Optical Response Analysis at Various Pb2+ Concentration by Using Fiber Optic Displacement Sensor

A simple and low-cost Fiber Optic Displacement Sensor (FODS) using reflective intensity modulation technique was developed to analyze various concentrations of Pb2+, a compound classified under heavy metal ions. Lead is harmful to the environment including to human but is used in the cosmetic field for beauty without realizing and considering the hazardousness of lead as it would cause a long-term effect. Therefore, a feasible way has been identified in this study to demonstrate the level of Pb2+ concentration in cosmetics field by employing the theory of modulation of intensity as a function of displacement sensor. The permissible limit according to Malaysian Cosmetics Guidelines and ASEAN Cosmetic Directive was 20 ppm. The concentration sensor’s system exhibits 0.0018 V/ppm sensitivity with a linearity of 96% and 94% respectively, for both peaks. Meanwhile, the sensitivity was 0.034 V/ppm for the first peak and 27.72 V/ppm for the second peak, with slope linearity of more than 96% for surface tension parameter. The credibility of these optical response curves data might be useful, especially in the cosmetic’s industrial application.

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Fiber Optic Fabry-Perot Micro-Displacement Sensor Based on Low-Cost Polymer Film

IEEE Sensors Journal ◽

10.1109/jsen.2019.2944998 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 4719-4725

Author(s):

M. Gutierrez-Rivera ◽

D. Jauregui-Vazquez ◽

D. F. Garcia-Mina ◽

J. M. Sierra-Hernandez ◽

J. M. Estudillo-Ayala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymer Film ◽

Fiber Optic ◽

Low Cost ◽

Displacement Sensor ◽

Fabry Perot

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Analysis of Fiber Optic Sensor to Measure Velocity During Electromagnetic Forming and Welding

Volume 1: Processing ◽

10.1115/msec2013-1242 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

E. Thibaudeau ◽

B. Turner ◽

T. Gross ◽

B. L. Kinsey

Keyword(s):

High Velocity ◽

High Speed ◽

Fiber Optic ◽

Low Cost ◽

Electromagnetic Forming ◽

Fiber Optic Sensor ◽

Displacement Sensor ◽

High Speed Photography ◽

Magnetic Pulse ◽

Welding Processes

Previous methods of measuring high velocity deformation in electromagnetic forming and magnetic pulse welding include Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV), laser micrometers, and high speed photography. In this paper an alternative method is presented, implementing a fiber optic, reflectance dependent displacement sensor. The sensor is shown to be an attractive low cost solution to measurement of high velocities in high voltage, magnetic environments. Data is shown with respect to sensor characterization including various surface reflectivity values, curvatures, and misalignments; implementation in two forming and welding processes; and verification with high velocity measurement in parallel with PDV. The sensor system is one twentieth the cost of a PDV system, and yet measures velocities accurately to at least 140 m/s. Sensor performance is also enhanced by the use of retroreflective tape, which is shown to increase the displacement range by 9×, decrease sensitivity to misalignment, and increase repeatability and ease of implementation.

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Improvement of Compressive Strength of Soil by Using Jute Fiber Waste

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.751.785 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 751 ◽

pp. 785-789

Author(s):

Tahmina Sultana ◽

Md. Bayezid Islam ◽

Md. Waliur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Low Cost ◽

Point Of View ◽

Soil Reinforcement ◽

Jute Fiber ◽

Coastal Zones ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Ucs Test ◽

Jute Waste

To attain the desirable strength of soil, soil reinforcement has been playing a pivotal role for many decades. Although there are many well-established methods to reinforce the soil, but now-a-days people are looking for low-cost reinforcing materials. In Bangladesh jute waste is not being used effectively, although jute production is quite good in amount. From this point of view in this study, jute fiber is selected as reinforcing material and focused on improvement of compressive strength of soil. Varying proportions of Jute fiber as 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% have been mixed with dry soil to make the samples to be tested. The result indicated that the sample prepared with 3% of jute fiber gives the highest value in Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test and adding more than 3% of jute fiber tends to decrease the UCS value. As this study has been done keeping in mind about the embankment construction process in the coastal zones of Bangladesh, where grass turfing is done to protect soil from erosion and inorganic fertilizer is used to grow up the grass which has long-term effect on the environment. On the other hand, jute is 100% biodegradable, when it comes to contact of moist soil, after a certain period it acts as the natural fertilizer that helps to grow up the grass and make the root of grass stronger to hold the soil.

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Low-cost and compact fiber-optic gyroscope with long-term stability

2011 Aerospace Conference ◽

10.1109/aero.2011.5747320 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Behzad Moslehi ◽

Ram Yahalom ◽

Levy Oblea ◽

Ferey Faridian ◽

Richard J. Black ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fiber Optic ◽

Low Cost ◽

Fiber Optic Gyroscope ◽

Term Stability ◽

Long Term Stability

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Fast low-cost fiber-optic displacement sensor

10.1117/12.623631 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bruno Nilsson ◽

Dan Tilert ◽

Attila Temun ◽

Torgny Carlsson ◽

Lars Mattsson

Keyword(s):

Fiber Optic ◽

Low Cost ◽

Displacement Sensor

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Encapsulation of Fiber Optic Sensors in 3D Printed Packages for Use in Civil Engineering Applications: A Preliminary Study

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19071689 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (7) ◽

pp. 1689 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Richard Scott ◽

Miodrag Vidakovic ◽

Sanjay Chikermane ◽

Brett McKinley ◽

Tong Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fiber Optic ◽

Civil Engineering ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Fiber Optic Sensors ◽

Engineering Applications ◽

Considerable Potential ◽

Challenging Environment ◽

3D Printed

Fiber optic sensors have considerable potential for measuring strains in the challenging environment posed by today’s civil engineering applications. Their long-term reliability and stability are particularly important attributes for assessing, with confidence, effects such as cracking and response to normal (and abnormal) loads. However, given the fragile nature of the bare fiber, the sensors must be packaged to achieve adequate robustness but the resulting increased cost of installation can frequently limit the number of sensors which can be installed or their use may have to be ruled out altogether due to these financial constraints. There is thus potential for the development of a more affordable type of packaging and this paper describes work undertaken to produce a cost-effective and easy-to-use technique for encapsulating fiber optic sensors in resin, taking advantage of 3D printing techniques which are widely available and at low cost. This approach can be used to produce a robust, inexpensive packaged sensor system which is seen as being suitable to be extended to a wider range of uses including installation in concrete structures prior to casting. To evaluate this approach, several such 3D printed package types and geometries are described and their behavior is assessed from a programme of laboratory trials, the results of which are presented in this paper. This proof-of-concept testing has demonstrated the considerable potential which 3D printed packages have and the scope for further development and consequent use in civil engineering applications. Areas showing promise and potential, which have been identified from the work undertaken, are discussed.

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