scholarly journals An overview of passive optical networks and components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchan Bala
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
Last Mile

Over the past few years, telecommunication networks have experienced a dramatic shift from traditional voice-dominated traffic to data-oriented, application-based traffic. The access network or the last-mile connecting households or businesses to the internet backbone, have been recognized as a major bottleneck in todays network hierarchy. The ongoing demand for new access networks that support high-speed (greater than 100 Mb/s), symmetric, and guaranteed bandwidths for future video services has been accelerated and the search for a cost-effective optical access solution has yielded a number of possible solutions. To satisfy the required bandwidth over a 20-km transmission distance, single-mode optical fiber is a natural choice. Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are promising access solutions that will open the last-mile bottleneck bringing data rates of 100 Mb/s to 1 Gb/s to the end-users. The goal of this work is to provide a cohesive overview of research done in the area of Fiber In The Loop (FITL) optical access technology. Specifically, it explores the area of Passive Optical Network (PON) : its history, variants, architecture, and standards. Various passive optical components which make a passive optical network work, are also discussed. Some laboratory emulations on RF over PON showing noise, distortion, and fading in the channels are then carried on using the Vector Signal Generator SMIQ03B (Rhode & Schwarz), and the Wireless Communication Analyzer WCA380 (SONY Tektronix).

scholarly journals An overview of passive optical networks and components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchan Bala
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
Last Mile

Over the past few years, telecommunication networks have experienced a dramatic shift from traditional voice-dominated traffic to data-oriented, application-based traffic. The access network or the last-mile connecting households or businesses to the internet backbone, have been recognized as a major bottleneck in todays network hierarchy. The ongoing demand for new access networks that support high-speed (greater than 100 Mb/s), symmetric, and guaranteed bandwidths for future video services has been accelerated and the search for a cost-effective optical access solution has yielded a number of possible solutions. To satisfy the required bandwidth over a 20-km transmission distance, single-mode optical fiber is a natural choice. Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are promising access solutions that will open the last-mile bottleneck bringing data rates of 100 Mb/s to 1 Gb/s to the end-users. The goal of this work is to provide a cohesive overview of research done in the area of Fiber In The Loop (FITL) optical access technology. Specifically, it explores the area of Passive Optical Network (PON) : its history, variants, architecture, and standards. Various passive optical components which make a passive optical network work, are also discussed. Some laboratory emulations on RF over PON showing noise, distortion, and fading in the channels are then carried on using the Vector Signal Generator SMIQ03B (Rhode & Schwarz), and the Wireless Communication Analyzer WCA380 (SONY Tektronix).

An ultra-dense spacing-based PON by incorporating dual drive Mach–Zehnder modulator for comb generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Navjot Singh ◽  
Bharat Naresh Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Differential Phase Shift ◽  
High Data

Abstract Wavelength division multiplexed passive optical is promising technique to achieve a high data rate and large number of user. The notable advantages of WDM PON is the combination of reliability, cheap in cost, accessible bandwidth, high security, large optical reach and it can support large number of ONU. There are multiple approaches to achieve high-speed WDN PON using different transmission techniques. In WDM, multiple lasers are required which increase the cost of the system. To reduce cost, an optical multicarrier generation system is proposed. An economical multiple carrier generation with the incorporation of sine generator and Mach–Zehndar modulator is demonstrated. Utmost work of sine generator and dual drive modulator was to attain low cost functioning of passive optical networks. Multicarrier generation was done and replacement of laser carriers with optical multicarrier generator. Carriers were generated with the frequency spacing of 20 GHz and these carriers were used in the passive optical networks with the tone-to-noise ratio of 40 dB, amplitude difference of 1.4 dB. For the transmission of downstream in the PON, differential phase shift keying was employed at 10 Gbps data speed. Transmission distance achieved was 30 km using single-mode fiber and this was a part of optical distribution network. Optical network unit was next part after ODN and signals were received with balanced receiver. Moreover, half signal was given to intensity modulator for the signal re-modulation. Bit error rate of 10–9 was achieved at all channels in the downstream. An upstream of 10 Gbps was accomplished in the passive optical network.

Electrical Spreading Code-Based OFDM Optical Access Networks for Budget Enhancement and Reduced System Bandwidth Requirement

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravindra Kumar ◽  
Anand Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Networks ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Spreading Code ◽  
Optical Access Networks ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
Code Division Multiple

AbstractPassive optical networks based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM-PON) give better performance in high-speed optical access networks. For further improvement in performance, a new architecture of OFDM-PON based on spreading code in electrical domain is proposed and analytically analyzed in this paper. This approach is referred as hybrid multi-carrier code division multiple access-passive optical network (MC-CDMA-PON). Analytical results show that at bit error rate (BER) of 10

High Speed Passive Optical Network Based Elastic Optical Communication System

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhlesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Kamal Kishore Upadhyay ◽  
N. K. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Communication System ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
High Data ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Communication Needs

AbstractFor addressing needs of modern day communication needs, new type of networks are required to be evolved to cater the demand of high data rates. Use of survivable elastic-optical-network (EON) with existing passive-optical-networks (PON) may provide the solution for this. The present work focus on employing EON–PON based wave-length-division multiplexing enabled communication system comprises of 2×5 Gbps for downlink and 2×1 Gbps for uplink over a single-mode-fibre of length 100 km. The results are the evaluated via bit-error-rate analyser, q factor and eye diagrams.

Converged Fi-Wi Passive Optical Networks and Their Designing Using the HPON Network Configurator

2019 ◽  
pp. 150-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rastislav Róka
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Interactive Software ◽  
Wireless Access Networks ◽  
Basic Characteristics

With the emerging mobile applications and needs of ever-increasing bandwidth, it is anticipated that the next-generation passive optical network (NG-PON) with much higher bandwidth is a natural path forward to satisfy these demands and to develop valuable converged fiber-wireless access networks for wireless network operators. NG-PON systems present optical access infrastructures to support various applications of many service providers. Hybrid passive optical networks (HPON) present a necessary phase to future PON networks utilized the optical transmission medium – the optical fiber. For developing hybrid passive optical networks, there exist various architectures and directions. They are specified with emphasis on their basic characteristics. For proposing reliable and survivable architectures, traffic protection schemes must be implemented. For converging Fi-Wi passive optical networks, an integration of optical and wireless technologies into common broadband access network must be considered. Finally, the HPON network configurator as the interactive software tool is introduced.

scholarly journals Polarization Division Multiplexing of OFDM Radio-over-Fiber Signals in Passive Optical Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Morant ◽  
Joaquin Pérez ◽  
Roberto Llorente
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Radio Over Fiber ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Polarization Division Multiplexing

This paper describes the state-of-the-art of polarization multiplexing for optical networks transmission. The use of polarization division multiplexing (PDM) permits to multiply the user capacity and increase the spectral efficiency. Combining PDM and orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) modulation allows maximizing the optical transmission capacity. The experimental demonstration of transmitting OFDM signals following ECMA-368 ultrawide band (UWB) standard in radio-over-fiber using PDM in passive optical networks is herein reported. The impact of cross-polarization and cochannel crosstalk is evaluated experimentally in a three-user OFDM-UWB subcarrier multiplexed (SCM) configuration per polarization. Each SCM uses up to three OFDM-UWB channels of 200 Mbit/s each, achieving an aggregated bitrate of 1.2 Gbit/s with 0.76 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency when using PDM transmission. The experimental results for the polarization-multiplexed SCM indicate that a 4 dB additional polarization crosstalk interference can be expected compared to a nonpolarization-multiplexed transmission system which translates to 2.4 dB EVM penalty in the UWB signals. The successful PDM transmission of SCM multiuser OFDM-UWB over a passive optical network of 25 km standard-single mode fiber (SSMF) reach is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Perspective Application of Passive Optical Network with Optimized Bus Topology

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lafata ◽  
J. Vodrazka
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Data Networks ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Optical Distribution

Passive optical networks (PONs) represent a promising solution for modern access telecommunication networks. These networks are able to meet the increasing demands on transmission rate for demanding multimedia services, while they can offer typical shared transmission speed of 1.25 or 2.5 Gbps. The major role in deploying optical distribution networks ODNs plays the maximum attenuable loss, which is caused mainly by passive optical splitters. This paper proposes an innovative application of passive optical networks with optimized bus topology especially for local backbone data networks. Due to using only passive components, it is necessary to optimize certain parameters, especially an overall attenuation balance. Considering the possibility of such optimization, the passive optical network with optimized bus topology provides several interesting opportunities for specific applications. This paper will present selected aspects of passive optical networks and splitters with asymmetric splitting ratio. The essential part is focused on the practical demonstration of their use to optimize the passive optical network with bus topology, which acts as a local backbone network for structured cabling systems, and for local data networks in large buildings.

Broadband NG-PON Networks and Their Designing Using the HPON Network Configurator

2014 ◽  
pp. 277-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rastislav Róka
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Access Networks ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Interactive Software ◽  
Professional Workers ◽  
Basic Characteristics

With the emerging applications and needs of ever increasing bandwidth, it is anticipated that the Next-Generation Passive Optical Network (NG-PON) with much higher bandwidth is a natural path forward to satisfy these demands and for network operators to develop valuable access networks. NG-PON systems present optical access infrastructures to support various applications of many service providers. Therefore, some general requirements for NG-PON networks are characterized and specified. Hybrid Passive Optical Networks (HPON) present a necessary phase of the future transition between PON classes with TDM or WDM multiplexing techniques utilized on the optical transmission medium – the optical fiber. Therefore, some specific requirements for HPON networks are characterized and presented. For developing hybrid passive optical networks, there exist various architectures and directions. They are also specified with emphasis on their basic characteristics and distinctions. Finally, the HPON network configurator as the interactive software tool is introduced in this chapter. Its main aim is helping users, professional workers, network operators and system analysts to design, configure, analyze, and compare various variations of possible hybrid passive optical networks. Some of the executed analysis is presented in detail.

Ethernet Passive Optical Networks

2009 ◽  
pp. 482-488
Author(s):  
Mário M. Freire ◽  
Paulo P. Monteiro ◽  
Henrique J.A. da Silva ◽  
José Ruela
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Multipoint Control ◽  
Upstream Direction ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Ethernet Passive Optical Networks

Recently, Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPONs) have received a great amount of interest as a promising cost-effective solution for next-generation high-speed access networks. This is confirmed by the formation of several fora and working groups that contribute to their development, namely the EPON Forum (http://www. ieeecommunities.org/epon), the Ethernet in the First Mile Alliance (http://www.efmalliance.org), and the IEEE 802.3ah working group (http://www.ieee802. org/3/efm), which is responsible for the standardization process. EPONs are a simple, inexpensive, and scalable solution for high-speed residential access capable of delivering voice, high-speed data, and multimedia services to end users (Kramer, Mukherjee, & Maislos, 2003; Kramer & Pesavento, 2002; Lorenz, Rodrigues, & Freire, 2004; McGarry, Maier, & Reisslein, 2004; Pesavento, 2003). An EPON combines the transport of IEEE 802.3 Ethernet frames over a low-cost and broadband point-to-multipoint passive optical fibre infrastructure connecting the optical line terminal (OLT) located at the central office to optical network units (ONUs) usually located at the subscriber premises. In the downstream direction, the EPON behaves as a broadcast and select shared medium, with Ethernet frames transmitted by the OLT reaching every ONU. In the upstream direction, Ethernet frames transmitted by each ONU will only reach the OLT, but an arbitration mechanism is required to avoid collisions. This article provides an overview of EPONs focused several issues: EPON architecture, multipoint control protocol (MPCP), quality of service (QoS), and operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM) capability of EPONs.

Comparative Analysis of High Speed 20/20 Gbps OTDM-PON, WDM-PON and TWDM-PON for Long-Reach NG-PON2

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meet Kumari ◽  
Reecha Sharma ◽  
Anu Sheetal
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Transmission Distance ◽  
Wdm Pon

AbstractNowadays, bandwidth demand is enormously increasing, that causes the existing passive optical network (PON) to become the future optical access network. In this paper, next generation passive optical network 2 (NG-PON2) based, optical time division multiplexing passive optical network (OTDM-PON), wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) and time & wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (TWDM-PON) systems with 20 Gbps (8 × 2.5 Gbps) downstream and 20 Gbps (8 × 2.5 Gbps) upstream capacity for eight optical network units has been proposed. The performance has been compared by varying the input power (−6 to 27 dBm) and transmission distance (10–130 km) in terms of Q-factor and optical received power in the presence of fiber noise and non-linearities. It has been observed that TWDM-PON outperforms OTDM-PON and WDM-PON for high input power and data rate (20/20 Gbps). Also, TWDM-PON shows its superiority for long-reach transmission up to 130 km, which is a cost-effective solution for future NG-PON2 applications.

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