour and protect various surfaces. Paints contain many substances to improve their quality as well as to protect the surface from environmental hazards. One of the most concerned environmental hazards is the contamination of wall surfaces by algae and fungi. According to manufacturers of paints in Sri Lanka, this issue has been looked after by incorporating many biocides to the paints available in the market. However, the testing of existing paints for their biocidal activity using standards is very important and not yet done in Sri Lanka. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to find out the possibility of implementing a standard test method (ASTM) to detect the biocidal action of paints and to assess the biocidal effect of paints available in the Sri Lankan market. Standard Test Method for Fungi (D5590) and Algae (D5589) were tested with local paints using three fungi and three algae as test organisms. Both test methods and organisms being tested are effective in deciding the biocidal activity of paints. It is very clear from the results that the biocidal chemicals used in commercial paints are effective on most common fungi (mainly spores) and algae present in the air. However, on average, 7.8% fungal growth and 6.7% of Algal growth were observed under laboratory conditions. The Paints which had the lowest biocidal activity allowed 13.8% fungal growth and 20.6% of Algal growth and paints which had the best biocidal activity showed 100% of no growth. Aspergillus had an ability to grow fast by tolerating the biocidal activity of some paints which had different ranges of resistance on other organisms. However, Algae showed slower growth than Fungi on all paints. Growth of Algae or Fungi mainly depends on growing ability of microbes, biocidal activity of paints and favourable environmental conditions.

A comparison of standard test methods for determining the laboratory effectiveness of oil spill dispersants: their benefits and drawbacks

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
K. Osipov ◽  
T. V. Mokochunina ◽  
D. I. Panyukova ◽  
M. V. Trukhina ◽  
T. A. Maryutina
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Uv Spectrophotometry ◽  
Standard Test Method ◽  
Oil Spill Dispersants ◽  
Dispersant Effectiveness ◽  
Correct Understanding

A comparison of two standard test methods for determining the laboratory effectiveness of oil spill dispersants — ASTM F2059-17 «Standard Test Method for Laboratory Oil Spill Dispersant Effectiveness Using the Swirling Flask» and ASTM F3251-17 «Standard Test Method for Laboratory Oil Spill Dispersant Effectiveness Using the Baffled Flask» — is presented in this article. It is underlined that ASTM F2059-17 and ASTM F3251-17 are almost identical from the methodological and technical points of view. The main differences lie in specific design features of the applied test vessels and mixing energies created inside them. It is reasonably established that ASTM F2059-17 can be defined as a low-energy, but ASTM F3251-17 — as a high-energy laboratory test method. The specific examples of application of the test methods for determining the effectiveness of commercially available dispersants are given. It is also concluded that both test methods are necessary to apply for a correct understanding of the dispersant effectiveness. Herewith, the results obtained according to ASTM F2059-17 should be conditionally considered as the lower limit and those according to ASTM F3251-17 — the upper limit of effectiveness of the dispersant. Moreover, the use of gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) is emphasized to be sometimes impossible as a recommended in both ASTM F2059-17 and ASTM F3251-17 method for analyzing the oil extracts obtained during the test. The UV spectrophotometry is proposed instead of GC-FID as an alternative. However, its application is possible only after mandatory optimization of the measurement parameters for each specific oil.

scholarly journals Innovative Test Rig for Jet Fuels Thermal Stability Testing / Innowacyjne Stanowisko Badawcze Do Określania Stabilności Termicznej Paliw Lotniczych

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Jarosław Sarnecki
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Stability Testing ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Standard Test Method ◽  
Laboratory Test Method

Abstract The article deals with laboratory test method for jet fuels thermal stability testing. Author described the reasons that led to test rig preparation, its construction and operation principles. Innovative test rig for jet fuels thermal stability testing enables research in wide thermal conditions and different pressures. Testing capabilities and advantages compared with currently used standard test method of jet fuels thermal stability testing according to ASTM D3241 have been also presented

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