scholarly journals Travel, Emissions, and Welfare Effects of Travel Demand Management Measures

1997 ◽  
Vol 1598 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline J. Rodier ◽  
Robert A. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Pricing Policies ◽  
Land Use Intensification

Land-use intensification measures and pricing policies are compared and combined with high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane and light-rail transit expansion scenarios in the Sacramento, California, region and evaluated against travel, emissions, consumer welfare, and equity criteria. A state-of-the-practice regional travel demand model is used to simulate the travel effects of these scenarios. The Small and Rosen method of obtaining consumer welfare is applied to the mode-choice models in the travel model. The most politically feasible scenarios were found to provide at best only modest improvements in congestion and emissions. Welfare losses were obtained for the HOV lane scenario, suggesting that care must be taken in project planning to ensure that savings in travel time are large enough to offset the unobserved cost of increased travel by car. Transit investment and supportive land-use intensification provided larger reductions in congestion and emissions and increased consumer welfare for all income classes. As a group, the scenarios that included pricing policies provided the greatest reduction in travel delay and emissions, increased total consumer welfare, and imposed losses on the lowest income group. However, it may be possible to combine pricing policies with more significantly expanded transit and roadway capacity and compensatory payments to increase consumer welfare for all income classes.

scholarly journals Impact assessment of short-term management measures on travel demand

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Jinit J. M. D’Cruz ◽  
Anu P. Alex ◽  
V. S. Manju ◽  
Leema Peter
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Travel Demand Model

Travel Demand Management (TDM) can be considered as the most viable option to manage the increasing traffic demand by controlling excessive usage of personalized vehicles. TDM provides expanded options to manage existing travel demand by redistributing the demand rather than increasing the supply. To analyze the impact of TDM measures, the existing travel demand of the area should be identified. In order to get quantitative information on the travel demand and the performance of different alternatives or choices of the available transportation system, travel demand model has to be developed. This concept is more useful in developing countries like India, which have limited resources and increasing demands. Transport related issues such as congestion, low service levels and lack of efficient public transportation compels commuters to shift their travel modes to private transport, resulting in unbalanced modal splits. The present study explores the potential to implement travel demand management measures at Kazhakoottam, an IT business hub cum residential area of Thiruvananthapuram city, a medium sized city in India. Travel demand growth at Kazhakoottam is a matter of concern because the traffic is highly concentrated in this area and facility expansion costs are pretty high. A sequential four-stage travel demand model was developed based on a total of 1416 individual household questionnaire responses using the macro simulation software CUBE. Trip generation models were developed using linear regression and mode split was modelled as multinomial logit model in SPSS. The base year traffic flows were estimated and validated with field data. The developed model was then used for improving the road network conditions by suggesting short-term TDM measures. Three TDM scenarios viz; integrating public transit system with feeder mode, carpooling and reducing the distance of bus stops from zone centroids were analysed. The results indicated an increase in public transit ridership and considerable modal shift from private to public/shared transit.

Environmental Accounting in Greater Vancouver Transportation System Planning

1997 ◽  
Vol 1601 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Peter Bein ◽  
Mike Kawczynski
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Environmental Accounting ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
System Level ◽  
User Cost ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Project Level

Transportation facility and system options for the greater Vancouver region are evaluated using the provincial guidelines for full-cost accounting. The impact of the monetized environmental accounts on the overall evaluation is presented, using facility, system option, and pricing examples from the regional plan. Within project options that are homogeneous with respect to travel demand management or modal split, environmental account values do not differ much, just as in the user cost accounts. Monetized environmental account values are two to three times smaller than the user cost in project-level cases. At the system level, in which travel demand management and modal choice are among the principal objectives, environmental benefits are decisive, whereas user benefits may be inconclusive. The estimated monetized subsidy to full costs of the automobile underpricing of personal transport has increased from 20 percent to more than 50 percent with analytical advances since 1993. Serious intangible externalities remain unmonetized, but should nevertheless be considered. Limitations of transportation demand model and data (peak spreading, 24-hr operation, and determination of vehicle speeds) require remediation for accurate environmental accounting. Fuel consumption and vehicle operating costs at low levels of service, and impacts of travel demand management on travel behavior, are decisive for system appraisals. At the project level, queueing data, level of service, and capacity must be available. Speed-and vehicle-specific emission rates are also necessary for accurate accounting at the project and system levels.

scholarly journals Urban Planning: a Game Theory Application for the Travel Demand Management

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Koryagin
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Theory Application

Urban infrastructure in the developing nations is generating a great number of environmental problems. Therefore, the problem of land distribution among road networks, parking spaces and landscaped parks is to be researched. The passenger behavior depends on traffic congestion, parking search time, public transport frequency, parking fee, etc. The travel mode choice model is described by logit function.A city territory is subdivided into three districts, residential, central and industrial, each of them trying to develop and implement the optimal policy of land use. The district criterion includes residential travel times, congestion and impacts of the parks on the environment. Any district should solve the effective land use problem while the public transport system tries to find the optimal frequency.The travel time depends on road capacity and is described by Greenshields model. The influence of parking capacity upon the parking search time is described by the BPR formula.Participants’ solutions influence one another; therefore, the coalition-free game is constructed. The existence of Nash equilibrium is proved for districts, passengers and public transport. The numerical example shows the impacts of value of time (VOT), population density and parking fee rates on districts land use.

Concept of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) and Implementation: Case Study of Pune

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 1017-1022
Author(s):  
Mr. Pranav B. Shindekar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
Indian Cities

India is one of the developing nation and fastest growing economy in the world. India is facing rapid rapid population growth and it rank second in case of population. there is urbanisation going on so people are traveling to city for better life style, result in in stress on basic amenities, life style , employment ,housing and some other basic needs .Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is gaining popularity as a tool to achieve sustainable development in india . Transit oriented Development presents unique opportunities for indian city indian cities cities to meet challenges of the urbanization, inequity, quality of urban realm and climate change. Transit Oriented Development ( TOD ) include mix land use , transportation , street design, employment, green space etc. Transit Oriented Development being scientific and integrated development process between transport planinng and land use can be effective tool for attaining sustainable urbanisation . The objectives of this study are to assess TOD plans and proposals in select Indian cities to reveal their expected benefits (Pune). The TOD regulations in cities are being assessed in terms of transit benefits, land use mix, travel demand management measures and the provision of affordable housing . Based on the case of Pune, a planning framework would be developed to arrive at TOD strategies and measures for other Indian cities . This paper studies the concept of TOD and its advantage, challenges and case study.

Linking Residential Parking to Automobile Transportation Impact Outcomes at a Development Level

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812096479
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Currans ◽  
Gabriella Abou-Zeid ◽  
Nicole Iroz-Elardo
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Alternative Mode ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Automobile Demand

Although there exists a well-studied relationship between parking policies and automobile demand, conventional practices evaluating the transportation impacts of new land development tend to ignore this. In this paper, we: (a) explore literature linking parking policies and vehicle use (including vehicle trip generation, vehicle miles traveled [VMT], and trip length) through the lens of development-level evaluations (e.g., transportation impact analyses [TIA]); (b) develop a conceptual map linking development-level parking characteristics and vehicle use outcomes based on previously supported theory and frameworks; and (c) evaluate and discuss the conventional approach to identify the steps needed to operationalize this link, specifically for residential development. Our findings indicate a significant and noteworthy dearth of studies incorporating parking constraints into travel behavior studies—including, but not limited to: parking supply, costs or pricing, and travel demand management strategies such as the impacts of (un)bundled parking in housing costs. Disregarding parking in TIAs ignores a significant indicator in automobile use. Further, unconstrained parking may encourage increases in car ownership, vehicle trips, and VMT in areas with robust alternative-mode networks and accessibility, thus creating greater demand for vehicle travel than would otherwise occur. The conceptual map offers a means for operationalizing the links between: the built environment; socio-economic and demographic characteristics; fixed and variable travel costs; and vehicle use. Implications for practice and future research are explored.

Model Calibration and Forecasts of Air Travel Demand with Categorized Household Socioeconomic Attributes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (6) ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
Jungin Kim ◽  
Ikki Kim ◽  
Jaeyeob Shim ◽  
Hansol Yoo ◽  
Sangjun Park
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Air Travel Demand ◽  
Travel Demand Model

The objectives of this study were to (1) construct an air demand model based on household data and (2) forecast future air demand to explain the relationship between air demand and individual travel behavior. To this end, domestic passenger air travel demand at Jeju Island in South Korea was examined. A multiple regression model with numerous explanatory variables was established by examining categorized household socioeconomic data that affected air demand. The air travel demand model was calibrated for 2009–2015 based on the annual average number of visits to Jeju Island by households in certain income groups. The explanatory variable was set using a dummy variable for each household income group and the proportion of airfare to GDP per capita. Higher household income meant more frequent visits to Jeju Island, which was well-represented in the model. However, the value of the coefficient for the highest income was lower than the value for the second-highest income group. This suggested that the highest income group preferred overseas travel destinations to domestic ones. The future air demand for Jeju airport was predicted as 26,587,407 passengers in 2026, with a subsequent gradual increase to approximately 33,000,000 passengers by 2045 in this study. This study proposed an air travel demand model incorporating household socioeconomic attributes to reflect individual travel behavior, which contrasts with previous studies that used aggregate data. By constructing an air travel model that incorporated socioeconomic factors as a behavioral model, more accurate and consistent projections could be obtained.

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