scholarly journals Comparative Efficacy of Nebulized 7% Hypertonic Saline versus 0.9% Normal Saline with Salbutamol in Children with Acute Bronchiolitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
Md Abid Hossain Mollah ◽  
Rokeya Khanam ◽  
Abu Sayeed Chowdhury ◽  
Md Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Clinical Severity Score ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Acute bronchiolitis is an acute viral lower respiratory tract infection of infants and is the leading cause of hospitalization of infants below 2 years of age. Being a viral disease, there is no effective treatment of this problem other than supportive care. To provide this care, both 0.9% normal saline with salbutamol and 3% hypertonic saline has been found effective. This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of 7% hypertonic saline on recovery from acute bronchiolitis. Methodology: This was a randomized controlled trial, carried out in the Department of Paediatrics, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Bangladesh between January 2015 to December 2015. A total of 90 children from 1 month to 2 years of age of either sex who were diagnosed and admitted as acute bronchiolitis were enrolled. After enrollment, they were randomly assigned to either 7% nebulized hypertonic saline (Group-I = 45) or to 0.9% nebulized normal saline with salbutamol (Group-II = 45). The efficacy was determined by assessing clinical severity score and length of hospital stay. Data were analyzed using computer software SPSS version 19. Result: In this study the two groups were almost similar with respect to their demographic and baseline clinical severity score. After intervention the clinical severity score of both treatment modalities were reduced (Group-I(HS) were 7.9, 6.8, 3.8, 1.4, 1.33 while in Group-II(NS+ Salbutamol) score were 8.6, 7.6, 4.9, 3.11, 2.12) but the reduction was significant more in children who received 7% nebulized hypertonic saline than those who received 0.9% nebulized normal saline with salbutamol. Majority 42(93.3%) of group-I(HS) children recovered at the end of 72 hours whereas 17(37.8%) of the children of group-II (NS+ Salbutamol) recovered from the disease during the same period. Length of hospital stay was shorter in hypertonic saline group compared to normal saline with salbutamol group (56.36±12.33 hours vs71.07±13.48 hours, p<.001). The patients of hypertonic saline group required a shorter duration of oxygen therapy compared to normal saline with salbutamol group (12.53±3.58) hours vs (20.25± 4.15) hours, (p=0.009). Conclusion: 7% hypertonic saline was found more effective than 0.9% normal saline with salbutamol in terms of reducing clinical severity, length of hospital stays and duration of oxygen therapy. Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (2) :80-84

scholarly journals Efficacy of nebulised L-adrenaline with 3% hypertonic saline versus normal saline in bronchiolitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Shabnam Sharmin ◽  
Laila Helaly ◽  
Zakir Hossain Sarker ◽  
Ruhul Amin ◽  
Shafi Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Clinical Severity Score ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Bronchiolitis is one of the most common respiratory diseases requiring hospitalization. Nebulized epineph­rine and salbutamol therapy has been used in different centres with varying results. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of nebulised adrenaline diluted with 3% hypertonic saline with nebulised adrenaline diluted with normal saline in bronchiolitis. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Fifty three infants and young children with bronchiolitis, age ranging from 2 months to 2 years, presenting in the emergency department of Manikganj Sadar Hospital were enrolled in the study. After initial evaluation, patients were randomized to receive either nebulized adrenaline I .5 ml ( 1.5 mg) diluted with 2 ml of3% hypertonic saline (group I) ornebulised adrenaline 1.5 ml (1.5 mg) diluted with 2 ml of normal saline (group II). Patients were evaluated again 30 minutes after nebulization. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Twenty eight patients in the group I (hypertonic saline) and twenty five in groupII (normal saline) were included in the study. After nebulization, mean respiratory rate decreased from 63.7 to 48.1 (p&lt;.01), mean clinical severity score decreased from 8.5 to 3.5 (p&lt;.01) and mean oxygen satw·ation increased 94.7% to 96.9% (p&lt;.01) in group I. In group II, mean respiratory rate decreased from 62.4 to 47.4 (p&lt;.01), mean clinical severity score decreased from 7.2 to 4.1 (p&lt;.01) and mean oxygen saturation increased from 94. 7% to 96. 7% (p&lt;.01). Mean respiratory rate decreased by 16 in group I versus 14.8 (p&gt;.05) in group 11, mean clinical severity score decreased by 4.6 in group versus 3 (p&lt;.05) in group, and mean oxygen saturation increased by 2.2% and 1.9% in group and group respectively. Difference in reduction in clinical severity score was statistically significant , though the changes in respiratory rate and oxygen saturation were not statistically significant. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study concluded that both nebulised adrenaline diluted with 3% hypertonic saline and nebulised adrenaline with normal saline are effective in improving respiratory rate, clinical severity score and oxygen saturation in infants with bronchiolitis; and nebulised adrenaline with hypertonic saline is more effective than nebulised adrenaline with normal saline in improving clinical severity score in bronchiolitis.</p>

scholarly journals Comparative Efficacy of Nebulized 3% Hypertonic Saline versus 0.9% Normal Saline in Children with Acute Bronchiolitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khandaker Tarequl Islam ◽  
Abid Hossan Mollah ◽  
Abdul Matin ◽  
Mahmuda Begum
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Acute bronchiolitis is leading cause of hospitalization in infants below 2 years of age. Bronchiolitis being a viral disease, there is no effective treatment. 3% nebulized hypertonic saline and 0.9% nebulized normal saline are often used, although there is disagreement over their efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 3% hypertonic saline in children with acute bronchiolitis in reducing clinical severity and length of hospital stay. Methodology: A randomized control trial carried out in the Department of Pediatrics, Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January 2013 to December 2013.Ninty children from 1 month to 2 years of age hospitalized with clinical bronchiolitis were randomized to receive 3% nebulized hypertonic saline(Group-I) or 0.9% nebulized normal saline (Group-II). Nebulization was done 8 hourly until discharge. Outcome variable were clinical severity score, duration of oxygen therapy and length of hospital stay. Results: Baseline clinical severity score and O2 saturation were in group-I 9.0±1.0 and 94.9±1.7 and in group- II 9.3±1.8 and 94.6±2.6 respectively (p>0.05). At 72 hours, the mean severity score for the group-I was 1.64±0.99 and that for the group-II was 3.0 ± 1.48 (95% CI -2.17 to - 0.53, p=0.002). The cases of group-I required a shorter duration of oxygen therapy compared to those of group-II (15.0±6.0 hours vs 26.4±5.37 hours, 95% CI -20.35 to -2.44, p<0.05). Forty two (93.3%) of the group-I children recovered by the end of72 hours and discharged whereas 26 (57.8%) of the group-II children recovered during the same period (p<0.05). Length of hospital stay was shorter in group-I compared to group-II (58.1±22.0 hours vs 74.7±27.2 hours, 95% CI -26.89 to- 6.17, p=0.002). None of the cases encountered any side-effects. Conclusion: Nebulization with 3% hypertonic saline significantly reduced clinical severity, length of hospital stay and duration of oxygen therapy in case of acute bronchiolitis in comparison to 0.9% normal saline and was safe. Bangladesh J Child Health 2018; VOL 42 (3) :130-137

scholarly journals Comparative Efficacy of Nebulized 7% Hypertonic Saline versus 3% Hypertonic Saline in Children with Acute Bronchiolitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
Md Abid Hossain Mollah ◽  
Tafazzal Hossain Khan ◽  
Chandan Kumar Shaha ◽  
Md Zahir Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I

Background: Acute bronchiolitis is an acute viral lower respiratory tract infection in early childhood and is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants below 2 years of age. Being a viral disease, there is no effective treatment of this problem other than supportive care. To provide this care, both 3% hypertonic saline and 7% hypertonic saline has been used and found effective. However, which option is more effective to reduce clinical severity and length of hospital stay, still remain unsettled.Objective: To determined the efficacy of 7% hypertonic saline in children with acute bronchiolitis.Methodology: The study was a randomized controlled trial and carried out in the Department of Paediatrics, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka between January 2015 to December 2016. A total of 135 children from 1 month to 2 years of age irrespective of sex with clinical presentation of acute bronchiolitis admitted in the paediatrics ward of DMCH were included in the study and were randomly assigned to either 7% nebulized hypertonic saline (Group-I = 45) or to 3% nebulized hypertonic saline (Group-II = 90) in ratio (1:2). The main outcome variables were clinical severity score and length of hospital stay. The outcome was evaluated at 12 hourly and 24 hourly intervals till discharge (up to 120 hours)Result: In this study both groups were almost similar with respect to their demographic characteristics like age and sex and baseline clinical characteristics. The study demonstrated that respiratory rate score, wheezing score, retraction score, general condition score and clinical severity score of both treatment modalities were reduced. Children of group-I(7% HS) 40(88.9%) recovered at the end of 72 hours where as 67(74.4%) of the children of group-II(3% HS) recovered from the disease during the same period. Length of hospital stay was shorter in 7% hypertonic saline group compared to 3% hypertonic saline group (56.36±16.33 hours vs63.07±21.48 hours, p=.067). The patients of 7% hypertonic saline group required a shorter duration of oxygen therapy compared to 3% hypertonic saline group (16.53±3.98) hours vs (20.25± 4.15) hours, (p=0.109) respectively.Conclusion: Nebulized 7% hypertonic saline as well as 3% hypertonic saline both were effective in acute bronchiolitis and found no significant difference in efficacy between these options in terms of reducing clinical severity, length of hospital stay and duration of oxygen therapy. No side effect were observed in either group.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.2, October, 2017, Page 153-156

scholarly journals Hypertonic saline versus normal saline nebulization in hospitalized children with acute bronchiolitis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2734-2738
Author(s):  
Maleeha Saleem ◽  
Maria Saleem ◽  
Asim Khurshid
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objectives: To compare mean length of hospital stay (LOHS) after treatment with nebulized hypertonic saline (HS) versus normal saline (NS) in hospitalized children with acute bronchiolitis (AB). Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Setting: Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children’s Hospital and Institute of the Child Health, Multan. Period: July 2018 to January 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 206 hospitalized children having AB were enrolled. Group A (n=103) was nebulized with 2 ml of 3 % HS while group B (n=103) was nebulized with 2 ml of 0.9% saline solution. Clinical severity score was calculated daily to monitor progress of patients. Patients were discharged from hospital with clinical severity score of 4 or less and length of hospital stay was noted. Results: Overall, mean age was 5.83±4.48 months. Among 206 patients 139 (67.5%) were males and 67 (32.5%) females. Mean duration of disease was noted to be 3.57+2.2 days. In Group-A, mean LOHS was 36.29+18.4 hours in comparison to 39.15+16.1 hours in Group B (p-value = 0.2365). Conclusion: Nebulized HS 3% and NS 0.9% were not found to have any significant advantage over each other in terms of LOHS among hospitalized children having acute bronchiolitis.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of nebulised 3% saline versus nebulised 0.9% saline in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1182
Author(s):  
Pragalatha Kumar A. ◽  
Indhuja Rajarathinam ◽  
Aruna Gowdra
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Clinical Severity Score ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Acute bronchiolitis is the most common respiratory tract infection in young children. Despite the high prevalence of acute bronchiolitis, no consensus exists on the management. Studies have shown that except oxygen therapy, no other treatment found to be effective. Hence, the present study was conducted to find out the efficacy of nebulised 3% saline versus is 0.9% saline for the treatment of acute bronchiolitis.Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study of 150 children between the age group of 2 months to 24 months with signs and symptoms of Acute Bronchiolitis admitted to Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore from January 2016 to December 2016 formed the study group, they were randomized into 2 groups, one received 3% saline nebulization and the other received 0.9% saline.Results: A total of 150 children were enrolled in the study, 75 children (group A) received 0.9% saline and 75 children (group B) received 3% saline. At 24 hours, the mean clinical severity score for group A was 2.49±1.03 and group B was 2.16±0.49 (P=0.013). The duration of hospital stay was shorter (1-3 days) in 3% saline with a mean of 2.35 days and was longer (3-5 days) in 0.9% saline with mean value of 4.04 days which was statistically significant (p <0.001).Conclusions: 3% saline nebulization can be used as an effective treatment for acute bronchiolitis. It significantly reduced the clinical severity score and length of hospital stay compared to 0.9% normal saline.

scholarly journals Epidural Fentanyl and Fentanyl Plus Magnesium for Post-Operative Analgesia in Lower Extremity Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Ajay Babu Ramakrishnan ◽  
S. Ankalagowri Sankardevar ◽  
Nischala Reddy G ◽  
Uthkala B Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Epidural Fentanyl ◽  
Sensory Level ◽  
Group I ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

Background: The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of epidural fentanyl with a combination of epidural fentanyl and magnesium in lower extremity surgery. Subjects and Methods : This study was conducted on 100 ASA I/II patients scheduled to undergo elective lower limb orthopedic surgeries. Group I patients received epidural fentanyl 50 µg (1cc) diluted and made up to 6cc with normal saline. Group II patients received epidural fentanyl 50 µg (1cc)+ Magnesium sulphate 50mg (4 units in insulin syringe of 50% solution) diluted and made up to 6cc with normal saline. Patient data such as indication for surgery, the anesthetic details, intraoperative monitoring, post-operative follow-up, etc was recorded. Results: Each group had 36 males and 14 females. Time is taken for the highest sensory level in group I was 13.92 4.50 minutes and 12.24  3.43 minutes in groups I and II respectively. The mean duration of surgery was 99.00  13.31 minutes in group I and 92.20   15.21   in group II. Time for Regression to L1 was 118.80 13.41 and 119.60 17.85 minutes in group I and II respectively. The duration of analgesia (min) was 107.00 25.82 and 143.40 39.57 minutes in group I and II respectively. Common adverse events were nausea/ vomiting seen 2 in group I and 4 in group II and urinary retention seen 0 in group I and 2 in group II. The difference was non- significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Authors found that the addition of magnesium sulfate to epidural fentanyl for elective lower limb orthopedic surgeries has prolonged the duration of fentanyl analgesia without any significant side effects.

scholarly journals Is Magnesium Sulfate Treatment Really Effective in Moderate to Severe Bronchiolitis?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
İlknur Bodur ◽  
Ayla Akca Caglar ◽  
Aysun Tekeli ◽  
Ali Güngör ◽  
Muhammed Mustafa Güneylioglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supportive Care ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Intravenous Magnesium ◽  
Group I ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Group Ii

Objectives: The aim of our study is to examine the efficacy and safety of intravenous magnesium sulfate in moderate-severe acute bronchiolitis. Working hypothesis: Intravenous magnesium sulfate treatment may be effective in the treatment of patients with bronchiolitis . Study design: Retrospective, single-center cohort study Methodology: We conducted a study in 150 infants presenting with moderate to severe acute bronchiolitis. A total of 150 infants aged 1 month to 2 years who presented with acute bronchiolitis to our pediatric emergency department between January 2018 and March 2019 were admitted into the study. The demographic characteristics, clinical score, and management of the patients were examined. Results: A total of 150 infants were analyzed: 62 in the magnesium sulfate group (Group I) and 88 in the supportive care group (Group II). Baseline clinical characteristics were similar in both groups. Length of hospitalization was significantly shorter in Group II. Clinical severity scores were also lower significantly earlier in Group I (p=0.031, p=0.008, respectively at first and fourth hour). Conclusions: Intravenous magnesium treatment in moderateto severe acute bronchiolitis does not appear to conferany significant decrease in clinical severity scores when compared to only supportive care

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF SERUM SODIUM, SERUM POTASSIUM, AND BLOOD HEMOGLOBIN CHANGES AFTER TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF THE PROSTATE BETWEEN IRRIGATION WITH NORMAL SALINE AND STERILE WATER

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wikan Kurniawan ◽  
Trisula Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Group I ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Objective: This study aims to know whether there are significant differences of blood sodium, potassium and hemoglobin level among patients post TURP who was irrigated by using normal saline and the sterile water. Material & Method: This is a single blind randomized clinical trial study performed from September 1, 2008 until August 31, 2009. Thirty-one subjects participated in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups, 14 subjects for normal saline (group I) irrigation and 17 subjects for sterilized water irrigation (group II). Results: There are statistically differences (p < 0,05) between hemoglobin concentrations changes in group I, and hemoglobin and sodium concentration changes in group II. There were no statistically differences (p > 0,05) in sodium and potassium changes in group I and potassium in group II. There are no statistically differences in hemoglobin, sodium, and potassium changes among two groups. Conclusion: Normal saline irrigant for irrigation after TURP give more stable post operative electrolyte profile compared to sterilized water. Keywords: TUR prostate, irrigation, serum sodium, potassium level differences.

scholarly journals Bilateral Nephrectomy in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Chronic Renal Failure

Nephron ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Lubennikov ◽  
Nicolay V. Petrovskii ◽  
German E. Krupinov ◽  
Evgeniy M. Shilov ◽  
Roman N. Trushkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Large Bowel ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Bowel Injury ◽  
Polycystic Kidney ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney ◽  
End Stage

<b><i>Background:</i></b> In patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and end-stage kidney disease, bilateral nephrectomy (BN) is currently performed predominantly via the laparoscopic approach. We analysed the results of BN depending on the approach and preoperative and perioperative factors. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> This was a single-centre retrospective study carried out from April 2010 to March 2020, including a total of 142 patients presenting with ADPKD who were treated by BN. Of these, 108 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected to analyse the results. We compared therapeutic outcomes depending on the surgical approach (laparotomy or laparoscopy) and the type of the operation (emergent or elective). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 108 eligible patients, 36 (group I) underwent laparoscopic BN and the remaining 72 patients (group II) were subjected to midline laparotomy. Sixty-nine patients underwent elective surgery and 39 endured emergent operations. The most frequent indications (87 patients, 80.6%) for surgical treatment were urinary tract infection and infected cysts. The median length of hospital stay for group I and group II patients amounted to 8 days (IQR: 7.5–9) and 12.5 days (IQR: 9–16.5), respectively (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). However, comparing the patients operated on electively, the actual difference in the length of hospital stay was inconsiderable: median 8 days (IQR: 7–9) in group I and 9 days (IQR: 9–11.5) in group II. The median duration of the operation was significantly (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) longer in group I amounting to 217.5 min (IQR: 197.5–305) than in group II equalling 115 min (IQR: 107.5–145). The frequency of postoperative complications, lethal outcomes, and blood loss volume did not statistically significantly differ depending on the surgical approach. Only patients operated on emergency underwent releparotomy due to intraoperative large bowel injury. Lethal outcomes (<i>n</i> = 18, 16.7%) after surgery were observed only in emergent patients. Sepsis prior to surgery, systemic inflammation response syndrome (SIRS) with the CRP level above 173 mg/mL, prolonged preoperative antibacterial therapy, and undiagnosed large bowel injury were associated with a lethal outcome after BN. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The results of open and laparoscopic BN in elective surgery were comparable. Emergency operations for infected renal cysts and SIRS were associated with increased incidence of large bowel injury and lethal outcomes.

TO COMPARE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NEBULISATION WITH ADRENALINE, 3% HYPERTONIC SALINE AND NORMAL SALINE IN BRONCHIOLITIS IN CHILDREN OF 2 TO 24 MONTHS OF AGE BASED ON CLINICAL SEVERITY SCORE AND NEBULISATION FREQUENCY.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Jain ◽  
Rakesh Jain
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
P Value ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background & Method: We conducted a double blinded study at Index Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Indore. The sample size was determined to be minimum of 120 cases as based upon previous years admission due to acute bronchiolitis. Initially, 146 cases were included in the study out of which 23 cases dropped out of the study after giving consent by guardian for participation in the study as they left against medical advice from the hospital. Result: The mean difference of CSS between 0 minutes to 60 minutes of nebulisation between groups in all cases was 0.4 ± 0.6, between 60 minutes and 4 hours was 0.8 ± 0.6, between 4 to 8 hours was 0.7 ± 0.6, between 8-12 hours was 0.6 ± 0.4, between 12-24 hours was 1.6 ± 0.9 and between 24-48 hours was 1.9 ± 0.9.The mean values and resultant p-value of ANOVA of various nebulising agents used for improvement in CSS shows significant association between various nebulising agents used along with improvement in CSS at the end of assessment at 48 hours of treatment. Conclusion: This study was conducted to establish the efficacy of each nebulisation agent (i.e.  adrenaline, 3% hypertonic saline and normal saline) currently used and compare the outcomes as there is not enough evidence amongst Indian population on level of efficacy of each drug in causing improvement in symptoms and signs in various severities of bronchiolitis in early childhood. Comparison of significant improvement in mean difference in CSS at various intervals in all cases compared between groups by post hoc test revealed non-significant difference (p-value 0.700) between 3% hypertonic saline and normal saline. Keywords: nebulisation, adrenaline, bronchiolitis & clinical.

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