scholarly journals Perspective Application of Passive Optical Network with Optimized Bus Topology

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lafata ◽  
J. Vodrazka
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Data Networks ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Optical Distribution

Passive optical networks (PONs) represent a promising solution for modern access telecommunication networks. These networks are able to meet the increasing demands on transmission rate for demanding multimedia services, while they can offer typical shared transmission speed of 1.25 or 2.5 Gbps. The major role in deploying optical distribution networks ODNs plays the maximum attenuable loss, which is caused mainly by passive optical splitters. This paper proposes an innovative application of passive optical networks with optimized bus topology especially for local backbone data networks. Due to using only passive components, it is necessary to optimize certain parameters, especially an overall attenuation balance. Considering the possibility of such optimization, the passive optical network with optimized bus topology provides several interesting opportunities for specific applications. This paper will present selected aspects of passive optical networks and splitters with asymmetric splitting ratio. The essential part is focused on the practical demonstration of their use to optimize the passive optical network with bus topology, which acts as a local backbone network for structured cabling systems, and for local data networks in large buildings.

scholarly journals An overview of passive optical networks and components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchan Bala
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
Last Mile

Over the past few years, telecommunication networks have experienced a dramatic shift from traditional voice-dominated traffic to data-oriented, application-based traffic. The access network or the last-mile connecting households or businesses to the internet backbone, have been recognized as a major bottleneck in todays network hierarchy. The ongoing demand for new access networks that support high-speed (greater than 100 Mb/s), symmetric, and guaranteed bandwidths for future video services has been accelerated and the search for a cost-effective optical access solution has yielded a number of possible solutions. To satisfy the required bandwidth over a 20-km transmission distance, single-mode optical fiber is a natural choice. Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are promising access solutions that will open the last-mile bottleneck bringing data rates of 100 Mb/s to 1 Gb/s to the end-users. The goal of this work is to provide a cohesive overview of research done in the area of Fiber In The Loop (FITL) optical access technology. Specifically, it explores the area of Passive Optical Network (PON) : its history, variants, architecture, and standards. Various passive optical components which make a passive optical network work, are also discussed. Some laboratory emulations on RF over PON showing noise, distortion, and fading in the channels are then carried on using the Vector Signal Generator SMIQ03B (Rhode & Schwarz), and the Wireless Communication Analyzer WCA380 (SONY Tektronix).

scholarly journals An overview of passive optical networks and components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchan Bala
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
Last Mile

Over the past few years, telecommunication networks have experienced a dramatic shift from traditional voice-dominated traffic to data-oriented, application-based traffic. The access network or the last-mile connecting households or businesses to the internet backbone, have been recognized as a major bottleneck in todays network hierarchy. The ongoing demand for new access networks that support high-speed (greater than 100 Mb/s), symmetric, and guaranteed bandwidths for future video services has been accelerated and the search for a cost-effective optical access solution has yielded a number of possible solutions. To satisfy the required bandwidth over a 20-km transmission distance, single-mode optical fiber is a natural choice. Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are promising access solutions that will open the last-mile bottleneck bringing data rates of 100 Mb/s to 1 Gb/s to the end-users. The goal of this work is to provide a cohesive overview of research done in the area of Fiber In The Loop (FITL) optical access technology. Specifically, it explores the area of Passive Optical Network (PON) : its history, variants, architecture, and standards. Various passive optical components which make a passive optical network work, are also discussed. Some laboratory emulations on RF over PON showing noise, distortion, and fading in the channels are then carried on using the Vector Signal Generator SMIQ03B (Rhode & Schwarz), and the Wireless Communication Analyzer WCA380 (SONY Tektronix).

scholarly journals Lasers in Passive Optical Networks and the Activation Process of an End Unit: A Tutorial

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Horvath ◽  
Petr Munster ◽  
Ning-Hai Bao
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Asynchronous Transfer Mode ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Longitudinal Mode ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Transfer Mode ◽  
Optical Line ◽  
Optical Distribution

It is 21 years since the first passive optical network (PON) was standardized as an asynchronous transfer mode passive optical network (APON) with same optical distribution network scheme as we know in current networks. A lot of PON networks were standardized in the following years and became an important part of telecommunication. The general principles of these PON networks are described in many papers and books, but only a little information about used lasers is available. The aim of this tutorial is to describe lasers used in PON networks and principles of their operation. The paper describes the principles of single longitudinal mode (SLM), multi longitudinal mode (MLM), distributed-feedback (DFB), and Fabry–Pérot (FP) lasers. Furthermore, the lasers are compared by their usage in optical line termination (OLT) for passive optical networks. The second part of this tutorial deals with activation process of optical network unit. The described principle is the same for connection of a new customer or blackout scenario. The end unit is not able to communicate until reach the operational state; each state is defined with physical layer operation and administration and maintenance (PLOAM) messages sequence and their processing.

Broadband NG-PON Networks and Their Designing Using the HPON Network Configurator

2014 ◽  
pp. 277-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rastislav Róka
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Access Networks ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Interactive Software ◽  
Professional Workers ◽  
Basic Characteristics

With the emerging applications and needs of ever increasing bandwidth, it is anticipated that the Next-Generation Passive Optical Network (NG-PON) with much higher bandwidth is a natural path forward to satisfy these demands and for network operators to develop valuable access networks. NG-PON systems present optical access infrastructures to support various applications of many service providers. Therefore, some general requirements for NG-PON networks are characterized and specified. Hybrid Passive Optical Networks (HPON) present a necessary phase of the future transition between PON classes with TDM or WDM multiplexing techniques utilized on the optical transmission medium – the optical fiber. Therefore, some specific requirements for HPON networks are characterized and presented. For developing hybrid passive optical networks, there exist various architectures and directions. They are also specified with emphasis on their basic characteristics and distinctions. Finally, the HPON network configurator as the interactive software tool is introduced in this chapter. Its main aim is helping users, professional workers, network operators and system analysts to design, configure, analyze, and compare various variations of possible hybrid passive optical networks. Some of the executed analysis is presented in detail.

An ultra-dense spacing-based PON by incorporating dual drive Mach–Zehnder modulator for comb generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Navjot Singh ◽  
Bharat Naresh Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Differential Phase Shift ◽  
High Data

Abstract Wavelength division multiplexed passive optical is promising technique to achieve a high data rate and large number of user. The notable advantages of WDM PON is the combination of reliability, cheap in cost, accessible bandwidth, high security, large optical reach and it can support large number of ONU. There are multiple approaches to achieve high-speed WDN PON using different transmission techniques. In WDM, multiple lasers are required which increase the cost of the system. To reduce cost, an optical multicarrier generation system is proposed. An economical multiple carrier generation with the incorporation of sine generator and Mach–Zehndar modulator is demonstrated. Utmost work of sine generator and dual drive modulator was to attain low cost functioning of passive optical networks. Multicarrier generation was done and replacement of laser carriers with optical multicarrier generator. Carriers were generated with the frequency spacing of 20 GHz and these carriers were used in the passive optical networks with the tone-to-noise ratio of 40 dB, amplitude difference of 1.4 dB. For the transmission of downstream in the PON, differential phase shift keying was employed at 10 Gbps data speed. Transmission distance achieved was 30 km using single-mode fiber and this was a part of optical distribution network. Optical network unit was next part after ODN and signals were received with balanced receiver. Moreover, half signal was given to intensity modulator for the signal re-modulation. Bit error rate of 10–9 was achieved at all channels in the downstream. An upstream of 10 Gbps was accomplished in the passive optical network.

Reliability of Multiple-Stage Cascaded Passive Optical Networks: A Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 701-702 ◽  
pp. 994-999
Author(s):  
Ge Jun Gao ◽  
Xun Jie Li ◽  
Shuai Tao ◽  
Jian Hua Shen
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Broadband Access ◽  
Two Stage

Passive Optical Network (PON) technology has been widely accepted as main broadband access which can satisfy the rapid increasing bandwidth requirements. With the expansion of the number of users, as well as the variation of application scenarios, traditional single-stage cascaded or two-stage cascaded PON system can no longer meet users’ demands. This paper proposed four multiple-stage cascaded PON topologies with different protection schemes. Reliability and cost for each topology are presented with theoretical analysis and numerical simulations.

scholarly journals A Review on Evolution Trends in Passive Optical Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramandeep Kaur ◽  
Simranjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Transmitted Power ◽  
Split Ratio ◽  
Power Set ◽  
Evolution Trend

In this paper, the passive optical network (PON) evolution trend has been discussed. The literature of PON standards which are ATM PON (APON), Broadband PON (BPON), Gigabit PON (GPON), 10-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (XG-PON) and next-generation PON2 (NG-PON2) has been reviewed extensively. From the literature review, a comparison of the PON technologies is made. The GPON, XG-PON and NG-PON2 are the most recent PON generations, and these are simulated to find the split per wavelength supported. The Q-factor below 6 is considered unacceptable in the analysis. The results show that the GPON can support 32 ONU when transmitted power set to 3dB. In the case of XG-PON, the Q-factor remains more than 6 for a split ratio up to 16. For the NG-PON2, the observed Q-factor is more than 6 for split up to 32. However, as the split increases above 32, the Q-factor falls below the acceptable level of 6.

Converged Fi-Wi Passive Optical Networks and Their Designing Using the HPON Network Configurator

2019 ◽  
pp. 150-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rastislav Róka
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Interactive Software ◽  
Wireless Access Networks ◽  
Basic Characteristics

With the emerging mobile applications and needs of ever-increasing bandwidth, it is anticipated that the next-generation passive optical network (NG-PON) with much higher bandwidth is a natural path forward to satisfy these demands and to develop valuable converged fiber-wireless access networks for wireless network operators. NG-PON systems present optical access infrastructures to support various applications of many service providers. Hybrid passive optical networks (HPON) present a necessary phase to future PON networks utilized the optical transmission medium – the optical fiber. For developing hybrid passive optical networks, there exist various architectures and directions. They are specified with emphasis on their basic characteristics. For proposing reliable and survivable architectures, traffic protection schemes must be implemented. For converging Fi-Wi passive optical networks, an integration of optical and wireless technologies into common broadband access network must be considered. Finally, the HPON network configurator as the interactive software tool is introduced.

Optical Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debasish Datta
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Access Networks ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Switched Networks

This book presents an in-depth deliberation on optical networks in four parts, capturing the past, present, and ensuing developments in the field. Part I has two chapters presenting an overview of optical networks and the enabling technologies. Part II has three chapters dealing with the single-wavelength optical networks: optical LANs/MANs, optical access networks using passive optical network architecture, SONET/SDH, optical transport network and resilient packet ring. Part III consists of four chapters on WDM-based optical networks, including WDM-based local/metropolitan networks (LANs/MANs) using single and multihop architectures over passive-star couplers, WDM/TWDM access networks as an extension of PONs with WDM transmission, WDM metro ring networks covering circuit-switched (using point-to-point WDM and wavelength-routed transmission) plus packet-switched architectures and WDM long-haul backbone networks presenting the offline and online design methodologies using wavelength-routed transmission. Part IV deals with some selected topics in six chapters. The first deals with transmission impairments and power-consumption issues in optical networks, while the next three chapters deal with the survivable optical networks, network control and management techniques, including GMPLS, ASON, and SDN/SDON, and datacenter networks using electrical, optical, and hybrid switching techniques. The final two chapters present elastic optical networks using flexible grid for better utilization of the optical-fiber spectrum and optical packet and burst-switched networks. The three appendices present the basics of the linear programming techniques, noise processes encountered in the optical communication systems, and the fundamentals of queuing theory and its applications in telecommunication networks. (238 words)

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Different Electrical Filters in 10G Hybrid Passive Optical Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 6652
Author(s):  
N. Subhashini ◽  
A. Brintha Therese
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Modulation Format ◽  
Optic Fibers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Wdm Pon

With growing number of applications and network traffic, optic fibers are extensively used in the access part of the network. Passive Optical Networks (PON) in particular, Ethernet PON (EPON) networks based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) are more prominently used in many parts of the world. Though Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) PON has its own advantages, considering the cost and utilisation of such networks in the access part makes it less useful. On the other hand, Hybrid PON network combines the advantages of both EPON and WDM PON Networks. The objective of this paper is to identify suitable electrical filters for a 16-channel Hybrid Passive Optical Network with a transmission rate of 10Gbps per channel, by analysing their performance in terms of Q factor and Bit Error Rate. Different filters like the Bessel filter, Gaussian filter, Raised Cosine Filter, Rectangular filter, Butterworth filter, Chebyshev Filter are compared and their performances are evaluated. DB Modulation format that provides a longer reach is used at the transmitter to evaluate the different scenarios and the simulation is carried out using Optisystem.

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