Drugresistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from surgical material taken from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

At present, with the improvement of epidemic indicators for tuberculosis, the number of patients with drug-resis- tant forms of tuberculosis is increasing, which compli- cates and increases the duration of treatment of suchpatients. The aim of the work is to study drug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) obtained from sur- gical material. Methods. 74 patients with radical and di- agnostic operations on the chest organs were included into the study. All patients were examined by standard me thods: microscopy, molecular genetic methods, cul- turing on so lid and liquid nutrient media of sputum, and, in case of bronchoscopy, BALF. The diagnosis of tuber- culosis was confirmed morphologically in all patients by histological examination of the surgical material. When analyzing the results of DR MBT, it was found that among the newly diagnosed patients, more than half (59.3%) had multiple (44.6%; p<0.001) and extensive drug resistance (14.7%; p=0.003), while in 74.5% (n=35/47) before the op- eration MBT were not detected in sputum. The frequency of development of drug resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs of the first and reserve lines, and the structure of drug resis tance depending on the group of dispensary registration are presented. Comparative analysis of MBT LS isolated from sputum before operations and from the operating material was conducted. The results of the study showed a high percentage of MBT drug resistance obtained in the operating material in patients with nega- tive MBT tests. More than half of patients who did not receive antibiotic therapy before surgery have MDR and XDR, which suggests a high regional primary drug resist- ance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Overview of the epidemic situation on tuberculosis in Russian prisons in 2019

Monitoring the epidemic situation of tuberculosis in pri- sons is of great importance in the Russian and internation- al system of monitoring tuberculosis. Objective of the study : to monitor the epidemic situation of tuberculosis in Russian prisons. Methods. We used information from official statistics. Extensive and intensive indicators were calculated, regression analysis was used. Results. The in- dicator “The proportion of people diagnosed with active tuberculosis diagnosed for the first time in their lives in penitentiary institutions in the total number of patients di- agnosed with active tuberculosis for the first time in their lives” is being successfully met. In 2019 it was 7.3% with a target of 7.8%. The notification rate of new cases of tuber- culosis is declining at a faster rate in correctional facilities (to 465.0 per 100,000) and at a lower rate in pre-trial de- tention centers (to 1251.0 per 100,000). The decline in the notification rate of new cases of tuberculosis in pre-trial de- tention centers may slow due to COVID-19. There is a fur- ther decrease in the prevalence of tuberculosis (to 2,677.3 per 100,000) and TB mortality (to 7.0 per 100,000). The inci- dence of TB/HIV among people living with HIV decreased to 2506.0 per 100,000, while ART coverage increased to 59.5%. A strong inverse correlation was found between the incidence of tuberculosis in people living with HIV and their coverage of ART (r=-0.99). The prevalence of MDR-TB has not changed over the past 3 years, amounting to 684.0 per 100,000 in 2019 with an increase in primary MDR to 32.8%. Conclusion: the TB epidemic situation continues to improve, mainly in correctional facilities, less in pre-trial detention centers. The improvement in the epidemic situa- tion of tuberculosis with HIV infection is associated with an increase in the coverage of people living with HIV with ART. Two multidirectional processes ensure the lack of MDR-TB dynamics: a decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis, on the one hand, and an increase in primary multidrug resis- tance of MBT, on the other.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antibiotic-resistant in Escherichia coli isolates from patients with diarrhea

Background and Objectives: Escherichia coli is a common enteric pathogen of human and livevestock. Antibiotic resis- tance is the main concern of public health. The aim of this study was to detect this bacterium in stool samples of diarrheal patients and identify the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of antibiotic-resistant isolates such as dfrA1, sul1, citm, tetA, qnr, aac(3)-IV in Shahrekord. Materials and Methods: Two hundred fifty diarrheal stool samples from patients were collected. Microbiological and biochemical examinations were done to detect E. coli. Phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance of the isolates were determined using dick diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Results: Among 114 E. coli isolates, the least resistance was for gentamicin (0%) and the most resistance was for trimetho- prim (79.8%). The resistance to sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, and tetracycline were 71.05%, 10.5%, 52.63%, and 3.5% respectively. The results of PCR assay revealed that 10 isolates contain sul1, 49 isolates harbor citm, 8 isolates tetA, 36 isolates dfrA1, 11 isolates qnr genes but there was no isolate with aac(3)-IV gene. In comparison between phenotypic and genotypic of the isolates revealed that citm, tetA, dfrA1, qnr, sul1, aac(3)-IV genes covered 42.98%, 7.01%, 31.57%, 9.64%, 8.7%, 0% of the antibiotic resistance, respectively. Conclusion: Our results revealed that all isolates harbor one or more antibiotic resistance genes and that the PCR is a fast practical and appropriate method to determine the presence of antibiotic resistance genes.

„Duchowe przetrwanie czasów najcięższych” według Romana Ingardena i Karola Wojtyły

The subject of this article is the works of Roman Ingarden and Karol Wojtyła in the years of the Second World War and post-war occupied Poland. Ingarden – as a professor of philosophy – worked during the war on his work entitled Controversy over the Existence of t h e Wo r l d. Wojtyła started then his studies that were disrupted by the war. He was a poet, actor and alumnus of secret Seminary of Cracow Archdiocese since 1942. Ingarden and Wojtyła formed close relationship in the mid-1960s. What is similar, even during the war, in their thoughts is phenomenological philosophy and belief in the power of spirit of resis-tance not only in armed struggle, but also in that what is spiritual: science, culture and art.This article is structurally divided into three fundamental parts. The first part refers to Ingarden, the second part to Wojtyła and the third part to proper remembering and not forgetting historical experiences of struggle for independence of Poland.

Educação Popular, educação libertária e os movimentos sociais como meios de insurgência e resistência em nossas terras

Falar de Educação Popular é tentar entender suas várias atuações e seus vários braços que historicamente atuam na reconstrução e no resgate de saberes que foram historicamente silenciados e marginalizados. É, sobretudo, a partir da América Latina que a Educação Popular toma forma, consolida-se e se firma. Fruto de experiências de luta, sobretudo no bojo dos movimentos sociais, ela carrega em sua base uma conjunção entre teoria e prática que é sua própria construção metodológica. É na perspectiva autopoietica e mambembe em que se ancora, portanto, para tentar explicitar os muitos caminhos e as bifurcações pelas quais até hoje a Educação Popular vem se consolidando como uma outra pedagogia. Na régua que mede quem pode mais e quem pode menos no cenário de uma sociedade desigual, a Educação Popular surge como uma alavanca de insurgência radical em conjunto com pedagogias outras (a libertária é uma delas), que tratam de quebrar paradigmas e enxergar saberes de povos tradicionais e populares como categorias científicas e legítimas de epistemologias, até então estigmatizadas e inferiorizadas. O insurgir-se e o resistir se ancoram nessas perspectivas como uma questão de sobrevivência. Palavras-chave: Educação Popular. Educação libertária. Movimentos sociais. Re-sistência. Insurgência. Popular Education, libertarian education and social movementsas means of insurgency and resistance in our lands AbstractTo speak of Popular Education is to try to understand its various activities and its various arms that historically act in the reconstruction and the rescue of knowledge that has been historically silenced and marginalized. It is, above all, from Latin America that Popular Education takes shape, is consolidated and is signed. As a result of experiences of struggle, especially in the bosom of social movements, it carries at its base a conjunction of theory and practice, which is its own methodological construction. It is in the autopoietic and mambembe perspective that we anchor ourselves, therefore, to try to make explicit the many paths and bifurcations by which the Popular Education has been consolidating itself as another pedagogy. In the rule that measures who can more, who can less in the scenario of an unequal society the Popular Education emerges as a lever of radical insurgency in conjunction with other pedagogies, the Liberation is one of them, that try to break paradigms and to see the knowledge of traditional and popular as scientific and legitimate categories of epistemologies, hitherto stigmatized and inferiorized. Insurgence and resistance are anchored in these perspectives as a matter of survival. Keywords: Popular Education. Libertarian education. Social movements. Resis-tance. Insurgency. Educación Popular, educación libertaria y los movimientossociales como medios de insurgencia y resistencia en nuestrastierras ResumenHablar de Educación Popular es intentar entender sus varias actuaciones y sus varios brazos que históricamente actúan en la reconstrucción y en el rescate de saber que fueron históricamente silenciados y marginados. Es, sobre todo, a partir de América Latina que la Educación Popular toma forma, se consolida y se firma. Fruto de experiencias de lucha, sobre todo en el seno de los movimientos sociales, lleva en su base una conjunción entre teoría y práctica que son su propia construcción metodológica. Es en la perspectiva autopoiética y mambembe que nos anclamos, por lo tanto, para intentar explicitar los muchos caminos y bifurcaciones por las que hasta hoy la Educación Popular se viene consolidando como una pedagogía otra. En la regla que mide quién puede más, quien puede menos en el escenario de una sociedad desigual, la Educación Popular surge como una palanca de insurgencia radical en conjunto con pedagogías otras, la Libertad es una de ellas, que tratan de romper paradigmas y ver saber de pueblos tradicionales y populares como categorías científicas y legítimas de epistemologías, hasta entonces estigmatizadas e inferiorizadas. El insurgir y el resistir se anclan en esas perspectivas como una cuestión de supervivencia. Palabras clave: Educación popular. Educación libertaria. movimientos sociales.Resistencia. Insurgencia.

Resistance-driven Innovation? Frontline Public Welfare Workers’ Coping with Top- down Implementation

Employee-based innovation researchers point to the important role of welfare workers in public service innovations. Bureaucratic and New Public Management inspired managerial agendas, still widely present in Nordic welfare organizations have been tied to an increase in feelings of inau- thenticity and use of coping strategies by welfare workers. At the same time, post-NPM principles of collaboration and service tailoring are more in line with professional values of welfare workers. Drawing on a critical realist informed case study comprising qualitative interviews and observations in the Norwegian public welfare and employment services, we describe types of revision and resis- tance practices used by frontline employees when faced with top-down implementation instructions, linking them to different types of innovations. The article adds to literatures on employee-based innovation by conceptualizing resistance practices as value-motivated resistance-driven innovation that may have a function of calibrating public value creation in welfare organizations submerged in bureaucratic and NPM-inspired managerial regimes

Difabel, LSM dan Politik Intermediary: (Politik Advokasi LSM Sapda dalam menggoalkan Perda JAMKES Difabel Kota Yogyakarta)

This study about the struggles of the NGO Sapda Yogyakarta in championing accessibility in policy making diffable clan. The behavior of the stigma against the disabled have long been reproduced by the Government and the community. Most people still consider diffable is a physical and mental ab- normalities that embarrass the family and should be covered. When disabled is the normal condition of a person with special needs because of physical limitations. Disabled is the symbol of the resis- tance and the representation of minority groups who often get discrimination.

Multidrug resistance in the neonatal unit and its therapeutic implications

Background Neonatal septicemia constitutes an important causeof morbidity and mortality among neonates in Indonesia. The ex-cessive use of antibiotics may cause antibiotic resistant bacteriaand may cause neonatal fungal infection.Objective To investigate the spectrum of organisms which causeneonatal sepsis and assess their sensitivity to various groups ofdrugs in the neonatal unit.Methods A prospective study conducted on newborn babies de-livered in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta from July 2004-May 2005 who presented clinical signs of septicemia were sub-jected for blood culture. Those sensitive to antibiotics for 7 daysyet showed no clinical improvement were also cultured for fungi.Results A total of 499 blood cultures were taken, 320 were posi-tive for bacteria (positivity rate was 65.3%). There were 192 samplescultured for fungi, and the positivity rate was 64% (all for Candidasp). Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was the most common bacteriafound (35.7%), followed by Enterobacter sp (7.0%), and Staphylo-coccus sp (6.8%). Most bacteria showed high degrees of resis-tance to commonly used antibiotics (ampicillin and gentamicin).There were also high degrees of resistance to cephalosporins byboth Gram negative and Gram positive organisms. Only 61.7% ofA. calcoaceticus, and 45.7% of Enterobacter sp were sensitive toceftazidime. Gram negative organisms were also highly resistantto amikacin, but Staphylococcus sp was only moderately resis-tant. Resistance to carbapenem (meropenem and imipenem) var-ied from moderate to low. Drugs which were not used for newbornbabies (quinolones/ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol) varied frommoderate to high resistance.Conclusion Neonatal sepsis remains one of the major causes ofmortality in our neonatal unit. Most organisms have developedmultidrug resistance, and management of patients infected withthese organisms and especially those with fungi infection are be-coming a problem in developing countries

Place of magnesium deficiency in cardiovascular continuum: pathophysiology, symptoms and treatment

The article presents modern concepts of “cardiovascular continuum”, where there are stages of heart disease risk factors up to death. The fundamental constant is a magnesium deficiency as a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. The authors show the way of absorption, distribution of the elimination of magnesium, the regulatory significance of genes, providing its bioavailability. Symptoms of magnesium deficiency on the part of the cardiovascular system are characterized. The authors specify the involvement of magnesium in the develop-ment of metabiological syndrome, the possibilities of correction of its content, respectively, and insulin resis-tance. An anti-arrhythmogenic effect of the drug magnesium – Magnerot - was proven.