Identification of the surface temperature change in the Atlantic-European and Mediterranean regions using ERA5 re-analysis

The article analyzes the seasonal, interannual and inter-decadal variability of the surface / drive temperature of the Atlantic-European and Mediterranean regions, as well as assesses temperature trends. The information is based on the data of the re-analysis of ERA5. This is one of the latest climate re-analyses, which was performed by specialists of the European Center for Medium-term Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) with a spatial resolution of 0.25°x0.25°. We analyzed hourly data for 41 years, from 1979 to 2019 for two periods: the entire re-analysis period and the thirty-year climate period from 1990 to 2019. The purpose of the analysis was to clarify the relative role of natural quasi-periodic changes in temperature and the trend component of presumably anthropogenic origin. The most important role of natural temperature changes on time scales from interannual to inter-decennial is confirmed. Linear temperature trends calculated over the last climate period of thirty years are responsible for the increase in temperature over the mainland areas to 3°C over 30 years. At the same time, over a significant part of the north-eastern Atlantic and adjacent land areas, the linear trends estimated over a thirty-year period are insignificant. Natural quasi-periodic components of variability prevail here. As the analyzed period increases, the areas of significant temperature trends expand. In the area of the Canary and Portuguese upwelling, a decrease in the driving temperature is observed, confirming the validity of the hypothesis of A. Bakun of the intensification of the eastern coastal upwelling systems in the contemporary climate epoch.

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Impact of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) on deriving anthropogenic warming rates from the instrumental temperature record

Earth System Dynamics ◽

10.5194/esd-5-375-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 375-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

G. R. van der Werf ◽

A. J. Dolman

Keyword(s):

Surface Air Temperature ◽

Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation ◽

Temperature Record ◽

Relative Role ◽

Transient Climate Response ◽

The Past ◽

Temperature Trends ◽

Statistical Studies ◽

Instrumental Temperature

Abstract. The instrumental surface air temperature record has been used in several statistical studies to assess the relative role of natural and anthropogenic drivers of climate change. The results of those studies varied considerably, with anthropogenic temperature trends over the past 25–30 years suggested to range from 0.07 to 0.20 °C decade−1. In this short communication, we assess the origin of these differences and highlight the inverse relation between the temperature trend of the past 30 years and the weight given to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) as an explanatory factor in the multiple linear regression (MLR) tool that is usually employed. We highlight that robust MLR outcomes require a better understanding of the AMO in general and, more specifically, of its characterization. Our results indicate that both the high and the low end of the anthropogenic trend over the past 30 years found in previous studies are unlikely and that a transient climate response of 1.6 (1.0–3.3) °C best captures the historic instrumental temperature record.

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Impact of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) on deriving anthropogenic warming rates from the instrumental temperature record

Earth System Dynamics Discussions ◽

10.5194/esdd-5-529-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 529-544

Author(s):

G. R. van der Werf ◽

A. J. Dolman

Keyword(s):

Surface Air Temperature ◽

Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation ◽

Temperature Record ◽

Relative Role ◽

Transient Climate Response ◽

The Past ◽

Temperature Trends ◽

Statistical Studies ◽

Instrumental Temperature

Abstract. The instrumental surface air temperature record has been used in several statistical studies to assess the relative role of natural and anthropogenic drivers of climate change. The results of those studies varied considerably, with anthropogenic temperature trends over the past 25–30 years suggested to range from 0.07 to 0.20 °C decade−1. In this short communication we assess the origin of these differences and highlight the inverse relation between the derived anthropogenic temperature trend of the past 30 years and the weight given to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) as an explanatory factor in the multiple linear regression (MLR) tool that is usually employed. We highlight that robust MLR outcomes require a better understanding of the AMO in general and more specifically its characterization. Our results indicate that both the high- and low end of the anthropogenic trend over the past 30 years found in previous studies are unlikely and that a transient climate response with best estimates centred around 1.3 °C per CO2 doubling best captures the historic instrumental temperature record.

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Using Magnetometry to Understand the Relative Role of Magnetic Particles in Co-Based Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C ◽

10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c04718 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anne Marie Esposito ◽

Alexis Magaña ◽

Eric S. Thornburg ◽

Richard T. Haasch ◽

Hong Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽

Oxygen Reduction ◽

Magnetic Particles ◽

Reduction Reaction ◽

Relative Role

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Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Remission at Long-term Following Biliopancreatic Diversion: the Relative Role of Different Metabolic Attitudes

Obesity Surgery ◽

10.1007/s11695-021-05414-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gian Franco Adami ◽

Renzo Cordera

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Biliopancreatic Diversion ◽

Diabetes Remission ◽

Relative Role ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Remission

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Relative role of external debt, FDI, and domestic investment in economic growth: evidence from Sri Lanka

International Journal of Economic Policy Studies ◽

10.1007/s42495-021-00061-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Biswajit Maitra

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

External Debt ◽

Relative Role ◽

Domestic Investment

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Differences between male and female rats in the regulation of hepatic glycogenolysis. The relative role of calcium and cAMP in phosphorylase activation by catecholamines.

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)34286-8 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 257 (14) ◽

pp. 7987-7993 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R K Studer ◽

A B Borle

Keyword(s):

Female Rats ◽

Relative Role ◽

Male And Female ◽

Male And Female Rats

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The Role of Frost Processes in the Retreat of River Banks

Water ◽

10.3390/w13131812 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 1812

Author(s):

Karol Augustowski ◽

Józef Kukulak

Keyword(s):

Relative Role ◽

Freezing And Thawing ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Fluvial Processes ◽

Precise Calculation ◽

Erosion Pins ◽

Summer Half ◽

Lateral Erosion ◽

Summer Flood

The rate of bank retreat was measured using erosion pins on the alluvial banks of the rivers in the Podhale region (the boundary zone between Central and Outer Carpathians) during the hydrological year 2013/2014. During the winter half-year (November–April), the bank retreat was mainly caused by processes related to the freezing and thawing of the ground (swelling, creep, downfall). During the summer half-year (May–October), fluvial processes and mass movements such as lateral erosion, washing out, and sliding predominated. The share of fluvial processes in the total annual amount of bank retreat (71 cm on average) was 4 times greater than that of the frost phenomena. Erosion on bank surfaces by frost phenomena during the cold half-year was greatest (up to 38 cm) on the upper parts of banks composed of fine-grained alluvium, while fluvial erosion during the summer half-year (exceeding 80 cm) mostly affected the lower parts of the banks, composed of gravel. The precise calculation of the relative role of frost phenomena in the annual balance of bank erosion was precluded at some stations by the loss of erosion pins in the summer flood.

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Grain Boundary Segregation in Titanium Dioxide: Evaluation of Relative Driving Forces for Segregation

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-751-z4.6 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 751 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qinglei Wang ◽

Guoda D. Lian ◽

Elizabeth C. Dickey

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Boundary Segregation ◽

Solute Segregation ◽

Dielectric Behavior ◽

Relative Role ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Fundamental Phenomenon ◽

Versus Strain

ABSTRACTSolute segregation to grain boundaries is a fundamental phenomenon in polycrystalline metal-oxide electroceramics that has enormous implications for the macroscopic dielectric behavior of the materials. This paper presents a systematic study of solute segregation in a model dielectric, titanium dioxide. We investigate the relative role of the electrostatic versus strain energy driving forces for segregation by studying yttrium-doped specimens. Through analytical transmission electron microscopy studies, we quantitatively determine the segregation behavior of the material. The measured Gibbsian interfacial excesses are compared to thermodynamic predictions.

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