scholarly journals Current state and trends in the development of identification tools of the Chemical Warfare Agents in Ukraine: ways of harmonization in accordance with EU and NATO standards. Part I

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
L.A. Ustinova ◽  
V.A. Barkevych ◽  
N.V. Kurdil ◽  
R.M. Shvets ◽  
V.I. Saglo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Service ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Chemical Weapon ◽  
Chemical Hazard ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Operational Service

Relevance. Nowadays, Ukraine, where armed conflict takes place, has the highest risk of chemical hazard among countries of European region that induces the need for completing medical service and specialforces of Ukrainian Armed Forces with modern chemical-warfare reconnaissance means. Objective: analysis of modern methods for identification of chemical warfare agents and chemical-warfare reconnaissance means that are assured by the Ukrainian Armed Forces in terms of correspondence with current EU and NATO standards. Materials and methods. Analysis of domestic and foreign sources of scientific information in terms of use of chemical warfare agents and chemical weapon in modern warfare and armed conflicts was performed. Traditional methods and means for identification of chemical warfare agents were reviewed. The following methods of scientific study were applied: analytical, historical, bibliographic, systemic and informational approach. Results and discussion. Authors have performed the analysis of technical characteristics of chemical-warfare reconnaissance means and controls used in the Ukrainian Armed Forces, and have determined promising trends in retooling of outmoded devices. It has been emphasized that historical problem for Ukraine is the lack of own industrial production basis for technical modernization and development of novel devices for chemical-warfare reconnaissance, chemical analysis and appropriate consumables (indicator kits, indicator tubes, chemical reagents, etc.). Proposals are provided in terms of improvement of the abilities of the medical service for the assurance of medical protection of military servants under conditions of terrorist threats and warfightings, when an enemy uses mass destruction weapons. Authors underline that current technical chemical-warfare reconnaissance and chemical control means that are in the operational service of medical service and Special Forces of the Ukrainian Armed Forces require refitting and modernization via import phase-out of the current Soviet (Russian) pieces with analogues that are produced and are in the operational service of NATO countries. The specified way will significantly reduce time to retool the military forces and will not require special retraining of professionals. Conclusion. Modern tasks of chemical-warfare reconnaissance require principally new approach to the development of the methods and technologies for creation of the technical means basis in Ukraine that would provide the required sensitivity, efficiency and specificity in terms of identification of chemical warfare agents and chemical weapons. Key words: military toxicology, chemical weapon, identification of chemical warfare agents.

scholarly journals Current state and trends in the development of the identification tools for chemical warfare agents in Ukraine: ways of harmonization in accordance with EU and NATO standards. Part IІ

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
L.A. Ustinova ◽  
V.A. Barkevych ◽  
N.V. Kurdil ◽  
R.M. Shvets ◽  
V.I. Saglo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Chemical Weapon ◽  
Control Equipment ◽  
Modern Chemical ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Operational Service

ABSTRACT. Modern chemical-warfare (CW) reconnaissance tasks require a fundamentally new approach to the development of methods and technologies to create a database of technical means that provide the necessary sensitivity, responsiveness and specificity. This phase of the study involves chemical control equipment that is in operational service with EU and NATO armies. Objective: analysis of current international technological standards in the field of control of chemical warfare agents, which are in operational service with EU and NATO armies. Materials and Мethods. Domestic and foreign sources of scientific information, covering current issues of CBRN security in terms of chemical substances control equipment in EU and NATO countries and review of the prospects of their introduction into the arsenal of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The following methods of scientific research were applied: analytical, historical, bibliographic, systematic and informational approach, expert assessments. Results and Discussion. The analysis of foreign chemical control equipment showed that the most priority are portable gas alarms, robotic and air complexes of CW reconnaissance with the possibility of remote detection of the contaminated area, their integration into automated control systems, which provide prompt collection, processing and transfer of information on changing the chemical environment. As for modern chemical control tools in EU and NATO countries in the field of detection and identification of chemical warfare agents and hazardous chemicals, chemical, physical and chemical, biochemical and spectrometric methods are the most applied due to the speed and high reliability of the results. Currently, there is a need to equip the units of the tactical branch of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the Preventive Medicine Service of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine with a multi-purpose warning system of radiation and chemical threats. The compatibility of the warning and troop commanding system will reduce the loss of military personnel and machines during possible combat operations using weapons of mass destruction, as the systems will increase the speed of decision making on the use of individual and collective protective equipment. Conclusion. Harmonization of the standards of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with NATO standards in the field of chemical control is a complex task that requires changes in the system of standards of medical care, which include regulatory, engineering, tactical, medical, educational, and other processes. National scientific and technical potential may be the basis for the creation of new and improved technologies for the production of CW reconnaissance devices and means to indicate chemical warfare agents (CWA) for the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Keywords: military toxicology, chemical weapon, identification of chemical warfare agents.

scholarly journals The Identification of Seven Chemical Warfare Mimics Using a Colorimetric Array

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kangas ◽  
Adreanna Ernest ◽  
Rachel Lukowicz ◽  
Andres Mora ◽  
Anais Quossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Colorimetric Detection ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Methylphosphonic Acid ◽  
Mustard Gas ◽  
Sensor Performance ◽  
Warfare Agents

Chemical warfare agents pose significant threats in the 21st century, especially for armed forces. A colorimetric detection array was developed to identify warfare mimics, including mustard gas and nerve agents. In total, 188 sensors were screened to determine the best sensor performance, in order to identify warfare mimics 2-chloro ethyl ethylsulfide, 2-2′-thiodiethanol, trifluoroacetic acid, methylphosphonic acid, dimethylphosphite, diethylcyanophosphonate, and diethyl (methylthiomethyl)phosphonate. The highest loadings in the principle component analysis (PCA) plots were used to identify the sensors that were most effective in analyzing the RGB data to classify the warfare mimics. The dataset was reduced to only twelve sensors, and PCA results gave comparable results as the large data did, demonstrating that only twelve sensors are needed to classify the warfare mimics.

The Elimination of Methane Phosphonic Acid, Dimethyl Ester (DMMP) from Aqueous Solution Using 60Co-y and Electron Beam Induced Radiolysis: A Model Compound for Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Ε-Beam Process in the Destruction of Organophosphorus Chemical Warfare Agents

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Nickelsen ◽  
William J. Cooper ◽  
Kevin E. O’Shea ◽  
Martha Aguilar ◽  
David V. Kalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Dimethyl Ester ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Environmental Impact ◽  
Warfare Agents

AbstractThe stockpile of chemical warfare agents in the US is estimated at greater than 25,000 metric tons. The disposal of these chemicals poses both potential environmental impact and health risks. This issue is highly controversial because incineration has been adopted by the armed forces as the destruction method. Destruction of the stockpile by irradiation of a wkter solution is a viable alternative to incineration. Bench-scale (

scholarly journals Chemical weapon in the 20th and 21st centuries. Part 3. Organophosphorus chemical warfare agents used until the year 1970. V-group

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-163
Author(s):  
Marcin Kloske ◽  
Zygfryd Witkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Chemical Weapon ◽  
World War ◽  
Group V ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Post War

The article contains the knowledge about the V-group of organophosphorus chemical warfare agents, named nerve agents, used since their discovery until the year 1970. Group V is the second consecutive collection of CW agents and it contains a number of chemical substances, which were considered up to the year 2018, to be the most toxic chemical compounds included in the arsenal of chemical weapons. Keywords: organophosphorus toxic agents, chemical weapon, II World War, post-war period, Cold War

scholarly journals Chemical weapon in the 20th and 21st centuries. Part 1. Chemical warfare agents before G nerve agent group discovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-118
Author(s):  
Marcin Kloske ◽  
Zygfryd Witkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Chemical Weapon ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
First World ◽  
Agent Group

The publication contains a synthesis of knowledge about chemical weapon and its use during the First World War and in the period after that war, until the nerve agent discovery. It describes chemical warfare agents (CWAs) that were discovered, produced, and used on the battlefield at that time. They are referred to as the first and second CWAs generation. Keywords: chemical weapon, chemical warfare agents, World War I, interwar period

scholarly journals The Czech Armed Forces Chemical Corps Specialists’ Protection In Relation To Security Threats And Their Impacts On Some Trends Of Decontamination Development

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-872
Author(s):  
Pavel Otřísal ◽  
Zdeněk Melichařík
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Industrial Materials

Abstract Current decontamination mixtures which are established within the Czech Armed Forces are designated for decontamination of all types of surfaces and they are very often prepared by specialists with practically no knowledge related to their destructive properties. The Czech Armed Forces Chemical Corps specialists are challenged to relatively new security threats concerning fight Chemical Warfare Agents and Toxic Industrial Materials in all type of military operations. The aim of the article is to discuss some security threats and some new trends within decontamination and point to the some influences on the Czech Armed Forces Chemical Corps specialists´ personnel protection.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS AND IDENTIFICATION SPIKING CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS RELATED TO CHEMICAL WEAPON CONVENTION IN UNKNOWN WATER SAMPLES USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY ELECTRON IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Retention Indices ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Chemical Weapon ◽  
Chemical Weapon Convention ◽  
Warfare Agents

The identification and analysis of chemical warfare agents and their degradation products is one of important component for the implementation of the convention. Nowadays, the analytical method for determination chemical warfare agent and their degradation products has been developing and improving. In order to get the sufficient analytical data as recommended by OPCW especially in Proficiency Testing, the spiking chemical compounds related to Chemical Weapon Convention in unknown water sample were determined using two different techniques such as gas chromatography and gas chromatography electron-impact ionization mass spectrometry. Neutral organic extraction, pH 11 organic extraction, cation exchanged-methylation, triethylamine/methanol-silylation were performed to extract the chemical warfare agents from the sample, before analyzing with gas chromatography. The identification of chemical warfare agents was carried out by comparing the mass spectrum of chemicals with mass spectrum reference from the OPCW Central Analytical Database (OCAD) library while the retention indices calculation obtained from gas chromatography analysis was used to get the confirmation and supported data of  the chemical warfare agents. Diisopropyl methylphosphonate, 2,2-diphenyl-2-hydroacetic acid and 3-quinuclidinol were found in unknown water sample. Those chemicals were classified in schedule 2 as precursor or reactant of chemical weapons compound in schedule list of Chemical Weapon Convention.   Keywords: gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, retention indices, OCAD library, chemical warfare agents

NEUROLOGICAL FEATURES IN CHILDREN AND DIPHENYLARSINIC ACID PROBABLY DERIVED FROM CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Iwasaki ◽  
S Miyamoto ◽  
K Ishii ◽  
T Takeda ◽  
T Ohto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Neurological Features
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document