Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – An Overview

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Ariful Bashera ◽  
Debashish Das ◽  
M Abul Faiz
Keyword(s):  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Concerted Effort ◽  
Hospital Cleanliness ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
O2 Supply ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a pandemic with a massive death toll across the world. The knowledge and understanding of this novel coronavirus transmission and pathogenesis are evolving. Although the landscape of vaccine and drug development is changing at an unprecedented pace, currently, there is no specific effective treatment. Proper and timely management of severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients is crucial to reduce deaths in the ongoing pandemic. Ramping up testing capacity alongside a test strategy in place, ensuring adequate resources, i.e., protective gear, O2 supply, ICU facilities are essential requirements in the fight against COVID-19. Infection prevention and control measures at a personal level (e.g., handwashing, wearing masks, proper donning and doffing of personal protective equipment), and at hospital settings (e.g., hospital cleanliness, safe handling, and disposal of waste) are extremely important to reduce the risk of infection. COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global crisis that requires a multidisciplinary response and concerted effort to ensure resilience in health systems. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(0): 84-90

scholarly journals Improving knowledge, attitudes and practice to prevent COVID-19 transmission in healthcare workers and the public in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rapeephan R. Maude ◽  
Monnaphat Jongdeepaisal ◽  
Sumawadee Skuntaniyom ◽  
Thanomvong Muntajit ◽  
Stuart D. Blacksell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Educational Videos ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Key infection prevention and control measures to limit transmission of COVID-19 include social distancing, hand hygiene, use of facemasks and personal protective equipment. However, these have limited or no impact if not applied correctly through lack of knowledge, inappropriate attitude or incorrect practice. In order to maximise the impact of infection prevention and control measures on COVID-19 spread, we undertook a study to assess and improve knowledge, attitudes and practice among 119 healthcare workers and 100 general public in Thailand. The study setting was two inpatient hospitals providing COVID-19 testing and treatment. Detailed information on knowledge, attitudes and practice among the general public and healthcare workers regarding COVID-19 transmission and its prevention were obtained from a combination of questionnaires and observations. Results Knowledge of the main transmission routes, commonest symptoms and recommended prevention methods was mostly very high (> 80%) in both groups. There was lower awareness of aerosols, food and drink and pets as sources of transmission; of the correct duration for handwashing; recommended distance for social/physical distancing; and about recommended types of face coverings. Information sources most used and most trusted were the workplace, work colleagues, health workers and television. The results were used to produce a set of targeted educational videos which addressed many of these gaps with subsequent improvements on retesting in a number of areas. This included improvements in handwashing practice with an increase in the number of areas correctly washed in 65.5% of the public, and 57.9% of healthcare workers. The videos were then further optimized with feedback from participants followed by another round of retesting. Conclusions Detailed information on gaps in knowledge, attitudes and practice among the general public and healthcare workers regarding COVID-19 transmission and its prevention were obtained from a combination of questionnaires and observations. This was used to produce targeted educational videos which addressed these gaps with subsequent improvements on retesting. The resulting videos were then disseminated as a resource to aid in efforts to fight COVID-19 in Thailand and worldwide.

Mass SARS-CoV-2 Testing in a Dormitory-Style Correctional Facility in Arkansas

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e10
Author(s):  
Lindsay K. Tompkins ◽  
Jayleen K. L. Gunn ◽  
Blake Cherney ◽  
Jason E. Ham ◽  
Roberta Horth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Correctional Facility ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Respiratory Specimens

Objectives. To assess SARS-CoV-2 transmission within a correctional facility and recommend mitigation strategies. Methods. From April 29 to May 15, 2020, we established the point prevalence of COVID-19 among incarcerated persons and staff within a correctional facility in Arkansas. Participants provided respiratory specimens for SARS-CoV-2 testing and completed questionnaires on symptoms and factors associated with transmission. Results. Of 1647 incarcerated persons and 128 staff tested, 30.5% of incarcerated persons (range by housing unit = 0.0%–58.2%) and 2.3% of staff tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Among those who tested positive and responded to symptom questions (431 incarcerated persons, 3 staff), 81.2% and 33.3% were asymptomatic, respectively. Most incarcerated persons (58.0%) reported wearing cloth face coverings 8 hours or less per day, and 63.3% reported close contact with someone other than their bunkmate. Conclusions. If testing remained limited to symptomatic individuals, fewer cases would have been detected or detection would have been delayed, allowing transmission to continue. Rapid implementation of mass testing and strict enforcement of infection prevention and control measures may be needed to mitigate spread of SARS-CoV-2 in this setting. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print March 18, 2021: e1–e10. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.306117 )

AMR: effective infection prevention and control measures

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 390-395
Author(s):  
Naomi Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Practice Nurses ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
And Control

Antimicrobial resistance is on the rise. As more infections are becoming resistant to antibiotic treatment, it would benefit practice nurses to be aware of the effective measures they can use to prevent the spread of infection, explains Naomi Fleming When micro-organisms are exposed to an antimicrobial, more susceptible organisms succumb, leaving behind those resistant to the antimicrobial. They can then pass on resistance to their offspring. The use and misuse of antimicrobials has increased the number and types of resistant organisms. As a result, standard treatments become ineffective and infections persist and may spread. Infection prevention and control (IPC) is key to reducing demand for antimicrobial use and reducing the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance. Poor IPC can increase the spread of drug-resistant infections. Interventions such as effective hand hygiene and vaccination have significant potential to limit opportunities for drug-resistant strains to emerge. Effective leadership is vital and nurses are central to promoting IPC, leading on IPC compliance and ensuring uptake of vaccination in primary care.

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