scholarly journals Effect of Conservation Tillage on Soil Chemical Properties in Rice-Maize Cropping System

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K M Saiful Islam ◽  
M A Saleque ◽  
M M Hossain ◽  
A K M Aminul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
Residue Retention

Soil organic matter, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrition of rice-maize cropping systems are important for sustaining crop productivity and food security. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of tillage practices and residue retention on soil chemical properties in rice-maize cropping system. Conventional tillage, single pass wet tillage in rice (rotated with zero tillage in maize), bed planting (unpuddled rice transplanting) and strip tillage (unpuddled rice transplanting) in vertical plots and residue retention (0, 50 and 100%) in horizontal plot were tested for three consecutive years (2009-12). Rice was grown as transplanted irrigated crop and maize as upland crop. After third crop, strip tillage increased soil organic matter compared to bed and zero tillage at 0–7.5 cm soil depth. After three years, retention of crop residues, irrespective of tillage treatments, increased soil organic matter (SOM) at 7.5–15.0 cm soil depth. Tillage practices (puddled or unpudled) showed no significant changes in SOM. Neither tillage nor residue management had any significant effect on soil pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v13i2.26589The Agriculturists 2015; 13(2) 62-73

Patterns of change in soil organic matter, physical properties and crop productivity under tillage practices and cropping systems in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD. KHAIRUL ALAM ◽  
N. SALAHIN ◽  
S. ISLAM ◽  
R. A. BEGUM ◽  
M. HASANUZZAMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices

SUMMARYConservation agriculture (CA) is inadequately developed for rice-based cropping systems widely practiced in Bangladesh. The current drawback is the implementation of CA for all crops including rice (Oryza sativaL., ecotype ‘transplanted aman’ [T. aman]) to increase rice–wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) rotation productivity. It is important to identify the best combination of tillage types and cropping systems to achieve a high yield of component crops and improve soil health. Three tillage practices, assigned to main experimental plots [namely, zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage using a rotary tiller (CT) and deep tillage using a chisel plough (DT)] and three different cropping systems, assigned to sub-plots [namely, WFT: wheat–fallow–T. aman, WMT: wheat–mungbean (Vigna radiataL. Wilczek)–T. aman and WDT: wheat–dhaincha (Sesbania rostrata)–T. aman], were tested. After 4 years, ZT under WDT and WMT significantly increased soil organic matter (SOM) at 0–150 mm depth, and these replicates also held the highest levels of total organic carbon. Soil organic carbon (C) increased at a rate of 1.17 and 1.14 t/ha/y in ZT under WDT and WMT, respectively, while CT and DT under WFT were almost unchanged. After 4 years, SOM build-up by the three-crop system (WDT and WMT) under ZT helped conserve soil moisture and improve other soil properties, such as reduction in soil strength and bulk density and increase plant available water content, thus maintaining an optimum soil water infiltration rate. Zero tillage under WMT and WDT showed significant improvements in root mass density of rice and wheat at increased soil depth. The WDT and WMT plots under DT consistently gave the highest yield followed by WDT and WMT under CT, in contrast with ZT under WMT or WDT, which showed the highest improvement in crop yields over the years. In summary, minimum soil disturbance together with incorporation of a legume/green manure crop into the rice–wheat system as well as the retention of their residues increased soil C status, improved soil properties and maximized grain yields.

scholarly journals Soil Chemical Properties under Conservation Agriculture and Cereal-Based Cropping System in Eastern Tarai of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Shukra Raj Shrestha ◽  
Jiban Shrestha ◽  
Sanjeet Kumar Jha ◽  
Dinesh Khadka ◽  
Prakash Paneru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Total N

Field experiments were conducted for four years (2014-2017) at five locations namely Salbani, Bhokraha, Simariya, Bhaluwa and Kaptanganj of Sunsari district to assess the changes in soil chemical properties under conservation agriculture (CA)-based practices in two cropping systems namely rice-kidney bean-maize at Salbani and rice-wheat at rest of the locations. In rice-wheat cropping system, there were four treatments: (1) conventional tillage (CT) for rice transplantation and subsequent wheat sowing, (2) conventional tillage rice transplantation followed by zero tillage (ZT) wheat, (3) unpuddled rice transplantation followed by zero tillage wheat, (4) zero tillage in both rice and wheat. Similarly, in rice-kidney bean-maize cropping system, there were four treatments; (1) conventional tillage for rice transplantation and sowing of both kidney bean and maize, (2) conventional tillage rice transplantation followed by zero tillage in both kidney bean and maize, (3) unpuddled rice transplantation followed by zero tillage in both kidney bean and maize, (4) zero tillage in all three crops. Soil samples were taken at initial and every year after rice harvest.The soil samples were analyzed for total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH and soil organic matter.Total nitrogen (N) showed a slightly decreasing trend in the first three years and showed a slight increase at the end of experiment under ZT in all locations. The total N under ZT changed from 0.12 to 0.13%, 0.05 to 0.06%, 0.10 to 0.12%, 0.11 to 0.08% and 0.09 to 0.13% in Salbani, Bhokraha, Simariya, Bhaluwa and Kaptanganj, respectively.  All locations showed the positive values of available potassium; Salbani  revealing considerable change of 64.3 to 78.5 mg/kg in CT while 68.4 to 73.3 mg/kg in ZT condition. The treatment where rice was transplanted in unpuddled condition and zero tilled to wheat, had a mean value of available phosphorus and potassium as 87.3 and 81.9 mg/kg respectively. Soil pH ranged from 4.8 to 7.1 in CT while it was 5.2 to 6.8 in ZT across the locations. The change in soil organic matter in CT of all locations except Salbani was narrower as compared to ZT.

scholarly journals Effect of Tillage, Residue Management and Cropping System on the Properties of Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibek Thapa ◽  
Keshab Raj Pande ◽  
Baburam Khanal ◽  
Santosh Marahatta
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Residue Removal ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Residue Retention

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of tillage practices, residue management and cropping system on soil properties at NMRP, Rampur, Chitwan from November 2015 to April 2016. The experiment was laid on Strip split design with combination of 12 different treatments i.e, zero tillage & conventional tillage as main plot in the strip, residue retention & residue removal as sub-plot factor and maize – wheat, maize + soybean – wheat & soybean – wheat cropping system as sub-sub plot factor. Three replications of the treatments were made. Soil sample before experiment and after harvest of wheat was taken (0-15cm). The experiment showed significant effect of zero tillage on organic carbon (2.169%) and on total soil nitrogen (0.112 %). Zero tillage with retention of residues is valuable tool for the conservation agriculture and helps in sustainability of soil however long-term research for the tillage management and residue retention should be conducted to highlight the major effects on change in properties of soil.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 164-168 

Tillage effects on the dynamics of total and corn-residue-derived soil organic matter in two southern Ontario soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Wanniarachchi ◽  
R. P. Voroney ◽  
T. J. Vyn ◽  
R. P. Beyaert ◽  
A. F. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Loam Soil

Agricultural management practices affect the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) by influencing the amount of plant residues returned to the soil and rate of residue and SOM decomposition. Total organic C and δ13C of soil were measured in two field experiments involving corn cropping to determine the effect of tillage practices on SOM dynamics. Minimum tillage (MT) and no tillage (NT) had no significant impact on the soil C compared with conventional tillage (CT) in the 0- to 50-cm soil depth sampled at both sites. Continuous corn under MT and CT for 29 yr in a silt loam soil sequestered 61–65 g m−2 yr−1 of corn-derived C (C4-C), and it accounted for 25–26% of the total C in the 0- to 50-cm depth. In a sandy loam soil cropped to corn for 6 yr, SOM contained 10 and 8.4% C4-C under CT and NT, respectively. Reduced tillage practices altered the distribution of C4-C in soil, causing the surface (0–5 cm) soil of reduced tillage (MT and NT) plots to have higher amounts of C4-C compared to CT. Tillage practices did not affect the turnover of C3-C in soil. Key words: Soil organic matter, 13C natural abundance, tillage practices

Effect of Tillage and Cover Crop on Fluometuron Adsorption and Degradation under Controlled Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake A. Brown ◽  
Robert M. Hayes ◽  
Donald D. Tyler ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
No Till

Fluometuron adsorption and degradation were determined in soil collected at three depths from no-till + no cover, conventional-till + no cover, no-till + vetch cover, and conventional-till + vetch cover in continuous cotton. These combinations of tillage + cover crop + soil depth imparted a range of organic matter and pH to the soil. Soil organic matter and pH ranged from 0.9 to 2.5% and from 4.7 to 6.5, respectively. Fluometuron adsorption was affected by soil depth, tillage, and cover crop. In surface soils (0 to 4 cm), fluometuron adsorption was greater in no-till + vetch plots than in conventional-tilled + no cover plots. Soil adsorption of fluometuron was positively correlated with organic matter content and cation exchange capacity. Fluometuron degradation was not affected by adsorption, and degradation empirically fit a first-order model. Soil organic matter content had no apparent effect on fluometuron degradation rate. Fluometuron degradation was more rapid at soil pH > 6 than at pH ≤ 5, indicating a potential shift in microbial activity or population due to lower soil pH. Fluometuron half-life ranged from 49 to 90 d. These data indicate that tillage and cover crop may affect soil dissipation of fluometuron by altering soil physical and chemical properties that affect fluometuron degrading microorganisms or bioavailability.

The effect of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) on soil organic matter biodegradation and other soil chemical properties

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (13) ◽  
pp. 2416-2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Chouliaras ◽  
Fotios Gravanis ◽  
Ioannis Vasilakoglou ◽  
Nikolaos Gougoulias ◽  
Ioannis Vagelas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties

Three long-term trials end with a quasi-equilibrium between soil C, N, and pH: an implication for C sequestration

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Conyers ◽  
Philip Newton ◽  
Jason Condon ◽  
Graeme Poile ◽  
Pauline Mele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Quasi Equilibrium ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
N Fertility

The aim of this study was to assess the long-term changes in some key soil chemical properties at the completion of three long-term trials in south-eastern Australia and the relationship between those soil properties. From a soil organic matter perspective, the build-up of carbon (%C) requires an accumulation of nitrogen (%N), and the build-up of %C and %N fertility comes at the cost of soil acidity. Rotation, tillage, and stubble practices combine to alter the quantity, quality (C : N), and the depth distribution of organic matter in a soil, but the three soil chemical properties reported here seem to also be in quasi-equilibrium at the three long-term sites. The consequence is that if the build-up of soil organic matter leads to soil acidification, then the maintenance of agricultural production will require liming. The emission of CO2 when limestone reacts with soil acids, plus the C cost of limestone application, will negate a proportion of the gains from C sequestration as organic matter in soil. Such cautionary information was doubtless unforeseen when these three long-term trials were initiated.

Carbon sequestration in a Brown Chernozem as affected by tillage and rotation

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
B. G. McConkey ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
F. B. Dyck ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C And N

Soil organic matter is important because it influences the productivity and physical well-being of soils. Recently, increased attention has focussed on soil organic matter as a possible sink for C02-C. Despite this interest, there is a lack of data for quantifying the effect of tillage on soil organic matter. Between 1981 and 1994, two tillage experiments were conducted at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, on Swinton loam, an Orthic Brown Chernozemic soil. Organic C and N were monitored periodically to quantify the effects of crop rotation [continuous spring wheat (Cont W) (Triticum aestivum L.) vs. fallow–wheat (F-W)] and tillage management [no-tillage (NT) vs. conventional tillage (CT) involving primarily use of a cultivator and rodweeder]. The effect of snow management on soil organic matter was also evaluated in one experiment, but this factor was not significant. Organic matter changes were mainly observed in the 0- to 7.5-cm soil depth. Carbon and N were greater in both concentrations and amounts in Cont W than in F–W; the latter cropping system was employed on this land during the previous 70–80 yr. In the 0- to 7.5-cm depth, the amount of organic matter was only moderately greater in NT than CT in the Cont W systems while in the F-W systems tillage was not significant (P > 0.10). During the 12-yr period, Cont W (average of NT and CT) gained about 2 t ha−1 more C in the top 15 cm of soil than F-W (average of NT and CT), with most of the increase occurring in the first 5 yr. Further, Cont W (NT) gained about 1.5 t ha−1 more C than Cont W (CT), and F-W (NT) gained about 0.5 t ha−1 more than F-W (CT). When a system that was maintained as Cont W (NT) for 9 yr was changed to Cont W (CT) for 3 yr and then summerfallowed (CT) for 1 yr, soil organic matter declined (P < 0.05). Our observations, supported by calculations based on crop residue production, indicated that an increase in organic C, averaging about 0.4–0.5 t ha−1 yr−1, has occurred in the top 15 cm of soil in Cont W (NT) between 1982 and 1993. However, because of uncertainty in our estimated C levels at the start of the experiment, the nature of the rate of C increase (linear or curvilinear) is not known. Key words: Organic C, organic N, no-till, summerfallow

scholarly journals Effect of Tillage Practices on Soil Properties and Crop Productivity in Wheat-Mungbean-Rice Cropping System under Subtropical Climatic Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Khairul Alam ◽  
Md. Monirul Islam ◽  
Nazmus Salahin ◽  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Total N ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Positive Effects

This study was conducted to know cropping cycles required to improve OM status in soil and to investigate the effects of medium-term tillage practices on soil properties and crop yields in Grey Terrace soil of Bangladesh under wheat-mungbean-T.amancropping system. Four different tillage practices, namely, zero tillage (ZT), minimum tillage (MT), conventional tillage (CT), and deep tillage (DT), were studied in a randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replications. Tillage practices showed positive effects on soil properties and crop yields. After four cropping cycles, the highest OM accumulation, the maximum root mass density (0–15 cm soil depth), and the improved physical and chemical properties were recorded in the conservational tillage practices. Bulk and particle densities were decreased due to tillage practices, having the highest reduction of these properties and the highest increase of porosity and field capacity in zero tillage. The highest total N, P, K, and S in their available forms were recorded in zero tillage. All tillage practices showed similar yield after four years of cropping cycles. Therefore, we conclude that zero tillage with 20% residue retention was found to be suitable for soil health and achieving optimum yield under the cropping system in Grey Terrace soil (Aeric Albaquept).

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