scholarly journals Kinetics of transesterification of Madhuca Indica oil over modified zeolites: biodiesel synthesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Pratap ◽  
SZM Shamshuddin ◽  
N Thimmaraju ◽  
M Shyamsundar ◽  
SS Reena
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Basic Zeolites ◽  
Modified Zeolites ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Nay Zeolites

In this article production of biodiesel from Madhuca indica oil (MI-oil) containing high % of free fatty acids (FFA) by transesterification process with methanol over basic zeolites such as NaY loaded with 5-25% KOH is presented. The zeolites were characterized by PXRD, BET and CO2-TPD methods prior to their catalytic activity studies. Optimization of reaction conditions for transesterification was conducted in order to get highest possible yield of biodiesel. 1HNMR and FTIR analysis confirms the conversion of MI-oil to biodiesel. The physico-chemical properties of MI-biodiesel were found to be comparable with that of the standard biodiesel. The NaY and KOH/NaY zeolites were found to be efficient and reusable catalysts without much loss of their catalytic activity when used for several times in biodiesel production.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(4), 271-278, 2015

The effect of origin and physico-chemical properties on the kinetics of reduction of mixed NiO-Fe2O3 oxides with hydrogen

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 2098-2108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Pospíšil ◽  
Jan Topinka
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Spinel Phase ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Preliminary Annealing ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinetics Of Reduction

We investigated the effect of origin and some physico-chemical parameters on the kinetics of reduction with hydrogen of two series of mixed NiO-Fe2O3 oxides differing by their composition, the character of their precursors (mixed crystalline nitrates and coprecipitated hydroxides) and their decomposition temperature.This effect manifested itself by different magnitudes of specific surfaces of the mixed oxides and coherent regions of present phases as well as by different oxidizing abilities of the surface and differences in morphology and phase composition of corresponding samples in both series investigated. Nonlinear or nonmonotonous composition dependences of physico-chemical parameters investigated point to a mutual influence of individual components, which is also a function of the system origin and which modifies its reactivity during its reduction with hydrogen. The kinetics of the reduction was studied thermogravimetrically at 320-410 °C. The reduction of oxides of the hydroxide origin is catalytically accelerated by primarily reduced nickel, whereas in corresponding samples of the nitrate series, the total NiO is bound to the spinel phase and the reduction is delayed. Experimental IR spectra, the effect of preliminary annealing and DTA of the mixed oxides point to an inhibitory effect of water, which is constitutionally bound in trace admixtures of the goethite phase, on the kinetics of reduction of samples in the hydroxide series.

Tailoring ionic liquid catalysts: structure, acidity and catalytic activity of protonic ionic liquids based on anionic clusters, [(HSO4)(H2SO4)x]− (x = 0, 1, or 2)

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 3463-3471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Matuszek ◽  
Anna Chrobok ◽  
Fergal Coleman ◽  
Kenneth R. Seddon ◽  
Małgorzata Swadźba-Kwaśny
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Anionic Clusters ◽  
Physico Chemical

The speciation of a family of inexpensive, easily prepared protonic ionic liquids, their physico-chemical properties and their performance as catalysts in the model esterification reaction have been correlated.

scholarly journals Recycling of buffing dust tanneries waste to prepare structural thermal insulation panels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wajad Ulfat ◽  
Ayesha Mohyuddin ◽  
Muhammad Amjad ◽  
Shagufta Saeed ◽  
Beenish Mujahid
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Composite Panels ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Prepared Composite

Abstract Thermal insulation panels were prepared by mixing the buffing dust obtained from tanneries waste with the polystyrene. The ratio in weight percentage of buffing dust, polystyrene and blowing agent was 20:77:3 respectively in these panels. The samples were prepared in co-twine extruder at 210 oC. Different physico-chemical properties were investigated for these samples that are required to analyze the usability of a material for construction. The composite panels showed better thermal insulation characteristics than the simple polystyrene boards. This study demonstrated that prepared composite panels have good thermal conductivity (0.029 W/m-K at 27 oC), density (300 Kg/m3), compression strength (6.25 ton) and water absorption (7.5%) without degradation of mechanical properties. Thermogravimetric analysis depicted that composite panels were thermally stable from 200 oC to 412 oC. FTIR analysis showed that composite has carbonyl and free amino functional groups. The SEM study explained that voids were created in the composite and homogeneousity was decreased after the addition of buffing dust. The composite had 62% of carbon and 0.2% of chromium as determined by EDX analysis. The results suggested that the prepared composite panels can be used as thermal insulation boards in building sector which will help in the recycling of waste produced by leather industry and consequently a reduction in environmental pollution.

Synthesis and Physico-Chemical Properties of Polycyanurates of 2-(N,N-Diphenylhydrazino)4,6-Dichloro-s-Triazine with Various Aromatic Diols

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
B S Bhonsale ◽  
S N Kaula ◽  
B V Patel ◽  
K C Patel
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Chlorinated Solvents ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Interfacial Polycondensation ◽  
Bisphenol S ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Reduced Viscosity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Various polycynaurates were synhesised by stirred interfacial polycondensation of 2-(N.N-diphenynhydrazino)-4,6-dichloro-s-triaziae (DPHDCT) with each of the aromatic diols: bisphenol-A (BPA); bisphenol-C (BPC); bisphenol-S (BPS); phenolphthalein (Ph); catechol; resorcinol; 1,5and 2.7-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN-1,5 and DHN-2,7) and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (DHA-1,8). Interfacial polycondensation of DPHDCT with BPA was investigated in detail in order to select optimum reaction conditions. The yield of polycyanurates varies from 6 I% to 79%. The polycyanurates are soluble in chlorinated solvents such as chloroform, dichloroethane. dichloromethane and chlorobenzene. The reduced viscosity for polycyanurates, determined with a 1 g disolution in chloroform at 25 + 3°C was found to be in the range 0.50-0.68 dl g. All the polycyanurates were characterized by IR spectra. The densities of the polycyanurates, determined using the suspension method at 25 3°C, range between 1.196 and 1.330 g cm. The overall reactivity of diols, based on reduced viscosity values, was found to decrease in the following order: PCBPA> PCPh> PCBPC> PCR>PCDHN-2,7 > PCDHN-I,5 > PCC > PCDHA-1.8 > PCBPS. The thermal stability of polycyanurates, derived from various temperature characteristics, was found to decrease in the following order: PCBPA> PCBPS> PCBPC > PCC PCR> PCDHN-2,7 PCDHN-.l 5 > PCDHA-1,8 > PCPh.

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