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2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Picciotto ◽  
Adriana Lesca ◽  
Luca Mastorino ◽  
Elena Califaretti ◽  
Luca Conti ◽  
...  

Primary umbilical melanoma is rare tumor, representing about 5% of all umbilical malignancies.The lymphatic drainage from the tumor is challenging and can be to inguinal, axillary and retroperitoneal nodes. Dynamic and static lymphoscintigraphy with single-photon emission tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a widely validated technique in patients with clinically localized melanoma to search for and quantify nodal spread of cutaneous melanoma. Moreover, it offers the surgeon the preoperative information about the number and location of the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), which makes SLNB easier and quicker. This is the first report of an ulcerated thick melanoma of the umbilicus metastasizing only to an external iliac lymph-node without involvement of superficial inguinal SLNs. The preoperative high-resolution ultrasound (HR-US) examination of the regional lymph node field had been normal. This case-report shows how addition of SPECT/CT to planar imaging in a patient with clinically localized umbilical melanoma can help avoid incomplete SLNB when a deep SLN is not removed. A literature review of umbilical melanoma is also provided.


2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sunil Basukala ◽  
Bishnu Deep Pathak ◽  
Gaurab Mainali ◽  
Bikash Bahadur Rayamajhi ◽  
Raveesh Mishra ◽  
...  

Splenic abscess is a rare clinical entity with diagnostic challenges. Though rare, it is potentially a life-threatening clinical condition with high mortality reaching more than 70%. The common signs and symptoms include the triad of fever, left upper quadrant tenderness, and leukocytosis. Early diagnosis, however, can readily be made by the combination of clinical features, abdominal ultrasonography (USG), and computed tomography (CT). The management of splenic abscess includes medical therapy, CT-guided percutaneous aspiration, and splenectomy. We, hereby, present a rare case of splenic abscess with gangrenous gas necrosis, who underwent splenectomy.


Author(s):  
Dong-Fan Ye ◽  
Fa-Ming Jiang ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Yue-An Zhao ◽  
Xing-Yu Xiong ◽  
...  

Cureus ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharti Joshi ◽  
Maninder K Ghotra ◽  
Ujjwal Gorsi ◽  
Subhas Chandra Saha ◽  
Pooja Sikka

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Mi Gil ◽  
Myung Hee Chung ◽  
Ki-Nam Lee ◽  
Jung Im Jung ◽  
Won Jong Yoo ◽  
...  

Abstract Background To demonstrate and analyze the relatively common imaging findings in this rare primary pleural angiosarcoma (PPA). Case presentation Three cases of PPA, proven by video-assisted thoracic surgery biopsies are retrospectively reviewed. Patients were all male. Age ranges from 65 to 75 years old age (mean; 69). Major chief complaints were dyspnea and chest pain. One has a history of colon cancer, the other has a tuberculosis history and the other has no known history. Multidetector chest CT and PET CT were all done. Immunohistochemical studies were performed including CD31, CD34, or factor VIII-related antigen, vimentin, and cytokeratin. We also review the literatures on recently published PPA. All masses were from 1 to 10 cm. All three patients had multiple pleural based masses, which were ovoid in shape with relatively sharp margin in unilateral hemithorax. Multiple small circumscribed pleural masses are limited in the pleural space in two patients, whereas two, huge lobulated masses about up to 10 cm were present with pleural and extrapleural involvement in one patient. In two patients with pleural mass only, multiple pleural masses were only seen in parietal pleura in one patient and were in both visceral and parietal pleura in one patient. Pleural effusion were found in one side in one patient and in both sides in one patient. One angiosarcoma was arised from chronic tuberculotic pleurisy sequelae. All pleural masses are heterogenous with irregular internal low densities in all patients. Hematogenous metastases were found in liver, vertebra, rib in one patient, and were in lungs with mediastinal lymph node metastases in the other patient. Three patients survived for longer than 3months after diagnosis, but continued to deteriorate rapidly. Two patients underwent chemotherapy after surgical excision, and the other one with multiple metastases treated chemotherapy after CT-guided biopsy, but eventually all died. As a result of comparative analysis of a total of 13 patients’ images including 10 cases previously published, there was pleural effusion in all except 2 cases. Conclusions PPA were all necrotic without any vascularized enhancing nature, and manifested as unilateral circumscribed or localized pleural-based masses.


Diagnostics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Paolo Spinnato ◽  
Eugenio Rimondi ◽  
Giancarlo Facchini

The craniovertebral junction defined as the occiput, the atlas, and the axis is a complex bony region that contains vital neural and vascular structures. We report the experience of a single academic institution regarding CT-guided biopsy of this skeletal region. We reviewed all of the CT-guided biopsies performed in our department, completed in the craniovertebral junction. We collected data in regard to biopsy procedures, patients’ vital statistics, and histopathological diagnosis. In total, 16 patients (8M and 8F; mean age 52; range 16–86 years old) were included in this series. In eight patients, the lesions were located in the atlas vertebra (8/16—50%), in six patients in the axis (37.5%), and in two patients in the occiput (12.5%). No complications were observed during or after the procedures. All of the procedures were technically successful. The biopsy was diagnostic in 13/16 patients (81.3%): four metastatic lesions (25%—three breast and one prostate cancers), four multiple myeloma bone lesions (25%), three aneurismal bone cysts (18.8%), one aggressive hemangioma (6.3%), and one pseudogout (6.3%). Moreover, in two-thirds (66.6%) of non-diagnostic histological reports, malignancies were excluded. CT-guided percutaneous biopsy is a safe tool and allows obtaining a histological diagnosis, in most cases, even in the most delicate site of the human skeleton—the craniovertebral junction.


Author(s):  
Zafar Neyaz

AbstractFinding a safe needle path during percutaneous computed tomography-guided biopsy is sometimes difficult due to concern for injuring a vital structure. Saline instillation technique has been used to displace the structure out of the way. Another useful tool is a soft-tip stylet. A soft-tip also referred as blunt-tip stylet for the introducer cannula is provided with some coaxial biopsy sets in additional to standard sharp-tip stylet. While the sharp-tip stylet is fitted with introducer cannula for piercing skin, muscle, and fascia, a soft-tip stylet may be used for avoiding injury to structures like vessels and bowel loops especially while advancing introducer cannula through fatty tissue. Additionally, it is also useful for avoiding injury to nerves and giving pleural anesthesia. Although its use has been described in medical literature, many radiologists are still not utilizing this tool to its full potential. In this educational exhibit, various applications of soft-tip stylet and saline instillation technique have been depicted using representative cases.


2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Zhaoyin Wang ◽  
Jinbiao Huang ◽  
Minke Wang ◽  
Weixu Bi ◽  
Tianbing Fan

The number of patients with lung cancer is difficultly diagnosed in the early stage. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of CT- and ultrasound-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy combined with serum CA125 and CEA on the diagnosis of lung cancer. 120 patients with suspected lung cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were selected and divided into an ultrasound group (n = 60) and CT group (n = 60), according to different percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy modalities. All patients received serum tumor markers detection, so as to compare the CT- and ultrasound-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy results and pathology results, levels of serum tumor markers among all patients and the patients with different lung cancer types, and diagnostic efficacy of tumor markers, as well as complication rate (CR) in patients. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy were 0.880 and 0.800, respectively, while those of CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy were 0.909 and 0.625, respectively; the CA125 and CEA levels in the lung cancer group were higher than those in the benign group ( P < 0.001 ); the CA125 and CEA levels of the patients with adenocarcinoma were higher than those with squamous carcinoma, and the CEA levels of the patients with small-cell carcinoma were lower than those with adenocarcinoma ( P < 0.05 ); the sensitivity, specificity, and Youden indexes of CA125 were 0.638, 0.833, and 0.471, respectively, while those of CEA were 0.766, 0.778, and 0.544, respectively; there were no significant differences in CR between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ). CT- and ultrasound-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy is a safe and feasible diagnostic modality for lung cancer, and its combination with serum CA125 and CEA can significantly improve the accuracy of the detection results, which is worthy of promotion and application in clinical practice.


2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Yueh Fang ◽  
Kuei-An Chen ◽  
Yu-Wen Wen ◽  
Chih-Tsung Wen ◽  
Kuang-Tse Pan ◽  
...  

Background: Thoracoscopic removal of small pulmonary nodules is traditionally accomplished through a two-step approach—with lesion localization in a CT suite as the first step followed by lesion removal in an operating room as the second step. While the advent of hybrid operating rooms (HORs) has fostered our ability to offer a more patient-tailored approach that allows simultaneous localization and removal of small pulmonary nodules within a single-step, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the two techniques (two- vs. single-step) are still lacking.Methods: This is a RCT conducted in an academic hospital in Taiwan between October 2018 and December 2019. To compare the outcomes of traditional two-step preoperative CT-guided small pulmonary nodule localization followed by lesion removal vs. single-step intraoperative CT-guided lesion localization with simultaneous removal performed by a dedicated team of thoracic surgeons. The analysis was conducted in an intention-to-treat fashion. The primary study endpoint was the time required for lesion localization. Secondary endpoints included radiation doses, other procedural time indices, and complication rates.Results: A total of 24 and 25 patients who received the single- and two-step approach, respectively, were included in the final analysis. The time required for lesion localization was significantly shorter for patients who underwent the single-step procedure (median: 13 min) compared with the two step-procedure (median: 32 min, p &lt; 0.001). Similarly, the radiation dose was significantly lower for the former than the latter (median: 5.64 vs. 10.65 mSv, respectively, p = 0.001).Conclusions: The single-step procedure performed in a hybrid operating room resulted in a simultaneous reduction of both localization procedural time and radiation exposure.


Diagnostics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Lian Yang ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Dehan Liu ◽  
Xin Wu ◽  
...  

C-arm cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) virtual navigation-guided lung biopsy has been developed in the last decade as an alternative to conventional CT-guided lung biopsy. This study aims to compare the biopsy accuracy and safety between these two techniques and explores the risk factors of biopsy-related complications. A total of 217 consecutive patients undergoing conventional CT- or C-arm CBCT virtual navigation-guided lung biopsy from 1 June 2018 to 31 December 2019 in this single-center were retrospectively reviewed. Multiple factors (e.g., prior emphysema, lesion size, etc.) were compared between two biopsy techniques. The risk factors of complications were explored by using logistic regression. The patients’ median age and male-to-female ratio were 63 years and 2.1:1, respectively. Eighty-two (82) patients (37.8%) underwent conventional CT-guided biopsies, and the other 135 patients (62.2%) C-arm CBCT virtual navigation-guided biopsies. Compared with patients undergoing C-arm CBCT virtual navigation-guided lung biopsies, patients undergoing conventional CT-guided lung biopsies showed higher needle repositioning rate, longer operation time, and higher effective dose of X-ray (52.4% vs. 6.7%, 25 min vs. 15 min, and 13.4 mSv vs. 7.6 mSv, respectively; p < 0.001, each). In total, the accurate biopsy was achieved in 215 of 217 patients (99.1%), without a significant difference between the two biopsy techniques (p = 1.000). The overall complication rates, including pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage/hemoptysis, are 26.3% (57/217), with most minor complications (56/57, 98.2%). The needle repositioning was the only independent risk factor of complications with an odds ratio of 6.169 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the C-arm CBCT virtual navigation is better in percutaneous lung biopsy than conventional CT guidance, facilitating needle positioning and reducing radiation exposure. Needle repositioning should be avoided because it brings about more biopsy-related complications.


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