scholarly journals Impact of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) on deriving anthropogenic warming rates from the instrumental temperature record

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. van der Werf ◽  
A. J. Dolman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation ◽  
Temperature Record ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Transient Climate Response ◽  
The Past ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Statistical Studies ◽  
Instrumental Temperature

Abstract. The instrumental surface air temperature record has been used in several statistical studies to assess the relative role of natural and anthropogenic drivers of climate change. The results of those studies varied considerably, with anthropogenic temperature trends over the past 25–30 years suggested to range from 0.07 to 0.20 °C decade−1. In this short communication, we assess the origin of these differences and highlight the inverse relation between the temperature trend of the past 30 years and the weight given to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) as an explanatory factor in the multiple linear regression (MLR) tool that is usually employed. We highlight that robust MLR outcomes require a better understanding of the AMO in general and, more specifically, of its characterization. Our results indicate that both the high and the low end of the anthropogenic trend over the past 30 years found in previous studies are unlikely and that a transient climate response of 1.6 (1.0–3.3) °C best captures the historic instrumental temperature record.

scholarly journals Impact of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) on deriving anthropogenic warming rates from the instrumental temperature record

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 529-544
Author(s):  
G. R. van der Werf ◽  
A. J. Dolman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation ◽  
Temperature Record ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Transient Climate Response ◽  
The Past ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Statistical Studies ◽  
Instrumental Temperature

Abstract. The instrumental surface air temperature record has been used in several statistical studies to assess the relative role of natural and anthropogenic drivers of climate change. The results of those studies varied considerably, with anthropogenic temperature trends over the past 25–30 years suggested to range from 0.07 to 0.20 °C decade−1. In this short communication we assess the origin of these differences and highlight the inverse relation between the derived anthropogenic temperature trend of the past 30 years and the weight given to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) as an explanatory factor in the multiple linear regression (MLR) tool that is usually employed. We highlight that robust MLR outcomes require a better understanding of the AMO in general and more specifically its characterization. Our results indicate that both the high- and low end of the anthropogenic trend over the past 30 years found in previous studies are unlikely and that a transient climate response with best estimates centred around 1.3 °C per CO2 doubling best captures the historic instrumental temperature record.

Anthropo-generated Climate Change in Europe

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Balling ◽  
Sherwood B. Idso
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Northern Hemispheric

In reviewing the results of our analyses of European temperature and precipitation data, we see patterns that are similar to those discovered in our prior studies of the United States and the British Isles: precipitation begins to increase at about the time that Northern Hemispheric SO2 emissions began their rapid ascension, while prior upward trends of surface-air temperature are dramatically truncated.We also find that surface-air temperature trends of different localities over the past three-and-a-half decades are closely tied to the amount of aerosol sulphates in the atmosphere above them. The wide range and thrust of these several observations, along with their theoretical expectation, provides strong support for the premise that anthropo-generated climate change is indeed occurring in Europe, but that it may well be SO2-induced rather than CO2-induced.

Long-Term Surface Air Temperature Trends Over Mainland China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyu Ren ◽  
Guoli Tang ◽  
Kangmin Wen
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Regional Warming ◽  
National Reference ◽  
The Past ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Based on a dataset of national reference and basic stations, which have been quality controlled and inhomogeneity processed, updated surface air temperature (SAT) series of the past 67 (1951–2017) and 113 (1905–2017) years for mainland China are constructed and analyzed. The new temperature series show significant warming trends of 0.24°C/10yr and 0.09°C/10yr respectively for the two periods. The rapid regional warming generally begins from the mid-1980s, about a decade later than the northern hemisphere average SAT change. Warming during the period of 1951–2017 is larger and more significant in the northeast, north, northwest and the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and the most significant SAT increase usually occurs in winter and spring except for the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau where winter and autumn undergo the largest warming. The slowdown of the warming can be clearly detected after 1998, especially for autumn and winter. The effect of urbanization on trends of the region averaged annual and seasonal mean SAT as calculated from the national reference and basic stations has not been adjusted, despite it being generally large and significant. In north China, the increasing trend of annual mean SAT induced by urbanization for the national stations is 0.10°C/10yr for the period 1961–2015, accounting for at least 31% of the overall annual mean warming. The contribution of urbanization to the overall warming of the past half century in Mainland China has also been summarized and discussed referring to the previous studies.

scholarly journals Plant diversity of Absheron peninsula

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Zernov ◽  
Shahla N. Mirzayeva
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Adventive Species ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adventive Flora ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Ornamental Trees ◽  
Xix Century

Abstract: In this article, we discuss the results of studying the flora of the Absheron Peninsula. The dynamics of the species composition over the past 70 years is considered. We were unable to find 206 species in the habitats previously recorded by Karyagin in 1952. We included 678 species in the list of flora of the Absheron Peninsula, of which 599 species were classified as native flora. In accordance with the direction of the dynamics of their habitats, we distinguish five groups of native flora species: Extinct (not found on the territory of Absheron for more than 50 years) – seven species, endangered (disappeared in several previously known localities) - 130 species, stable (found in previously known localities) – 209 species, dynamic (disappeared in previously known localities, but found in new localities) - 191 species, progressive (found in previously known localities and found in new localities) - 47 species. It is well known that for any region the adventive element of the flora is more dynamic than the native one. In total, we recorded 97 adventive species for the Absheron peninsula, of which 23 were new species for the flora of the region. We draw attention to the fact that since the beginning of the XIX century, the relative role of various sources of replenishment of the adventitious flora has changed. However, with the beginning of the new millennium, the contribution of railways to the formation of the advent component is noticeably decreasing.The number of new species entering the territory of the Absheron Peninsula by rail is radically decreasing. During the period covering 9 years (from 2012 to 2020), we were not able to find a single new adventive species that was intrude by rail. On the other hands, the activity of cultivated ornamental trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants became more clearly visible. There is a significant increase in the role landfills and wastelands in the formation of the adventive flora of the region

Working capital allocations and productivity: empirical issues and role of asset utilization

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Singh Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Firm Value ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marginal Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe article highlights potential mismeasurement in working capital allocations among academicians and practitioners and revisits the relationship between firms' working capital and productivity, as evident from their values.Design/methodology/approachThe research design acknowledges the relative role of firms' working capital vis-a-vis other assets in generating revenue, thereby effectively accounting for the overall asset efficiency in influencing firm value. The authors use a multivariate framework to draw inferences from the marginal impact of working capital and its components on firm value while controlling for asset utilization.FindingsThe authors find that, after accounting for asset utilization, the marginal impact of working capital and its components on firm value is quite weak. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that firms' trade-off between short-term and long-term assets per se should not have any value implications. After controlling for their asset turnovers, the authors find that higher allocations to working capital relative to other assets are not necessarily value-destructive. The findings contrast with the past literature.Research limitations/implicationsThe article, through its analytical and empirical insights, suggests that working capital allocations should be measured by managers and academicians relative to firms' other asset rather than their sales. Firm values should, therefore, be compared based on firms' overall asset utilization rather than inter-temporal allocations to short-term versus long-term assets.Originality/valueContrary to the existing literature so far, the article explicitly acknowledges the relative role of firms' other assets, and hence the overall asset utilization, to infer the marginal impact of working capital on firm value.

scholarly journals Identification of the surface temperature change in the Atlantic-European and Mediterranean regions using ERA5 re-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
A.B. Polonsky ◽  
◽  
S.S. Beytser ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Linear Temperature ◽  
Surface Temperature Change ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Periodic Components

The article analyzes the seasonal, interannual and inter-decadal variability of the surface / drive temperature of the Atlantic-European and Mediterranean regions, as well as assesses temperature trends. The information is based on the data of the re-analysis of ERA5. This is one of the latest climate re-analyses, which was performed by specialists of the European Center for Medium-term Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) with a spatial resolution of 0.25°x0.25°. We analyzed hourly data for 41 years, from 1979 to 2019 for two periods: the entire re-analysis period and the thirty-year climate period from 1990 to 2019. The purpose of the analysis was to clarify the relative role of natural quasi-periodic changes in temperature and the trend component of presumably anthropogenic origin. The most important role of natural temperature changes on time scales from interannual to inter-decennial is confirmed. Linear temperature trends calculated over the last climate period of thirty years are responsible for the increase in temperature over the mainland areas to 3°C over 30 years. At the same time, over a significant part of the north-eastern Atlantic and adjacent land areas, the linear trends estimated over a thirty-year period are insignificant. Natural quasi-periodic components of variability prevail here. As the analyzed period increases, the areas of significant temperature trends expand. In the area of the Canary and Portuguese upwelling, a decrease in the driving temperature is observed, confirming the validity of the hypothesis of A. Bakun of the intensification of the eastern coastal upwelling systems in the contemporary climate epoch.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

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