scholarly journals Urban Planning: a Game Theory Application for the Travel Demand Management

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Koryagin
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Theory Application

Urban infrastructure in the developing nations is generating a great number of environmental problems. Therefore, the problem of land distribution among road networks, parking spaces and landscaped parks is to be researched. The passenger behavior depends on traffic congestion, parking search time, public transport frequency, parking fee, etc. The travel mode choice model is described by logit function.A city territory is subdivided into three districts, residential, central and industrial, each of them trying to develop and implement the optimal policy of land use. The district criterion includes residential travel times, congestion and impacts of the parks on the environment. Any district should solve the effective land use problem while the public transport system tries to find the optimal frequency.The travel time depends on road capacity and is described by Greenshields model. The influence of parking capacity upon the parking search time is described by the BPR formula.Participants’ solutions influence one another; therefore, the coalition-free game is constructed. The existence of Nash equilibrium is proved for districts, passengers and public transport. The numerical example shows the impacts of value of time (VOT), population density and parking fee rates on districts land use.

scholarly journals SOLVING TRAFFIC CONGESTION FROM THE DEMAND SIDE

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-En Ge ◽  
Olegas Prentkovskis ◽  
Chunyan Tang ◽  
Wafaa Saleh ◽  
Michael G. H. Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Travel Demand Management

It is nowadays widely accepted that solving traffic congestion from the demand side is more important and more feasible than offering more capacity or facilities for transportation. Following a brief overview of evolution of the concept of Travel Demand Management (TDM), there is a discussion on the TDM foundations that include demand-side strategies, traveler choice and application settings and the new dimensions that ATDM (Active forms of Transportation and Demand Management) bring to TDM, i.e. active management and integrative management. Subsequently, the authors provide a short review of the state-of-the-art TDM focusing on relevant literature published since 2000. Next, we highlight five TDM topics that are currently hot: traffic congestion pricing, public transit and bicycles, travel behavior, travel plans and methodology. The paper closes with some concluding remarks.

World Expo 2010 Promotes the Reduction in Carbon Emissions of Urban Transport

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 1826-1830
Author(s):  
Lin Hui Zeng ◽  
Guang Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Travel Demand Management

Transport sector is one of the main sources of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Comprehensive countermeasures are needed in cities to mitigate transport GHG emissions. After reviewing green traffic measures that implemented by Shanghai since bidding for Expo 2010, this paper analyzes the achievement that Shanghai has made in carbon mitigation. The results showed that travel demand management and the constrcution public transportation infrastructure promoted by the event played a vital role in promoting mode shift to form public transport oriented traffic system. Carbon emission intensity of Shanghais urban transport declined steadily from 1.66 kg/trip to 1.55 kg/trip. The CO2 reduction attributable to mode shifts amounted to 4.99 million tons. It demonstrated that Shanghai Expo has promoted the city in carbon emission reduction through public transport improvement, new energy vehicles innovation, car growth restriction measures and green commuting initiate.

scholarly journals What Factors Affect Commuters’ Utility of Choosing Mobility as a Service? An Empirical Evidence from Seoul

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9324
Author(s):  
Sujae Kim ◽  
Sangho Choo ◽  
Sungtaek Choi ◽  
Hyangsook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Trip Frequency

Mobility as a Service (MaaS), which integrates public and shared transportation into a single service, is drawing attention as a travel demand management strategy aimed at reducing automobile dependency and encouraging public transit. In particular, there have been few studies that recognize traffic congestion during peak hours and identify related factors for practical application. The purpose of this study is to explore what factors affect Seoul commuters’ mode choice including MaaS. A web-based survey that 161 commuters participated in was conducted to collect information about personal, household, and travel attributes, together with their mode preference for MaaS. A latent class model was developed to classify unobserved latent groups based on trip frequency by means and to identify factors influencing mode-specific utilities (in particular, MaaS service) for each class. The result shows that latent classes are divided into two groups (public transit-oriented commuters and balanced mode commuters). Most variables have significant impacts on choice for MaaS. The coefficient of MaaS choice of Class 1 and Class 2 were different. These findings suggest there is a difference between the classes according to trip frequency by means as an influencing factor in MaaS choice.

The Evolution of Public Transport Policy in Hong Kong since 1981

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Zhe Li
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Transport Services

Counting only the usable land, the population in Hong Kong is as dense as 34,000 people per square kilometer, and it has a highly efficient multi-modal public transport system. According to the experience of Hong Kong public transit system, highly reputable public transport services reveals that the the viability and sustainability of mass transit railways depend very much on accompanying transport policies and land development strategies. The ways to reduce traffic congestion from supply measures to demand management and change the transit mode from vehicle to railway are both based on Hong Kong’s actual situation. Finally this article emphasis on sustainable transport is a great experience which needs research with more in-depth thinking, and the evolution of public transport policy in Hong Kong is a good inspiration for the public transit development in the other great cities in the world.

scholarly journals Solving Traffic Congestion through Street Renaissance: A Perspective from Dense Asian Cities

Urban Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wen ◽  
Jeff Kenworthy ◽  
Xiumei Guo ◽  
Dora Marinova
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Work Related

Traffic congestion is one of the most vexing city problems and involves numerous factors which cannot be addressed without a holistic approach. Congestion cannot be narrowly tackled at the cost of a city’s quality of life. Focusing on transport and land use planning, this paper examines transport policies and practices on both the supply and demand sides and finds that indirect travel demand management might be the most desirable solution to this chronic traffic ailment. The concept of absorption of traffic demand through the renaissance of streets as a way for traffic relief is introduced from two perspectives, with some examples from dense Asian urban contexts to demonstrate this. Firstly, jobs–housing balance suggests the return of production activities to residential areas and sufficient provision of diverse space/housing options to deal with work-related traffic. The second approach is to promote the street as a multi-activity destination rather than a thoroughfare to access dispersed daily needs, and to advocate more street life to diminish non-commuting traffic. Based on this, suggestions for better transport planning policies are put forward.

scholarly journals Travel, Emissions, and Welfare Effects of Travel Demand Management Measures

1997 ◽  
Vol 1598 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline J. Rodier ◽  
Robert A. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Pricing Policies ◽  
Land Use Intensification

Land-use intensification measures and pricing policies are compared and combined with high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane and light-rail transit expansion scenarios in the Sacramento, California, region and evaluated against travel, emissions, consumer welfare, and equity criteria. A state-of-the-practice regional travel demand model is used to simulate the travel effects of these scenarios. The Small and Rosen method of obtaining consumer welfare is applied to the mode-choice models in the travel model. The most politically feasible scenarios were found to provide at best only modest improvements in congestion and emissions. Welfare losses were obtained for the HOV lane scenario, suggesting that care must be taken in project planning to ensure that savings in travel time are large enough to offset the unobserved cost of increased travel by car. Transit investment and supportive land-use intensification provided larger reductions in congestion and emissions and increased consumer welfare for all income classes. As a group, the scenarios that included pricing policies provided the greatest reduction in travel delay and emissions, increased total consumer welfare, and imposed losses on the lowest income group. However, it may be possible to combine pricing policies with more significantly expanded transit and roadway capacity and compensatory payments to increase consumer welfare for all income classes.

Modeling the Effectiveness of Infrastructure and Travel Demand Management Measures to Improve Traffic Congestion during Typhoons

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisinee Wisetjindawat ◽  
Sybil Derrible ◽  
Amirhassan Kermanshah
Keyword(s):  
Failure Probability ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Tokai Region

Many commuters find themselves stranded during natural disasters like typhoons. In the Tokai region in Japan, many road sections become heavily congested during typhoons, with some commuters reporting homebound trips taking more than four times longer than usual because of road flooding at several locations. Although large typhoons are considered extreme events (in terms of magnitude), they occur frequently (i.e., several times per year), substantiating the need for better preparedness. Nonetheless, it is impossible to predict exactly which roads are going to be flooded during a typhoon. As a result, in this study, a stochastic modeling approach was used that assigns a failure probability to each road segment based on climate model outputs for the region. Using this stochastic model, the travel time reliability between any given origin–destination pair can be determined. By applying this model to the road network of the Tokai region, two major measures were identified that could be implemented to reduce severe congestion during a typhoon. First, targeted infrastructure management measures can be implemented to strengthen heavily used roads, thus reducing the failure probability of major roads. Second, travel demand management measures can be implemented, such as asking commuters to leave their workplace or school one or two hours after their normal departure time. Overall, it was found that strengthening heavily used roads has a bigger impact in relieving congestion than delaying departure time, but that combining both strategies achieves the best results.

The Evolution of Public Transport Policy in Hong Kong since 1981

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Zhe Li
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Transport Services

Counting only the usable land, the population in Hong Kong is as dense as 34,000 people per square kilometer, and it has a highly efficient multi-modal public transport system. According to the experience of Hong Kong public transit system, highly reputable public transport services reveals that the the viability and sustainability of mass transit railways depend very much on accompanying transport policies and land development strategies. The ways to reduce traffic congestion from supply measures to demand management and change the transit mode from vehicle to railway are both based on Hong Kong’s actual situation. Finally this article emphasis on sustainable transport is a great experience which needs research with more in-depth thinking, and the evolution of public transport policy in Hong Kong is a good inspiration for the public transit development in the other great cities in the world.

scholarly journals Inferring the Purposes of using Ride-Hailing Services through Data Fusion of Trip Trajectories, Secondary Travel Surveys, and Land Use Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110035
Author(s):  
Sanjana Hossain ◽  
Khandker Nurul Habib
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Multinomial Logit ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Trip Purpose ◽  
Transit Ridership

This paper presents a data fusion methodology for inferring trip purposes from GPS trajectories of ride-hailing services in Toronto. The methodology has a discrete choice model at its core that predicts the most probable purpose distributions using only basic trip-related information such as approximate pick-up and drop-off locations, trip start times, and land use characteristics around the origins and destinations. The choice model is estimated using revealed trip purpose data from a small-sample travel survey augmented by land use information from an enhanced point of interest database and the census. The methodology is applied to the trajectories of commercial ride-hailing trips made in Toronto between September 2016 and September 2018. For the core choice model, multinomial, nested, and mixed multinomial logit models are compared. Validation of the inferred trip purposes using the trip purpose proportions from another independent survey (not used in choice model estimation) reveal that the multinomial logit model can infer ride-hailing trip purpose distribution with reasonable accuracy. The inferred purpose distribution explains the nature of ride-hailing trips and provides important context of travel demand generated by the services. The results indicate that although ride-hailing services are mostly used for discretionary activities, they also play important roles in daily commuter travel. A quarter of the total weekday ride-hailing trips were made for work- and school-related activities. With increasing ridership, these services may start influencing conventional travel modes and thereby adversely affect the level of traffic congestion and transit ridership in the city.

scholarly journals The Influence of Inflexible Work Schedules and Land Use Design on Traffic Congestion in Kigali City

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Bagenzi ◽  
Taslim Alade ◽  
Sylion Muramira
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Work Schedules ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Travel Demand Management

Travel demand is still poorly managed in Kigali city. The other research that was done on traffic congestion in Kigali city aimed to regulate the supply side of the problem. However, this study aims to regulate the demand side of traffic congestion on Kimironko- CBD, Nyanza Kicukiro- CBD, and Gisozi- CBD roads in Kigali city where inflexibility of work schedules and land use design were presented as the main issues leading to traffic congestion. The statistical results of the study did not show any strong correlation between the independent variables and the dependent variables because of the limited number of respondents that undermined the relationships and the questionnaire data collected represented peak-period only hence social-economic variables did not show any relationship with travel time as proved by other empirical studies. However, using the data from interviews, questionnaires, ArcGIS Pro, and secondary data, the study shows that there is a significant relationship between inflexible work schedules, land use design, and traffic congestion where departure time choice, commuting distance, land use mix, and connectivity has influenced significantly travel time and level of service. All the 3 roads under study are congested where Gisozi-CBD road is the most congested and Kicukiro-CBD road is the least congested. This study supports the view that traffic congestion can not only be regulated by focusing on the supply side of traffic congestion but balancing both the demand and supply side of the problem. However, travel demand management that aims to reduce unnecessary trips is the pillar to achieve sustainable mobility which focuses on the movement of people and goods rather than the movement of cars. 

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