scholarly journals Informed Consent for Dental Treatment: A Survey on Dental Practitioners’ Perception, Awareness and Understanding

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
MAI Khan ◽  
A Taleb

A survey was conducted on dental surgeons’ perception of ethics concerning informed consent. Forty-six dentists employed in different private and government dental colleges and private dental clinics, responded to a questionnaire, which contained ten questions related to the ethics of informed consent. The Study revealed that the dentists were aware of legal and ethical issues related to informed consent, and majority of them relied on verbal consent (82.6%) rather than a written consent for any form of treatment. All the dentists (100%) agreed to the importance of informed consent for patients, and almost all the participants (97%) agreed that patients hold the right to refuse treatment or take legal action if they were not informed properly, although 19% of the participants did not consider failure in obtaining informed consent as an offence. Sixty-three percent of the participants did not agree to the notion that a written consent would make dentistry difficult while the remaining 37% feared that dentistry would be difficult if written consent was made mandatory. The survey also revealed that participants were keen to learn more about principles of medical ethics and felt ethics be taught more elaborately in the undergraduate level. In conclusion it was suggested that dentists should obtain a written consent for ethical reason or legal safeguard or at least keep a written account of the type of consent given by the patient.DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.3329/bjdre.v2i2.16241 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.2(2) 2012: 31-35

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Tuviah Zabow

One of the challenges of medical practice is to resolve the conflicts that arise when a professional is required to choose between competing ethical principles. This is especially true in psychiatry. The answers to ethical issues are not necessarily right or wrong. Ethics in psychiatry is complex, and numerous dilemmas may confuse the picture. Clinicians and researchers bring their own values to the scenario, but they must also deal with the values of their colleagues and their patients, as well as those of the wider (multicultural) community. These conflicts traditionally concern confidentiality, informed consent, involuntary hospitalisation, the right to treatment, the right to refuse treatment and the regulation of psychiatric research, among others. These are universally encountered but present differently across the regions of the world.


Author(s):  
Jessica W. Berg ◽  
Paul S. Appelbaum ◽  
Charles W. Lidz ◽  
Lisa S. Parker

From its inception, the law of informed consent has been based on two premises: first, that a patient has the right to receive sufficient information to make an informed choice about the treatment recommended; and second, that the patient may choose to accept or to decline the physician’s recommendation. The legitimacy of this second premise should be underscored because it is too often belied by the everyday language of medical practice. Getting a consent is medical jargon that implies that patient agreement is the only acceptable outcome. Indeed, the term informed consent itself suggests that patients are expected to agree to be treated rather than to decline treatment. Unless patients are viewed as having the right to say no, as well as yes, and even yes with conditions, much of the rationale for informed consent evaporates. Nonetheless, the medical profession’s reaction to patients who refuse treatment often has been less than optimal. The right to refuse treatment is frequently ignored in practice because it is inconsistent with the history and ethos of medicine (1,2). Physicians are trained to treat illness and to prolong life; situations in which they cannot do either—not because of limitations of knowledge or technology, but because patients or third parties reject their recommendations for care—evoke profound feelings of frustration and even anger. It would not be too much to suggest that these confrontations challenge an essential element of the medical identity. Physicians’ reactions to these situations are varied. Some will contend with patients over their refusal, while others, having assimilated a distorted version of patients’ right to refuse treatment, may too quickly abandon their patients to the consequences of their choices, thereby depriving them of the guidance for which patients traditionally have turned to their physicians. Regardless of the quality of care offered to patients or the degree of concern of those who treat them, some patients will have reasons of their own to decline treatment. Before considering how clinicians might respond to these situations, this chapter reviews the status of the law regarding treatment refusal, surveying a legal landscape that has seen dramatic changes in the last decade.


2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Ferioli ◽  
Mario Picozzi

La richiesta di istituire biobanche oggi diventa sempre più impellente. Una biobanca è una struttura dove si raccolgono per un tempo lungo materiale biologico e dati di natura biomedica correlati al campione, che può provenire sia da pazienti che da cittadini. Da un lato si riconosce il ruolo che le biobanche possono avere sia nell’acquisire nuove conoscenze sia nel favorire nuovi trattamenti di diagnosi e cura, dall’altro è necessario riflettere sulle delicate e complesse questioni giuridiche ed etiche ad esse sottese. Il presente contributo, dopo aver fatto chiarezza sulla definizione e sui requisiti tecnici necessari per l’istituzione di una biobanca, si sofferma ad analizzare le principali questioni etico-giuridiche: a chi appartiene il tessuto e chi beneficia dei risultati ottenuti? Quale consenso informato è adeguato per protocolli sperimentali non prevedibili al momento del prelievo del tessuto? Come può essere garantita la riservatezza dei dati, anche in funzione dell’analisi genetica? Gli argomenti vengono analizzati a partire dalla letteratura internazionale, mostrando le diverse posizioni. In tema di proprietà del tessuto e di proprietà intellettuale dei risultati si evidenzia come sta emergendo una concezione solidaristica, in cui materiale e informazioni sono da considerarsi risorse a disposizione dell’intera collettività, che ne affida alla biobanca la gestione. Il modello di consenso informato che sembra prevalere è quello definito “ampliato”, di cui si evidenziano pregi e difetti, nell’ottica di un bilanciamento tra autonomia del soggetto, interesse della collettività ed esigenze della ricerca. La questione della riservatezza impone di riflettere sia sul diritto alla privacy sia sulla possibilità di utilizzo del dato per finalità di ricerca. Data la complessità delle questioni emerse, si ritiene che necessariamente la fiducia del paziente/cittadino verso la comunità scientifica giochi un ruolo fondamentale. Il Comitato di etica, a cui vanno assicurate competenze e risorse adeguate, diventa lo strumento di garanzia indispensabile per una gestione eticamente accettabile della biobanca. ---------- Today the request to create biobanks is more and more urgent. A biobank is a structure where biological specimens and related biomedical data, obtained from patients and/or citizens , are stored over time. On one hand, we acknowledge the role that biobanks may have in acquiring new knowledge and fostering new treatments for diagnosis and therapy, on the other we need to reflect upon the delicate and complex legal and ethical issues that biobanks rise. This paper, after defining the concept of biobank and the technical requirements needed to establish one, analyzes some major ethical and legal issues: Who owns the tissues and who can benefit from potential results? Which kind of informed consent is the most appropriate for experimental protocols not yet predictable at the time of tissue collection? How can data confidentiality be guaranteed also in relation to genetic analysis? The topics are analyzed with reference to the international literature, comparing different perspectives. Regarding the ownership of biological samples and the intellectual property rights of the potential research outputs based on the data, the recent literature introduces a new concept of solidarity which consider all samples and information at full disposal of the entire community and which indicates the biobank as the manager of the archive. The model of “broad” informed consent seems to prevail: we indicate its points of strength and weakness, considering a necessary balance among the individual autonomy, the collective interest and the research requirements. Finally, regarding the confidentiality of all data, we need to reflect upon the right to privacy along with the possibility to use the available data for research purpose. Considering the complexity of these issues, we believe that the patient’s trust towards the scientific community is the main matter. The Ethics Committee, to whom adequate resources and expertise must be granted, becomes the assurer entity for an ethically acceptable management of a biobank.


Author(s):  
Robert M. Veatch ◽  
Amy Haddad ◽  
E. J. Last

This chapter is concerned with one of the major ethical issues in contemporary health care practice: informed or valid consent. The chapter defines the elements of informed consent—that is, the types of information that need to be transmitted for consent to be adequately informed. The second section looks at cases involving questions of the standards of consent, referring to the question of what standard of reference should be used in determining whether a sufficient amount of a particular type of information has been transmitted: the professional standard, the reasonable person standard, or the subjective standard. The third section examines questions of whether the information transmitted is comprehended and whether the consent is adequately voluntary. Finally, the fourth section addresses whether incompetent patients can be expected to consent and what role parents, guardians, and other surrogates can play in giving approval for medical treatments for those who are legally incompetent to do so themselves.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qirong Huang ◽  
Tamer Marzouk ◽  
Razvan Cirligeanu ◽  
Hans Malmstrom ◽  
Eli Eliav ◽  
...  

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to monitor and evaluate CO2 levels in dental operatories using a consumer-grade CO2 sensor and determine the utility and accuracy of various methods using CO2 levels to assess ventilation rate in dental clinics. We aim to find a practical tool for dental practitioners to conveniently and accurately monitor CO2 levels and assess the ventilation rates in their office in order to devise a pragmatic and effective strategy for ventilation improvement in their work environment.MethodsMechanical ventilation rate in air change per hour (ACHVENT) of 10 dental operatories was first measured with an air velocity sensor and air flow balancing hood. CO2 levels were measured in these rooms to analyze the effects of ventilation rate and number of persons in the room on CO2 accumulation. Ventilation rates were estimated using natural steady state CO2 levels during dental treatments and experimental CO2 concentration decays by dry ice or mixing baking soda and vinegar. We compared the differences and assessed the correlations between ACHVENT and ventilation rates estimated by steady states CO2 model with low (0.3 L/min, ACHSS30) or high (0.46 L/min, ACHSS46) CO2 generation rates, by CO2 decay constants using dry ice (ACHDI) or baking soda (ACHBV), and by time needed to remove 63% of excess CO2 generated by dry ice (ACHDI63%) or baking soda (ACHBV63%).ResultsACHVENT varied from 3.9 to 35.0 with a mean of 13.2 (±10.6) in the 10 dental operatories. CO2 accumulation occurred in rooms with low ventilation (ACHVENT≤6) and more persons (n>3) but not in those with higher ventilation and less persons. ACHSS30 and ACHSS46 correlated well with ACHVENT (r=0.83, p=0.003), but ACHSS30 was more accurate for rooms with low ACHVENT. Ventilation rates could be reliably estimated using CO2 released from dry ice or baking soda. ACHVENT was highly correlated with ACHDI (r=0.99), ACHBV(r=0.98), ACHDI63%(r=0.98), and ACHBV63% (r=0.98). There were no statistically significant differences between ACHVENT and ACHDI63% or ACHBV63%.ConclusionsDental operatories with low ventilation rates and overcrowding facilitate CO2 accumulations. Ventilation rates could be reliably calculated by observing the changes in CO2 levels after a simple mixing of household baking soda and vinegar in dental settings. Time needed to remove 63% of excess CO2 generated by baking soda could be used to accurately assess the ventilation rates using a consumer-grade CO2 sensor and a basic calculator.


Author(s):  
Lirim Mustafa ◽  
Hilmi Islami ◽  
Ivana Sutej

Abstract Objective Antibiotics misuse and a high level of antibiotics resistance is observed worldwide, but particularly in developing countries. Kosovo in the last decade is facing challenges regarding antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate patterns of antibiotics prescriptions of dentists in Kosovo's major dental clinics. Materials and Methods For Kosovo's prescribing pattern, data collection was obtained from 10 Regional Dental Clinics and a Tertiary Health Center regarding patients who were prescribed antibiotics in the years 2015 to 2019. Data analysis was performed by using descriptive statistics and was processed by using MS Excel. Results Most prescribed antibiotic during the observed period from 2015 to 2019 in Kosovo was amoxicillin, although a drastic increase of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid—as a broad-spectrum antibiotic—is observed. The trend of antibiotics use in tertiary health institutions is in an overall decrease in Kosovo with an exception in the year 2017. Despite this overall decrease, inconsistency in prescribing is observed when the pattern is analyzed for each region separately. The highest number of patients in health care dental clinics received antibiotics for maxilla-related health conditions and the lowest number of them for oncologic ones. Conclusion The patterns of antibiotics prescriptions by dental practitioners in Kosovo during the years 2015 to 2019 are fluctuating. Compared with the global health care standards, the irrational use of antibiotics in dental health care clinics in Kosovo still exist and this issue should be further addressed by respective actors.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson R Shepherd ◽  
Halimah Ali

Dental treatment is the commonest reason for a child to be in hospital in the UK. This is a shocking statistic for a preventable disease. How can we reduce the high numbers of dental general anaesthetics? It is essential that dental treatment under general anaesthesia (GA) is fully justifiable, ensuring that the right patients receive the right treatment. Guidance for general dental practitioners on when to refer a child for a dental GA is discussed. Treatment planning for this dentally high-risk group of children requires a holistic approach. It is complex and requires an experienced and competent clinical team, including dental care professionals with additional postgraduate qualifications. Often, alternative treatments are successful and a GA can be avoided. An audit of 85 patients referred for GA with Oldham Community Dental Service demonstrated 35% of patients accepted treatment with local anaesthesia only, 25% required inhalation sedation and only 25% were actually referred on for GA. Treatment for this group of patients must include the availability and provision of appropriate alternative treatment modalities, with the right staff and facilities, including those for dental general anaesthetic sessions. Ongoing follow-up within the general dental services is essential for this group of patients.


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