Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Review

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is characterized by chronic oro-facial pain in the absence of specific oral lesions & clinically apparent mucosal alterations. It is more commonly observed in middle aged patients & postmenopausal women. It often affects tongue, cheek, lip, hard & soft palate. Usually symptoms are better observed in morning, worsen during the day and typically subside at night. The condition is multifactorial origin, often idiopathic and its etiopathogenesis remain largely enigmatic. Associated medical conditions may include neurologic and metabolic disorder, gastrointestinal, urogenital as well as drug reactions. BMS are of two types, primary & secondary. Primary BMS is essential or idiopathic where secondary BMS is caused by local, systemic and/or psychological factors. Clinical diagnosis depends on the careful history taking, physical examinations and laboratory findings. Vitamin, Zinc or Hormone replacement therapy has been found to be effective with deficiency of the corresponding factors. The drug therapy with alpha-lipoic acid, capsaicin, clonazepam, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants may be effective in symptomatic treatment of BMS. But the treatment is still unsatisfactory and there is no definitive cure.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2016; 34(3): 151-159

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MANAGEMENT OF BURNING MOUTH SYNDROME: A LITERATURE REVIEW

ODONTO Dental Journal ◽

10.30659/odj.6.1.43-50 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

I Nyoman Gede Juwita Putra ◽

Riani Setiadhi

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽

Burning Sensation ◽

Oral Lesions ◽

Pharmacologic Treatment ◽

Laboratory Findings ◽

Physiological Basis ◽

Topical Medication ◽

Burning Mouth

Background: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic idiopathic oral dysaesthesia that presents as a burning sensation in the oral cavity usually without any specific oral lesions or laboratory findings. Burning sensations may appear on the buccal mucosa, hard and soft palate, tongue and lips. BMS appears to be more prevalent in postmenopausal women. The term menopause is often used for a condition in which the permanent cessation of the primary function of the ovaries in humans that occurs especially in middle-aged women. Available evidence suggested that BMS is a multifactorial disorder with physiological basis. Pathophysiology of BMS remains unclear. The etiopathogenesis in most patients who complain of burning sensations have interactions with several factors such as local, systemic, and/ or psychogenic factors. The aim of this literature review was to assess and evaluate the management of BMS comprehensively.Discussion: The therapy of BMS including hormone replacement therapy,systemically therapy, such as antidepressants, clonazepam and topical medication (clonidine and capsaicin) and reassurance as the stress management.Conclusion: Proper management of the BMS involves the combination of pharmacologic treatment and psychotherapy, as well as reassurance is an important thing

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Symptom severity in burning mouth syndrome associates with psychological factors

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation ◽

10.1111/joor.12966 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 713-719 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Heli Forssell ◽

Tuija Teerijoki‐Oksa ◽

Pauli Puukka ◽

Ann‐Mari Estlander

Keyword(s):

Symptom Severity ◽

Psychological Factors ◽

Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽

Burning Mouth

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561 SYMPTOMATIC TREATMENT OF BURNING MOUTH SYNDROME WITH DULOXETINE

European Journal of Pain ◽

10.1016/s1090-3801(09)60564-4 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 13 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

K. Kosma ◽

A. Sianni ◽

G. Papadopoulos ◽

K. Liatsos ◽

M. Anastasiou

Keyword(s):

Symptomatic Treatment ◽

Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽

Burning Mouth

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BURNING MOUTH SYNDROME: EVALUATION OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FINDINGS

Ideggyógyászati Szemle ◽

10.18071/isz.69.0269 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 69 (7-8) ◽

pp. 269-274

Author(s):

Gulistan Halac ◽

Pinar Tekturk ◽

Saliha Eroglu ◽

Mehmet Ali Cikrikcioglu ◽

Ozlem Cimendur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽

Laboratory Findings ◽

Burning Mouth

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Burning Mouth Syndrome: Case Reports

Revista Portuguesa de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental ◽

10.51338/rppsm.2019.v5.i4.22 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 76-78

Author(s):

Catarina da Costa Campos ◽

Maria do Céu Ferreira ◽

Joana Mesquita

Keyword(s):

Psychological Factors ◽

Case Reports ◽

Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽

Burning Sensation ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Physiological Factors ◽

Common Chronic Disease ◽

Clinically Normal ◽

Nosological Entity ◽

Burning Mouth

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a relatively common chronic disease of unclear etiopathogenesis. It is defined as a distinctive nosological entity that includes all forms of burning sensation in the mouth, including stinging sensation or pain, in association with an oral mucosa that appears clinically normal, in the absence of local or systemic diseases. It was hypothesized that psychological factors could influence its appearance, but also physiological factors, with some authors suggesting a neuropathic etiology. Regarding the treatment of BMS, benefits were found in individual or group psychotherapy, as well as in psychopharmacological interventions, however its current therapeutic approach is not completely satisfactory. In this paper we describe two cases of BMS and discuss the possible etiopathogenesis and current therapeutic approaches.

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Burning Mouth Syndrome: An Enigmatic Disorder

Kathmandu University Medical Journal ◽

10.3126/kumj.v11i2.12498 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 175-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MA Javali

Keyword(s):

Medical Journal ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽

Burning Sensation ◽

Aged Patients ◽

Oral Pain ◽

Mucosal Lesions ◽

Burning Mouth

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral pain or burning sensation affecting the oral mucosa, often unaccompanied by mucosal lesions or other evident clinical signs. It is observed principally in middle-aged patients and postmenopausal women and may be accompanied by xerostomia and altered taste. Burning mouth syndrome is characterized by an intense burning or stinging sensation, preferably on the tongue or in other areas of mouth. This disorder is one of the most common, encountered in the clinical practice. This condition is probably of multifactorial origin; however the exact underlying etiology remains uncertain. This article discusses several aspects of BMS, updates current knowledge about the etiopathogenesis and describes the clinical features as well as the diagnosis and management of BMS patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i2.12498 Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.11(2) 2013: 175-178

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Role of psychological factors in burning mouth syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102416646769 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 265-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Federica Galli ◽

Giovanni Lodi ◽

Andrea Sardella ◽

Elena Vegni

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Psychological Factors ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽

Chronic Medical Condition ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Burning Mouth

Background Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic medical condition characterised by hot, painful sensations in the lips, oral mucosa, and/or tongue mucosa. On examination, these appear healthy, and organic causes for the pain cannot be found. Several studies have yielded scant evidence of the involvement of psychological and/or psychopathological factors, and several have outlined a model for the classification of BMS. Aim This review aims to provide a systematic review of research examining the psychological, psychiatric, and/or personality factors linked to BMS. Findings Fourteen controlled studies conducted between 2000 and the present were selected based on stringent inclusion/exclusion criteria. All studies but one reported at least some evidence for the involvement of psychological factors in BMS. Anxiety and depression were the most common and the most frequently studied psychopathological disorders among BMS patients. Discussion and conclusion Anxiety and depression play critical roles in this condition. Evidence on the role of personality characteristics of BMS patients has also been produced by a few studies. Further studies on the role of specific psychological factors in BMS are warranted, but the importance of a multidisciplinary approach (medical and psychological) to BMS is no matter of discussion.

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