scholarly journals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fine fractions of Barapukuria coal in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-214
Author(s):  
HMZ Hossain ◽  
QH Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Fine Coal ◽  
Carcinogenic Pahs ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The existence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fine coal fractions have been determined in order to evaluate their potential carcinogenicity to human beings. Thirteen PAHs of fine coal fractions (n = 9) from Barapukuria coal field, situated at the northwestern part of Bangladesh were analyzed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC−MS) method in order to examine their distributions and toxicity in the environment. Relative abundances of fluoranthene (Flu), pyrene (Pyr), benzo [b,j,k] fluoranthene (Bflas), benzo [e] pyrene (BeP) and benzo [a] pyrene (BaP) were found to be high, followed by phenanthrene (Phe), indeno [1,2,3-cd] pyrene (InP), benzo [g,h,i] perylene (BghiP) and coronene (Cor). The average loads of carcinogenic PAHs in the fine coal fractions decreased in the order: Bflas > BeP > BaP > BghiP > InP > Cor. The PAHs ratios of BeP/(BeP + BaP) ranging from 0.61 to 0.85 (average 0.74), reflected the decay of BaP due to ageing in prolonged exposure to the solar radiation. High abundance of land plant markers retene (Ret) and Phe and BaP/BghiP ratio (~0.10 to 6.16, average 1.89) values indicate that organic matters in the studied samples were derived from typical biological sources. Moreover, the existence of more middle- and higher molecular weight (MMW and HMW) PAHs over lower molecular weight (LMW) PAHs in most samples implied the association of high toxicity with negative impacts on human health. The health risk assessment factors (BaPeq) ranging from 0.55 ng g–1 to 6.51 ng g–1 indicates moderate to high health risk related to carcinogenic PAHs in the surrounding atmosphere. The estimated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values for adults (9.96 × 10−5 to 1.27 × 10−4) and children (5.56 × 10−6 to 1.12 × 10−6) were found to be higher than or equal to the range of 1.0 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−4. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(3), 203-214, 2019

scholarly journals The Analysis and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contamination in Vegetables and Fruits Samples Marketed Tehran With Chemometric Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Khalili ◽  
Nabi Shariatifar ◽  
Mohammad Hadi Dehghani ◽  
Kamyar Yaghmaeian ◽  
Ramin Nabizadeh Nodehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Abstract The aim of current study was to evaluate the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentration and probabilistic health risk in vegetables and fruits samples of Tehran city, Iran during 2018-2019 using magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranged 0.040-0.084 and 0.121-0.253 μg/kg, respectively. The results showed that the highest PAH levels corresponded to acenaphthene (135.1±7.1µg/kg) and naphthalene (114.1±5.0 µg/kg) , whereas the lowest concentrations were those of Benzo(a)pyrene (not detected), Benzo(k)fluoranthene (not detected), Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (not detected), Benzo(b)fluoranthene (not detected) and Benzo(g,h,i)perylene (not detected). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to evaluate the correlation between the type and amount of 16 PAHs with vegetables and fruits samples. The results of Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) revealed that the mean of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) in vegetables and fruits is 5.2E-05 and 7.7E-05 higher than the acceptable risk level (10-6). Finally, the highest ILCR in fruits and vegetables was related to cucumber (5.1E-04) and tomato (4.3E-04), respectively. Therefore, monitoring the PAHs concentrations in both groups of vegetables and fruits is necessary.

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediment and Health Risk of Fish, Crab and Shrimp Around Atlas Cove, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwafunmilayo O. Olayinka ◽  
Adetomi Adeola Adewusi ◽  
Olanrewaju Olusoji Olujimi ◽  
Adeyinka Adedeji Aladesida
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Background. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic contaminants and pose health risks to humans and the ecosystem due to their persistence in the environment. Objectives. This study determined the concentrations of PAHs in sediment, two species of fish (Drepane africana and Pomadasys jubelini), crabs (Callinectes amnicola) and shrimps (Penaeus notialis) around the Atlas Cove jetty, Lagos, Nigeria. Methods. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were extracted from fish, shrimp, and crabs that were purchased from local fishermen. Sediments were collected at five locations impacted by ship movement and cargo offloading around the Atlas Cove jetty during the period of June to August 2016, using standard methods. Potential toxicity of PAHs in the sediments on the surrounding aquatic organisms was assessed. The PAHs were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Human health risk assessment was calculated from biota using dietary daily intake and carcinogenic potencies of individual PAH concentrations. Results. A total of 17 PAH congeners were detected in sediment samples and ten were detected in biota samples. Concentrations of total PAHs obtained in sediment and fish samples ranged from 2.15 - 36.46 mg/kg and 11.89 - 71.06 mg/kg, respectively. The total PAHs concentration pattern follow the order of P. notialis > C. amnicola > P. jubelini (whole) > D. africana (whole) > D. africana (fillet) > P. jubelini (fillet) > sediment. Concentrations of total PAHs were higher in whole fish than in fillet samples (muscle) in both fish species. High values of PAHs were recorded in the dietary intake (0.10 - 2.33 mg/kg body weight/day) of the organisms. Toxic equivalent quotient values (0.01 to 0.10 mg/kg) were observed to be higher than the screening values (0.0014 to 0.0599 mg/kg). In the muscle of Drepane africana and Pomadasys jubelini, splitting and atrophy of the muscle bundles were observed. Conclusions. The concentrations of PAHs in analyzed sediment and organisms were higher than the maximum permissible limit of the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Most of the detected PAHs were of petrogenic origin, which is an indication that anthropogenic activities were influencing PAH concentrations. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals The determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some foods from industrialized areas in South Eastern Nigeria: human health risk impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Uchechi Bliss Onyedikachi ◽  
Chuka Donatus Belonwu ◽  
Mattew Owhonda Wegwu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract This study investigated the potential health risk due to dietary exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) for the populace living around selected industrial areas in the south eastern states of Nigeria. The concentrations of PAHs were measured in edible food crops using Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID). The mean concentration of PAHs in food crops collected ranged from < 0.01 to 2.64 ± 0.02, 5.27 ± 0.04, 0.96 ± 0.02, 8.94 ± 0.01 and 1.95 ± 0.06 in mg/kg for Osisioma, Ishiagu, Irete, Akwuuru, and Ngwo respectively. PAHs distributions in food samples analyzed in this study showed vegetables to be significant higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the order vegetables > fruits > nuts > tubers. Total PAHs (ΣPAHs) concentrations in most crop samples had highest values 14.49, 36.29, 4.59, 23.36 and 21.8 mg/kg for Chyrysophyllum albidum, Telferia occidentalis, Vernonia amygdalina, Talinum triangulare and Elaies guinnensis for Osisioma, Akwuuru, Irete, Ishiagu and Ngwo respectively. The low molecular weight-PAHS/high molecular weight-PAHS were < 1 with values 0.76, 0.18, 0.28, 0.91 and 0.12 for Osisioma, Irete, Akwuuru, Ishiagu and Ngwo respectively. 58.3% and 71.7% of ΣB(a)P and ΣPAHs in food samples in the study areas exceeded the permissible limits set by DPR and EU. The estimated daily intake of PAHs via the ingestion of food crops were within the tolerable range. The carcinogenic risk values for the food crops were within the predicted permissible lifetime risks of carcinogen (10−6-10−4) for adults and children in Osisioma, Akwuuru, Ishiagu and Enugu respectively. Therefore, this study suggests that the populace around industrialized areas in South Eastern Nigeria, may be at risk due to PAHs exposure through food consumption.

scholarly journals Multiple categories of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric PM2.5 associated with changes in lipid profiles: a longitudinal study in Beijing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Wang ◽  
Ang Li ◽  
Meiduo Zhao ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Yayuan Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Carcinogenic Pahs ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Altered Lipid ◽  
Multiple Categories

Abstract Background Lipid disorder has been demonstrated as important biomarkers for many chronic diseases, while PM2.5 is becoming an emerging risk factor to altered lipid profiles. However, few studies have paid attention to the changes of comprehensive lipid indices caused by PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure, especially among older adults population. We aimed to investigate whether PM2.5-bound PAHs were associated with the changes of lipid profiles, and whether this association could differ among multiple categories of PAHs. Methods A longitudinal study including 98 adults was conducted in Beijing, China, from November 2016 to January 2018. Multiple categories of PAHs were classified into low-molecular-weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs), high-molecular-weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs), carcinogenic PAHs (c-PAHs) and non-carcinogenic PAHs (nc-PAHs) based on their molecular weight and carcinogenicity potential. Linear mixed-effects models were used to explore the association between multiple categories of PAHs and lipid profiles, including single-pollutant model, two-pollutant model, and constituent-residual model. Results We found that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly decreased by 1.00% (95%CI, -1.98 to -0.30%) to 9.52% (95%CI, -13.93 to -4.88%) in association with a 10 ng/m3 increase in moving averages of the multiple categories of PAHs. We also found significant increases in total cholesterol (TG), castelli risk indexes I and II (CRI-I and II), and atherogenic coefficient (AC) by 4.08% (95% CI, 0.10 to 7.25%) to 40.49% (95% CI, 13.88 to 73.33%) were associated with a 10 ng/m3 increase of multiple categories of PAHs. Conclusion Multiple categories of PAHs were significantly associated with altered lipid profiles. Although some PAHs are not carcinogenic, they may cause dyslipidemia, which in turn affects chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil and Human Health Risk Levels for Various Land-Use Areas in Ulsan, South Korea

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debananda Roy ◽  
Woosik Jung ◽  
Jayun Kim ◽  
Minjoo Lee ◽  
Joonhong Park
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Carcinogenic Pahs ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Industrial Zones

Multiplicity and complexity in sources account for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and health risk levels in industrial zones. In the present study, cancer risks (CR) for soil-bound carcinogenic PAHs were estimated and compared for the first time in seven different land-use areas adjacent to an industrial zone (Ulsan) in Korea. The entire study area has been recognized as a “low CR” zone (10−6 &lt; value &lt; 10−4). Hence, all land-use areas were found to have significant (&gt;10−6) CR levels, except for an area used to store ore and iron scraps. Estimated CR levels were highest in the railroad area (RA) and traffic area (TA), followed by those in the industrial area (IA). In addition, exposure through dermal absorption (61–70%) and ingestion (21–39%) were the most common factors for CR levels in the study area. Among all health parameters, exposure duration, body weight, and open skin surface area were distinguished as most sensitive to total CR levels. Moreover, among all carcinogenic PAHs, indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene were most sensitive to CR levels. Creosote, which was utilized in railroad ties in RA and vehicular exhaust emission in TA, was classified as a source of soil-bound carcinogenic PAHs. Therefore, CR levels resulting from transportation activities were found to be two to three times higher than those obtained from industrial processes. Transportation activities in urban areas mostly serve to provide rapid and comfortable carriage for commuters. However, these facilities were mostly responsible for potential carcinogen exposure. This study directly challenges the conventional perception that industrial zones are the most polluted areas, especially when compared to transportation zones in urban areas. These findings can help local and national governments to better manage resources and maintain an economic balance.

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