scholarly journals Phonological Processes in Ekegusii Borrowing: A Constraint-based Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-100
Author(s):  
Edinah Mose
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Study ◽  
Phonological Process ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Phonological Constraints ◽  
Sound Patterns ◽  
Constraint Approach

Phonological processes are at the heart of linguistic borrowing as it has varied phonological systems. It could be seen that the loan words entering the loan language from the source language can hardly be separated from the phonological process because they must be modified to suit the phonology of the loan language. This article analysed the phonological processes realized in Ekegusii borrowing from English using Optimality Theory’s constraint approach. Since this was a phonological study, descriptive linguistic fieldwork was used. The data used in this article was extracted from Mose’s doctoral study, whereby purposive sampling was used to obtain two hundred borrowed segments from the Ekegusii dictionary, then supplemented by introspection. Further, three adult native proficient Ekegusii speakers who were neither too young nor too old and had all their teeth were purposively sampled.  The two hundred tokens were then subjected to the sampled speakers through interviews to realize the sound patterns in the Ekegusii borrowing process overtly. The findings revealed that Ekegusii phonological constraints defined the well-formedness of the loanwords by repairing the illicit structures. To fix, various phonological processes were realized. They included: epenthesis, deletion, devoicing/strengthening, voicing/ weakening, re-syllabification, substitution, monophthongization, and lenition. The article concludes that borrowing across languages (related or unrelated) reports similar if not the same phonological processes only that the processes attested in one language are a subset of the universally exhibited phonological processes.

Consistency of Use of Phonological Processes by a Sample of Educable Mentally Impaired Children

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie May Watson ◽  
Julann Hiipakka
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Phonological Process ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Mentally Impaired ◽  
Impaired Children

A group of 10 educable mentally impaired children ( M age = 10 yr., 4 mo.) were assessed for use of phonological process under three speaking conditions: production of single words, imitated sentences, and connected speech samples. Only the process of gliding showed significant differences in use among conditions. Results generally indicated that any of those three speaking conditions were viable for eliciting use of phonological processes by such subjects. Results are also discussed in terms of individual differences.

Phonological Profile of Patients With Velopharyngeal Dysfunction and Palatal Anomalies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ariela Nachmani ◽  
Muhamed Masalha ◽  
Firas Kassem
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Phonological Process ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Process Error ◽  
Submucous Cleft Palate ◽  
Different Types

Purpose This purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and types of phonological process errors in patients with velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) and the different types of palatal anomalies. Method A total of 808 nonsyndromic patients with VPD, who underwent follow-up at the Center for Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies, from 2000 to 2016 were included. Patients were stratified into four age groups and five subphenotypes of palatal anomalies: cleft lip and palate (CLP), cleft palate (CP), submucous cleft palate (SMCP), occult submucous cleft palate (OSMCP), and non-CP. Phonological processes were compared among groups. Results The 808 patients ranged in age from 3 to 29 years, and 439 (54.3%) were male. Overall, 262/808 patients (32.4%) had phonological process errors; 80 (59.7%) ages 3–4 years, 98 (40, 0%) ages 4.1–6 years, 48 (24.7%) 6.1–9 years, and 36 (15.3%) 9.1–29 years. Devoicing was the most prevalent phonological process error, found in 97 patients (12%), followed by cluster reduction in 82 (10.1%), fronting in 66 (8.2%), stopping in 45 (5.6%), final consonant deletion in 43 (5.3%), backing in 30 (3.7%), and syllable deletion and onset deletion in 13 (1.6%) patients. No differences were found in devoicing errors between palatal anomalies, even with increasing age. Phonological processes were found in 61/138 (44.20%) with CP, 46/118 (38.1%) with SMCP, 61/188 (32.4%) with non-CP, 70/268 (26.1%) with OSMCP, and 25/96 (26.2%) with CLP. Phonological process errors were most frequent with CP and least with OSMCP ( p = .001). Conclusions Phonological process errors in nonsyndromic VPD patients remained relatively high in all age groups up to adulthood, regardless of the type of palatal anomaly. Our findings regarding the phonological skills of patients with palatal anomalies can help clarify the etiology of speech and sound disorders in VPD patients, and contribute to general phonetic and phonological studies.

scholarly journals Obligatory Nasal Turbulence as a Trigger for the Development of Posterior Nasal Fricatives in a Child With Repaired Cleft Palate

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 690-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Zajac
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Young Girl ◽  
Phonological Process ◽  
Pressure Flow ◽  
Phonological Processes

Posterior nasal fricatives (PNFs) are unusual articulations that occur in some children with and without cleft palate. The etiology of PNFs is unclear. A young girl with repaired cleft palate is described who exhibited inconsistent obligatory nasal turbulence during production of stops at 2 years of age. At 3 years of age, she exhibited various phonological processes and used PNFs to replace sibilants and affricates. Pressure-flow testing showed a relatively small velopharyngeal area during production of stops. These observations are consistent with obligatory nasal turbulence triggering the development of PNFs as an unusual phonological process, perhaps facilitated by reduced hearing.

scholarly journals Tongue contour for /s/ and /?/ in children with speech sound disorder

CoDAS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haydée Fiszbein Wertzner ◽  
Danira Tavares Francisco ◽  
Luciana de Oliveira Pagan-Neves
Keyword(s):  
Speech Sound ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Speech Sound Disorder ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Phonological Process ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

PURPOSE: To describe the tongue shape for /s/ and /∫/ sounds in three different groups of children with and without speech sound disorder. METHODS: The six participants were divided into three groups: Group 1 - two typically developing children, Group 2 - two children with speech sound disorder presenting any other phonological processes but not the ones involving the production of the /∫/ and Group 3 - two children with speech sound disorder presenting any phonological processes associated to the presence of the phonological process of palatal fronting (these two children produced /∫/ as /s/) aged between 5 and 8 years old, all speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. The data were the words /'∫avi/ (key) and /'sapu/ (frog). Tongue contour was individually traced for the five productions of each target word. RESULTS: The analysis of the tongue contour pointed to evidences that both /s/ and /∫/ were produced using distinct tongue contours for G1 and G2. The production of these two groups was more stable than G3. The tongue contour for /s/ and /∫/ from the children in G3 was similar, indicating that their production was undifferentiated. CONCLUSION: The use of the ultrasound applied to the speech analysis was effective to confirm the perceptual analysis of the sound made by the speech-language pathologist.

A Cross-Sectional Developmental Study of Final Consonant Production in Southern Black Children from Preschool through Third Grade

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
William O. Haynes ◽  
Michael J. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Predominantly White ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Phonological Process ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
East Central ◽  
English Dialect

The sounds-in-words subtest of the Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation (GFTA) was administered to 222 Black children in preschool through third grade. The children resided in rural east central Alabama, and used the Black English dialect common to that region. The children's responses were analyzed using the PROPH computer program for analysis of phonological processes. The analysis revealed phonological process patterns similar to those reported in the developmental literature with the exception of final consonant deletion. The data suggest that southern Black children continue to delete final consonants well beyond the age indicated by norms gathered on predominantly White subjects. Clinical implications are discussed.

Morpho-Phonological Processes in Korean

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongho Jun
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Vowel Harmony ◽  
Correct Description ◽  
Phonological Process ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Generative Linguistics ◽  
Optimal Analysis ◽  
Rule Application ◽  
Relevant Pattern

It has been an ongoing issue within generative linguistics how to properly analyze morpho-phonological processes. Morpho-phonological processes typically have exceptions, but nonetheless they are often productive. Such productive, but exceptionful, processes are difficult to analyze, since grammatical rules or constraints are normally invoked in the analysis of a productive pattern, whereas exceptions undermine the validity of the rules and constraints. In addition, productivity of a morpho-phonological process may be gradient, possibly reflecting the relative frequency of the relevant pattern in the lexicon. Simple lexical listing of exceptions as suppletive forms would not be sufficient to capture such gradient productivity of a process with exceptions. It is then necessary to posit grammatical rules or constraints even for exceptionful processes as long as they are at least in part productive. Moreover, the productivity can be correctly estimated only when the domain of rule application is correctly identified. Consequently, a morpho-phonological process cannot be properly analyzed unless we possess both the correct description of its application conditions and the appropriate stochastic grammatical mechanisms to capture its productivity. The same issues arise in the analysis of morpho-phonological processes in Korean, in particular, n-insertion, sai-siot, and vowel harmony. Those morpho-phonological processes have many exceptions and variations, which make them look quite irregular and unpredictable. However, they have at least a certain degree of productivity. Moreover, the variable application of each process is still systematic in that various factors, phonological, morphosyntactic, sociolinguistic, and processing, contribute to the overall probability of rule application. Crucially, grammatical rules and constraints, which have been proposed within generative linguistics to analyze categorical and exceptionless phenomena, may form an essential part of the analysis of the morpho-phonological processes in Korean. For an optimal analysis of each of the morpho-phonological processes in Korean, the correct conditions and domains for its application need to be identified first, and its exact productivity can then be measured. Finally, the appropriate stochastic grammatical mechanisms need to be found or developed in order to capture the measured productivity.

scholarly journals Cophonologies by Ph(r)ase

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1211-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Sande ◽  
Peter Jenks ◽  
Sharon Inkelas
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance ◽  
Phonological Process ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Lexical Categories ◽  
Syntactic Features

Abstract Phonological alternations are often specific to morphosyntactic context. For example, stress shift in English occurs in the presence of some suffixes, -al, but not others, -ing: "Equation missing", "Equation missing", "Equation missing". In some cases a phonological process applies only in words of certain lexical categories. Previous theories have stipulated that such morphosyntactically conditioned phonology is word-bounded. In this paper we present a number of long-distance morphologically conditioned phonological effects, cases where phonological processes within one word are conditioned by another word or the presence of a morpheme in another word. We provide a model, Cophonologies by Phase, which extends Cophonology Theory, intended to capture word-internal and lexically specified phonological alternations, to cyclically generated syntactic constituents. We show that Cophonologies by Phase makes better predictions about the long-distance morphologically conditioned phonological effects we find across languages than previous frameworks. Furthermore, Cophonologies by Phase derives such effects without requiring the phonological component to directly reference syntactic features or structure.

Developmental Phonology

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra A. Preisser ◽  
Barbara W. Hodson ◽  
Elaine P. Paden
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Phonological Process ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Middle Group ◽  
Cluster Reduction

Utterances of 60 normally developing children, who were within 6 months of their second birthdays, were analyzed for occurrences of phonological processes. The subjects were divided equally into three chronological age groups: (a) 1:6–1:9, (b) 1:10–2:1, and (c) 2:2–2:5. The most prevalent phonological processes evidenced by all three groups were cluster reduction and deviations involving liquids (e.g., gliding). Phonological process percentage-of-occurrence means were considerably lower for the middle group than for the youngest group, with the most dramatic differences occurring for syllable reduction and postvocalic singleton omission. Potential clinical applications of the data for ascertaining what constitutes disordered phonological development in preschool children are discussed, as well as implications for specifying remediation priorities.

Description of Phonological Patterns for Nineteen Elementary-Age Children with Hearing Losses

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Meline
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
Phonological Process ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
Phonological Errors ◽  
Cluster Reduction

The speech productions of 19 hard of hearing children between 5 and 12 years of age were examined for errors related to phonological process categories. For comparison, the subjects were divided into groups of 9 with Profound and 10 with Moderate to Severe hearing losses. There was a significant relationship between hearing loss and phonological errors. Seven phonological processes were evident in at least 33% of obligatory contexts. Prevalent processes included final consonant deletion and cluster reduction. The most prevalent deficiencies included / r/ and /1/ phonemes. Subjects with Profound hearing losses produced more errors over-all as well as more errors in each phonological process category. Subjects with Profound hearing losses frequently deleted entire consonant clusters, whereas subjects with Moderate to Severe hearing losses did not. Results are also discussed in relation to normal development.

scholarly journals The Morphological Nativization of French Loanwords in the Djelfa Dialect with Special Reference to some Phonological Processes Targeting it within OT

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khedidja Slimani
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Morphological Adaptation ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Source Language ◽  
French Words ◽  
Phonological System

AbstractAlgerian Arabic, in general, and the Djelfa dialect, in particular, are receptive to French words. But such borrowing is not unsystematic as they are adapted in a way compatible with the morphological and phonological system of the recipient dialect as well as preserving as much information as possible from the source language. This paper focuses on the morphological nativization of French loanwords in the Djelfa dialect with special reference to some phonological processes, viz., epenthesis, assimilation and devocalization that are used to rehabilitate the illicit syllable structures resulting from such morphological adaptation within Optimality Theory.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document