scholarly journals Inheritance of length and weight of mature larvae in six-parent diallel crosses of Mulberry Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
HA Rashid ◽  
MK Ahsan ◽  
MA Hasan ◽  
I Mahfus
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mulberry Silkworm ◽  
Dominant Genes

Context: To gain a better understanding of the nature of gene action involved in the inheritance of quantitative characters can be obtained through the use of diallel cross analytical approach for the choice of desirable parents and the formulation of an effective breeding programme. Objectives: The aim was to study the nature and magnitude of gene action of inheritance for quantitative traits, length and weight of mature larvae in B. mori through six-parent diallel cross analysis in four rearing seasons Materials and Methods: Six inbred varieties of B. mori were used as parents for a diallel cross. The experiment was conducted in four rearing seasons. Mature larval length (cm) and weight (gm) were collected for statistical analysis. The data were analyzed following the biometrical techniques proposed by Jinks and Hayman (1953), Hayman (1954), Dickinson and Jinks (1956) and Jhonson and Aksel (1964). Results: In the Hayman’s analysis of variance for length and weight of mature larvae the items ‘a’ and ‘b’ were found to be significant against all the three tests of significance. The item ‘b2’ was significant for the seasons S-2 and S-3 and the ‘b3’ item was significant for all the seasons. The Items ‘c’ and ‘d’ were insignificant in all the seasons. The regressions of Wr on Vr for majority of the seasons were significant but did not deviate significantly from unit slope. The varieties Nistari, Nistari oval (G) and NanNung7B of S-1, S-2 and S-4, and Nistari of S-3 for length of larvae and Nistari and Nistari oval (G) of S-1, S-2 and S-3 and Nistari, Nistari oval (G) and Nan Nung 7B of S-4 for larval weight possessed an excess of recessive genes of negative effect. But Nistari oval (G) in S-3 for LL possessed excess of recessive genes with positive effects. On the other hand BSRI-95, BSRI-98 and BV (high) in S-1, S-2 and S-4, and Nan Nung 7B, BSRI-98 and BV(high) in S-3 for LL and BSRI-95, BSRI-98 and BV(high) in S-1, S-2 and S-3, and BSRI-95 and BV(high) in S-4 for LW possessed an excess of dominant genes, which was positive in nature. In S-3 only BSRI-95 for LL and NanNung7B in S-1, S-2 and S-3 and BSRI-98 in S-4 for LW possessed an excess of dominant genes of negative nature. At least one group of dominant genes was involved in controlling these characters. The broad sense heritability was high in all seasons for both the characters whereas the narrow sense heritability was moderate for majority of the seasons except S-3 and S-4 for LW. Conclusion: High heritability, dominant and recessive gene effects suggest that these parents could be used to develop better lines in respect of larval characters investigated in this study and selection programmes will be effective in early generations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v21i0.22522 J. bio-sci. 21: 77-87, 2013

scholarly journals Evaluating Genetic Parameters and Combining Ability of Starch Viscosity Parameters in Rice Cultivars (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Alireza Haghighi Hasanalideh ◽  
Mehrzad Allahgholipour ◽  
Ezatollah Farshadfar
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Additive Gene

This study was undertaken to assess the combining ability of 6 rice varieties, for viscosity parameters and determining gene action controlling Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) characters. F2 progenies derived from a 6×6 half diallel mating design with their parents were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII) in 2015. The diallel analysis by Griffing`s method indicated the involvement of additive and non-additive gene actions controlling RVA traits. For traits PV and FV RI18447-2 and IR50 were the best combiners for increasing and decreasing, respectively. Deylamani and IR50 were the best combiners for increasing and decreasing BV, respectively. Beside, due to more portion of non-additive gene action in controlling trait SV, The Gilaneh × RI18430-46, and Deylamani × RI18430-46 crosses were the best for increasing and decreasing SV, respectively. The high estimates of broad sense heritability and narrow sense heritability for BV and FV, indicated the importance of additive effects in expression of these traits. Therefore, selection base breeding methods will be useful to improve these traits and selection in the early generations could be done to fix the favourable genes. Low estimate of narrow sense heritability for SV revealed that non-additive gene effects play important role in controlling setback viscosity. So, hybrid base breeding methods will be useful to improve this trait.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis for panicle characters in diallel cross of rice

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-638
Author(s):  
KM Iftekharuddaula ◽  
MA Newaz ◽  
MA Salam ◽  
Khaleda Akter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Primary Branch ◽  
Secondary Branch ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Dominant Genes

An experiment was carried out to study the genetic components for eight panicle characters in rice using an 8-parent half diallel cross excluding reciprocals during Transplant Aman season, 2003. The parental genotypes used in the study were BRRI dhan29, BR4828-54-4-l-4-9, BRR1 dhan28, 1R8, Amol3, 1R65610-38-2-4-2-6-3, Minikit and ZhongYu7, which were chosen for their diversity in panicle characters. Hayman's analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated importance of both additive and non-additive genetic components for all the panicle characters except dominance component for filled grains/secondary branches. The ANOVA showed unidirectional dominance for the characters viz, primary branch length, secondary branch length, primary branches/panicle, secondary branches/panicle and filled grains/primary branch, asymmetrical gene distribution for all the panicle traits except filled grains/secondary branch and residual dominance effects for all the panicle characters studied. Two out of eight panicle characters viz., primary branches/panicle and unfilled grains/ secondary branch followed the simple additive-dominance genetic model. The rest of the panicle characters showed nonallelic gene interaction or epistasis. According to Vr-Wr graph, partial dominance was involved in the action of genes governing the inheritance of primary branches/panicle, while complete dominance was involved in the inheritance of unfilled grains/secondary branch. Most of the dominant genes for primary branches/panicle belonged to other hand, 1R8 possessed most of the dominant genes, while 1R65610-38-2-4-2-6-3 possessed most of the recessive genes for unfilled grains/secondary branch. The estimates of components of variance demonstrated involvement of both additive and dominant components in the inheritance of primary branches/panicle and unfilled grains/secondary branch. The distribution of dominant and recessive genes was unequal in the parents for these two characters also. There was drastic influence of environment on these two panicle characters following simple additive-dominance genetic model. Heritability in narrow sense (h2 ns) was very high for primary branches/panicle and unfilled grains/secondary branch. Key Words: Genetic analysis, diallel cross, panicle characters, rice. doi: 10.3329/bjar.v33i4.2307 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(4) : 631-638, December 2008

scholarly journals GENE ACTION OF AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
P. S. Biswas ◽  
M. Enamul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Days To Heading

Six parent diallel cross without reciprocal was studied to investigate the genetic behavior of different agronomic traits in rice. The analysis of Wr-Vr graph showed that panicle length, thousand grain weight and grain yield per plant did not follow the additive-dominance model indicating epistatic gene action responsible for the expression of these traits. All other traits under the study were conditioned by overdominance gene action except grains per panicle, which was controlled by partial dominance. The Yr? – (Vr + Wr)? graph revealed random distribution of dominant and recessive gene in expressing different traits in different parent, while correlation between parental mean and parental order of dominance indicated increasing effect of dominant gene for all the traits except days to heading and % spikelet sterility.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i2.17033

scholarly journals DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF ROUGH BLOSSOM-END SCARRING IN TOMATO

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1172e-1172
Author(s):  
J. H. M. Barten ◽  
J. W. Scott ◽  
J. Elkind ◽  
N. Kedar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Half Diallel

A half diallel including 11 parents was conducted under high temp. conditions in Florida and low temp. conditions in Israel. Blossom scar (BS) size was measured relative to the fruit size for 20 mature fruits per plot. Griffing's analysis showed that both GCA and SCA effects were highly significant at both locations (p< 0.0001). Analysis according to Hayman indicated no epistatic effects. In both environments, additive and dominant gene action was significant (p < 0.0005), although the additive gene effects were most important. Averaged over all loci, the incomplete dominance was in the direction of small BS. Narrow sense heritability estimates were 0.62 and 0.57 for Florida and Israel, respectively. Combined analysis showed that the genetic system was unstable over the 2 environments, as both additive and dominant gene effects interacted significantly with environment (p < 0.0001). The implication for breeding programs is that hybrid performance should be tested at several locations to insure stability of small BS.

DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF THE INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO RACE 6 OF PLASMODIOPHORA BRASSICAE IN CABBAGE

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. CHIANG ◽  
R. CRÊTE
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Gene Group ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
High Dominance ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

A randomized complete block experiment of a 4 × 4 diallel cross was conducted in the greenhouse to study the inheritance of resistance to race 6 of Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). Results show that additive genetic effects are high; dominance effects are also present but much lower as compared to the additive effects. It appears that there is only one major gene group showing dominance. Cultivar Badger Shipper carries the most recessive genes among the four parents studied. The narrow sense heritability is estimated at 83%.

COMPONENTS OF GENETIC VARIATION FOR SOME QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS IN DIPLOID COTTON (G. HERBACEUM L.)

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-504
Author(s):  
M. S. Patil ◽  
S. W. Mensinkai
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Boll Weight ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Diploid Cotton ◽  
Seed Index

Genetic analysis of some quantitative traits of cotton through diallel cross technique revealed that both additive and dominant inheritance were important for all the seven characters studied excepting boll weight which showed predominantly nonadditive gene effects. However, the dominance component was higher than the additive component and overdominance was observed for all the seven characters studied. Therefore reciprocal recurrent selection is suggested for the improvement of yield in the present material.Heritability was relatively high for seeds per boll and lint index, medium for yield, and low for the remaining characters. The average frequency of positive and negative genes was asymmetrically distributed in the parents for all the seven characters. There were more dominant than recessive genes for all the characters except boll weight. The direction of dominance was positive for all the characters except yield and seed index. At least one group of dominant genes appeared to be responsible for the control of yield, boll number and seed index, while at least 5, 11 and 12 effective factors appeared to be controlling seeds per boll, lint index and lint per cent, respectively. But a large number of dominant factors was involved in the control of boll weight.

Effects of gene dosage on light harvesting chlorophyll accumulation, chloroplast development, and photosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2118-2123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Freeman ◽  
Murray E. Duysen ◽  
Norman D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Photosystem I ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Chlorophyll Accumulation ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Dominant Genes

The CD3 mutation is known to be located in chromosome 7D. CD3 plants were crossed with monosomic ‘Chinese Spring’ plants. The resulting F1 plants were selfed to yield the F2 with varying ratios of dominant to recessive genes. Chlorophyll accumulation increased and the chlorophyll a/b ratio decreased as the dominant to recessive gene ratio increased. With a decrease in dominant genes the electron transport rate increased. This increase was greater at high fluence than at low fluence because of a chlorophyll deficiency. Fluorescence induction curves indicated that it was the electron transport chain that was inhibited in plants with a low dominant to recessive gene ratio. These plants were also more deficient in the light harvesting pigment complexes of photosystem I and photosystem II and in the 110-kDa photosystem I protein than those having a high dominant to recessive gene ratio. As the ratio of dominant to recessive genes decreased, there was a decrease in the number of grana and in the number of thylakoids per granum.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters controlling the inheritance of glaucousness and yield traits in bread wheat

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. M. Al-Naggar ◽  
K. F. Al-Azab ◽  
A. S. M. Younis ◽  
I. O. Hassan ◽  
M. A. E. Basyouny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Allelic Interaction ◽  
Wheat Cross

Abstract Wheat breeders frequently use generation mean analysis to obtain information on the type of gene action involved in inheriting a trait to choose the helpful breeding procedure for trait improvement. The present study was carried out to study the inter-allelic and intra-allelic gene action and inheritance of glaucousness, earliness and yield traits in a bread wheat cross between divergent parents in glaucousness and yield traits; namely Mut-2 (P1) and Sakha 93 (P2). The experimental material included six populations, i.e. P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2 for this wheat cross. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used, and a six parameters model was applied. Additive effects were generally more critical than dominance for all studied traits, except for plant height (PH) and grain yield/plant (GYPP). The duplicate epistasis was observed in spike length; SL, spikes/plant; SPP and days to heading; DTH. All six types of allelic and non-allelic interaction effects controlled SL, GYPP, DTH and glaucousness. All three types of epistasis, i.e. additive x additive, additive x dominance, and dominance x dominance, are essential in determining the inheritance of four traits (SL, GYPP, DTH and glaucousness). Dominance × dominance effects were higher in magnitude than additive × dominance and additive × additive in most traits. The average degree of dominance was minor than unity in six traits (glaucousness, grains/spike, spike weight, days to maturity, 100-grain weight and SL), indicating partial dominance and selection for these traits might be more effective in early generations. Meanwhile, the remaining traits (PH, SPP, GYPP and DTH) had a degree of dominance more than unity, indicating that overdominance gene effects control such traits and it is preferable to postpone selection to later generations. The highest values of narrow-sense heritability and genetic advance were recorded by glaucousness trait followed by SL and SPP, indicating that selection in segregating generations would be more effective than other traits.

scholarly journals Inheritance mechanism of yield and yield components in tomato

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
MA Goffar ◽  
A Ahmed ◽  
GMA Halim
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Dominant Genes ◽  
Number Of Seeds

A set of 9x9 half diallel cross comprising of promising genotypes was studied to analyze the inheritance pattern of yield components in tomato. Hayman’s analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated importance of both additive and nonadditive genetic components for all the thirteen yield contributing characters. The ANOVA showed unidirectional dominance, asymmetrical gene distribution and residual dominance effects for all the characters studied. Five out of the thirteen characters viz., number of flowers/cluster, individual fruit weight, fruit breadth, number of locules and number of seeds/fruit followed the simple additive-dominance genetic model. The rest of the characters showed non-allelic gene interaction or epistasis. P6 had most of the dominant genes for both number of flowers/cluster and number of locules, while P3 contained most dominant genes for individual fruit weight and P5 possessed that for both fruit breadth and number of seeds/fruit. The estimates of components of variance demonstrated involvement of both additive and dominant components in the inheritance of all those five characters. The distribution of dominant and recessive genes was equal in the parents for only fruit breadth. There was drastic influence of environment on these characters following simple additive-dominance genetic model except fruit breadth.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(2): 335-344, June 2016

scholarly journals GENETIC CONTROL OF QUERCETIN FORMATION IN THE ALEURONE TISSUE OF MAIZE

Genetics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-292
Author(s):  
A R Reddy ◽  
G M Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Action Sequence ◽  
Aleurone Tissue ◽  
Dominant Genes

ABSTRACT The genes C, C2, R, A, A2, Bz, Bz2 and Pr are required for the formation of purple anthocyanin in the aleurone tissue of maize, and the recessive gene(s) result in non-purple (red, bronze and colorless). Aleurone extracts of recessive a and certain double recessive combinations were analyzed by paper chromatography, absorption spectra in the ultraviolet (UV) and infrared, mass spectra, and other analytical techniques. Homozygous recessive a tissue accumulates the flavonol, quercetin, while the double combinations a c and a r lack it, suggesting that dominant genes C and R are required for its formation and act prior to A in the synthesis of flavonols, as in the gene action sequence for anthocyanin synthesis. Dominant C-I inhibits the formation of quercetin, whereas Bz, Bz2 and In do not affect its formation. These results suggest a close biogenetic relationship between quercetin and cyanidin-3-glucoside and also independently confirm the position of A in both sequences.

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