scholarly journals An Examination Of A Brief Intervention Targeting Causal Attributions For Daytime Fatigue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
To Receive

Research has shown that poor sleepers focus primarily on their sleep as a cause of daytime fatigue rather than the multitude of other possible causes of fatigue. This can create sleep-related anxiety and further perpetuate the insomnia. In order to lessen the increased focus on sleep, the present study investigated whether people could learn to consider other attributions for fatigue via an information-based intervention, and whether this cognitive change would have implications for relevant mood states. Participants were randomized to receive either “causes of fatigue” information (FI), or generic sleep-information (control), and were tested pre- and post-intervention. FI participants were significantly more likely to consider non-sleep-related attributions for fatigue at post-intervention, relative to control participants. There were no significant group differences on relevant mood states. These results demonstrate that attributions or fatigue are amenable to change via an information-based intervention; thus, this research explores one avenue toward refining insomnia treatments.

scholarly journals An Examination Of A Brief Intervention Targeting Causal Attributions For Daytime Fatigue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
To Receive

Research has shown that poor sleepers focus primarily on their sleep as a cause of daytime fatigue rather than the multitude of other possible causes of fatigue. This can create sleep-related anxiety and further perpetuate the insomnia. In order to lessen the increased focus on sleep, the present study investigated whether people could learn to consider other attributions for fatigue via an information-based intervention, and whether this cognitive change would have implications for relevant mood states. Participants were randomized to receive either “causes of fatigue” information (FI), or generic sleep-information (control), and were tested pre- and post-intervention. FI participants were significantly more likely to consider non-sleep-related attributions for fatigue at post-intervention, relative to control participants. There were no significant group differences on relevant mood states. These results demonstrate that attributions or fatigue are amenable to change via an information-based intervention; thus, this research explores one avenue toward refining insomnia treatments.

Preoperative Anxiolysis and Postoperative Recovery in Women Undergoing Abdominal Hysterectomy

2001 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeev N. Kain ◽  
Ferne B. Sevarino ◽  
Christine Rinder ◽  
Sharon Pincus ◽  
Gerianne M. Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Mcgill Pain Questionnaire ◽  
Patient Controlled Analgesia ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
To Receive

Background Every year, millions of patients receive sedatives for reduction of anxiety before surgery, but there is little objective data on the effect of this treatment on postoperative outcomes. To address this issue, the effects of benzodiazepine administration were evaluated in women undergoing abdominal surgery. Methods Patients were randomized to receive 1 mg of oral lorazepam the night before surgery and 5 mg of intramuscular midazolam on the morning of surgery (n = 34), or to receive a placebo the night before surgery and on the morning of surgery (n = 36). Postoperative pain (Visual Analogue Scale for pain, McGill Pain Questionnaire) and analgesic consumption (patient-controlled analgesia), and clinical recovery parameters such as time to discharge from hospital were evaluated after surgery. Results Patient-controlled analgesia use showed a marginal main effect of treatment group (F(1,51) = 2.8; P = 0.047). Post boc analysis demonstrated that patient-controlled analgesia consumption was significantly lower in the treatment group only during the first 4 h of patient-controlled analgesia use after surgery (P = 0.027). There were no significant group differences at any later postoperative time points (P = not significant). There were no group differences in the cumulative Percocet (Pfizer, New York, NY) consumption in the postoperative period (P = not significant). Further, self-reported postoperative pain did not differ significantly between groups at any of the time points (P = not significant). There were also no group differences with regard to any postoperative clinical recovery parameters. Conclusions Benzodiazepines administered before surgery have minimal beneficial effects on the postoperative clinical course of women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy.

scholarly journals Workplace-Based Exercise Intervention Improves Work Ability in Office Workers: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Ting ◽  
Xiaoqi Chen ◽  
Venerina Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Work Ability ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Group

Neck pain is a burden to employers and employees amenable to improvement with neck/shoulder strengthening exercises. However, the benefits of such interventions on office workers’ work ability remains unknown. This study evaluated the effects of a 12-week combined ergonomics and neck/shoulder strengthening exercise intervention (EET, n = 177, mean age 41.7 years, 26% female), versus a 12-week combined ergonomics and health promotion intervention (EHP, n = 173, mean age 43 years, 29% female) on work ability among office workers. Work ability was measured by a single question. Differences in the work ability score were analyzed using the intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (i.e., adherence ≥70%) analyses for between- and within-group differences at baseline, 12 weeks, and 12 months. A sub-group analysis was performed for neck cases, defined as reporting neck pain as ≥3 (out of 10). No significant between-group differences for work ability were observed in the general population, and subgroup of neck cases. A significant group-by-time interaction effect at 12 weeks and the trend for significance at 12 months favored the EET group in the per-protocol analysis of the neck cases. EET was effective in increasing work ability post-intervention and potentially, in the long-term, in symptomatic participants with ≥70% adherence to the intervention. However, EET was not superior to EHP.

Olanzapine versus placebo for out-patients with anorexia nervosa

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 2177-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Attia ◽  
A. S. Kaplan ◽  
B. T. Walsh ◽  
M. Gershkovich ◽  
Z. Yilmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Medication Management ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
To Receive

BackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious psychiatric illness associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There is little empirical support for specific treatments and new approaches are sorely needed. This two-site study aimed to determine whether olanzapine is superior to placebo in increasing body mass index (BMI) and improving psychological symptoms in out-patients with AN.MethodA total of 23 individuals with AN were randomly assigned in double-blind fashion to receive olanzapine or placebo for 8 weeks together with medication management sessions that emphasized compliance. Weight, other physical assessments and measures of psychopathology were collected.ResultsEnd-of-treatment BMI, with initial BMI as a covariate, was significantly greater in the group receiving olanzapine [F(1, 20)=6.64, p=0.018]. Psychological symptoms improved in both groups, but there were no statistically significant group differences. Of the 23 participants, 17 (74%) completed the 8-week trial. Participants tolerated the medication well with sedation being the only frequent side effect and no adverse metabolic effects were noted.ConclusionsThis small study suggests that olanzapine is generally well tolerated by, and may provide more benefit than placebo for out-patients with AN. Further study is indicated to determine whether olanzapine may affect psychological symptoms in addition to BMI.

scholarly journals Promoting the Quality of Teacher-Toddler Interactions: A Randomized Controlled Trial of “Thrive by Three” In-Service Professional Development in 187 Norwegian Toddler Classrooms

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Solheim Buøen ◽  
Ratib Lekhal ◽  
Stian Lydersen ◽  
Turid Suzanne Berg-Nielsen ◽  
May Britt Drugli
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Service Professional

The effectiveness of the Thrive by Three intervention, a 10-month, multicomponent, in-service professional development model to promote the quality of caregiver-toddler interactions (i.e., process quality), was tested utilizing a clustered randomized controlled design. Eighty childcare centers with 187 toddler classrooms in Norway were randomly assigned to either the Thrive by Three intervention group (n=87) or a usual-activity wait list control group (n=100). Interactional quality was assessed with the Toddler version of the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS-Toddler) at three timepoints: pre-, mid-, and post-intervention. There were significant group differences in change in quality during the intervention period in both CLASS domains, Emotional and Behavioral Support (EBS), and Engaged Support for Learning (ESL), with greater overall differences in the ESL domain. Quality increased in the intervention groups, but quality decreased in the control group from baseline to post-intervention. There were significant group differences in quality at baseline. The Thrive by Three intervention had a positive effect on teacher-toddler interactions in both the EBS and ESL domains. Results need to be replicated preferably in more diverse samples.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT03879733.

scholarly journals Exploring the relationship between mindfulness and rock-climbing: a controlled study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Wheatley
Keyword(s):  
Rock Climbing ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Mixed Anova ◽  
Building Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractMindfulness is a meditative practice that has received increasing attention within positive psychology as an effective tool to increase wellbeing and decrease anxiety. Previous research has demonstrated that rock-climbers have a higher endorsement of mindfulness and life satisfaction than the general population; yet to date, no research has empirically explored the relationship between mindfulness and rock-climbing. In the current study fifty-nine participants ($$ \overline{\mathrm{x}} $$ x ¯ = 20.63, SD = 1.60) were asked to complete measures of mindfulness, wellbeing and anxiety before and after participating in an ‘intervention’. The intervention consisted of a mindfulness activity followed by either indoor bouldering (a form of rock-climbing) versus a physical activity control. A mixed ANOVA revealed that participation in bouldering increased the measure of mindfulness significantly more than the control activity; however, no significant group differences were found for the measures of wellbeing and anxiety. A regression analysis then revealed that group condition accounted for 33% of the variance in post-intervention mindfulness levels when controlling for baseline levels of mindfulness. This is the first study to experimentally demonstrate that engagement with rock-climbing increases mindfulness in young adults. Theoretically, the results have implications for our understanding of “flow” and optimal human experience. Practically, the study highlights the potential to implement rock-climbing as a resilience-building activity and integrate the sport within therapeutic frameworks.

Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-727
Author(s):  
Beula M. Magimairaj ◽  
Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽  
Alexander V. Sergeev ◽  
Natalie J. Benafield
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

Behavioral and emotional differences between children of divorce and children from intact families: Clinical significance and mediating processes *This study is part of a dissertation () supported from the German research community.

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Schick
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Children Of Divorce ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Intact Families ◽  
Divorce Adjustment ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
German Research ◽  
Clinically Significant

The following study is based on a sample of 241 9-13-year-old children (66 children from divorced parents, 175 children from non divorced parents). They were examined for differences regarding anxiety, self-esteem, different areas of competence, and degree of behavior problems. With a focus on the children’s experiences, the clinically significant differences were examined. Clinically significant differences, revealing more negative outcomes for the children of divorce, were only found for social anxiety and unstable performance. The frequency of clinical significant differences was independent of the length of time the parents had been separated. The perceived destructiveness of conflict between the parents one of four facets of interparental conflict in this study functioned as a central mediator of the statistically significant group differences. The children’s perception of the father’s social support was a less reliable indicator of variance. Further studies should try to make underlying theoretical assumptions about the effects of divorce more explicit, to distinguish clearly between mediating variables, and to investigate them with respect to specific divorce adjustment indicators.

scholarly journals Psychological well-being and illness perceptions in patients with hypopituitarism

Pituitary ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa N. A. Slagboom ◽  
Jan Berend Deijen ◽  
Christa C. Van Bunderen ◽  
Hans A. Knoop ◽  
Madeleine L. Drent
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Sleeping Problems

Abstract Objective The primary aim of the current study was to objectify a spectrum of persisting subjective psychological complaints in patients with hypopituitarism, at least six months after normalizing of the hormonal disturbances. Also, gender differences on these outcomes were investigated. The secondary aim was to identify illness perceptions and causal attributions within this patient group. Methods A total of 42 adult participants (60% females) with treated hypopituitarism once filled out a number of psychological questionnaires. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) assessed mood and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) assessed well-being. Illness perceptions were identified using the Illness Perceptions Questionnaire-Brief Dutch Language Version (IPQ-B DLV) and causal attributions by using the Causal Attribution List (CAL). Patient outcomes were compared to reference values of healthy norm groups. Results Participants scored significantly worse on the POMS depression, anger, fatigue and tension subscales, the SCL-90 psychoneuroticism, depression, inadequacy of thinking and acting and sleeping problems subscales and all subscales of the WSAS when compared to reference data. Women also scored worse on depression (HADS) and somatic symptoms (SCL-90). Compared to other illnesses, patients with hypopituitarism have more negative and realistic illness perceptions on consequences, timeline, identity and emotions. Participants attributed their complaints more to physical causes than psychological causes. Conclusion Despite normalization of hormonal disturbances, patients with hypopituitarism in general can still experience problems during daily living, such as negative mood states and a decreased psychological well-being.

scholarly journals Effects of aging on emotion recognition from dynamic multimodal expressions and vocalizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana S. Cortes ◽  
Christina Tornberg ◽  
Tanja Bänziger ◽  
Hillary Anger Elfenbein ◽  
Håkan Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Positivity Effect ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Effects Of Aging

AbstractAge-related differences in emotion recognition have predominantly been investigated using static pictures of facial expressions, and positive emotions beyond happiness have rarely been included. The current study instead used dynamic facial and vocal stimuli, and included a wider than usual range of positive emotions. In Task 1, younger and older adults were tested for their abilities to recognize 12 emotions from brief video recordings presented in visual, auditory, and multimodal blocks. Task 2 assessed recognition of 18 emotions conveyed by non-linguistic vocalizations (e.g., laughter, sobs, and sighs). Results from both tasks showed that younger adults had significantly higher overall recognition rates than older adults. In Task 1, significant group differences (younger > older) were only observed for the auditory block (across all emotions), and for expressions of anger, irritation, and relief (across all presentation blocks). In Task 2, significant group differences were observed for 6 out of 9 positive, and 8 out of 9 negative emotions. Overall, results indicate that recognition of both positive and negative emotions show age-related differences. This suggests that the age-related positivity effect in emotion recognition may become less evident when dynamic emotional stimuli are used and happiness is not the only positive emotion under study.

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