scholarly journals The Effect of Nigella Sativa Linn (Kalajira) Extract on Gentamicin- Induced Nephrotoxicity in Experimental Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Rukhsana Quadir ◽  
Md Ismail Khan ◽  
Eliza Omar Eva ◽  
Hasanur Rahman ◽  
Faizul Ahasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Free Radical Scavengers ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Tubular Damage ◽  
Dose Treatment ◽  
High Dose Treatment

The pathogenesis of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity has shown to generate oxygen free radicals. Several free radical scavengers are well recognized to ameliorate the nephrotoxicity. The seeds and oil of nigella sativa were reported to possess strong antioxidant properties and was effective against disease and chemically-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.The experiments were carried out in two parts, Experiment I and Experiment II, on a total of 35 rats of 8-12 weeks old and weighing between 200 and 230g. Nephrotoxicity and amelioration of nephrotoxicity was evaluated by measurement of concentrations of serum creatinine. The rats were induced nephrotoxicity by subcutaneous injection of gentamicin 100mg/kg/day for 9 days and were sacrificed on 10th day. The results indicated that gentamicin treatment caused marked renal tubular damage significant increase (P<0.001) of serum creatinine concentrations when compared to those of control.When n-hexane extract of N.sativa was administered as low and high dose with gentamicin and compared with the gentamicin treated groups, it was found that in these two groups there was significant decrease (P<0.001) of serum creatinine levels. When these two groups were compared with each other, it was observed that more amelioration occurred significantly in high dose treatment group than in the low dose treatment group. This study established that oral administration of n-hexane extract of N. sativa was able to produce considerable improvement from the nephrotoxic action of gentamicin in rats. The best amelioration was obtained in high dose treatment. Low dose treatment brought out the least amelioration of them all. Future works could better be directed towards obtaining the specific ingredient and the specific mechanism responsible for nephroprotection. We are hopeful that complete amelioration might not be impossible if given in proper doses or more effectively if we could extract the actual ingredients responsible for nephroprotection and can use them eventually.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 25, No.2, October, 2016, Page 119-123

Low-dose Estrogen Is as Effective as High-dose Treatment in Rats With Postmenopausal Hypertension

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Campos ◽  
Carmem L. Sartorio ◽  
Karina R. Casali ◽  
Rafael O. Fernandes ◽  
Susana Llesuy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dose Treatment ◽  
High Dose Treatment

Bilirubin Photoisomerization in Premature Neonates Under Low- and High-Dose Phototherapy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
Andrew T. Costarino ◽  
John F. Ennever ◽  
Stephen Baumgart ◽  
William T. Speck ◽  
Mary Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Structural Isomer ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Structural Isomers ◽  
Dose Treatment ◽  
High Dose Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference

Photoisomerization of native bilirubin to more polar configurational isomers (Z,E-bilirubin) and structural isomers (lumirubin) was studied in 20 premature infants with physiologic jaundice to determine the effect of low-dose (6 µW/cm2nm) v high-dose (12 µW/cm2/nm) phototherapy. Patients were assigned prospectively to receive either low- or high-dose treatment. Study groups were comparable with regard to birth weight, gestational age, and total bilirubin prior to the initiation of phototherapy. Treatment was administered with white light produced by a commercially available halogen-tungsten lamp. Dose was measured periodically during the study to ensure a uniform distribution of irradiance and constant exposure. Sera for photoisomers were obtained before initiation of treatment and at two, four, and eight hours. Photoisomers expressed as a percent of total bilirubin were determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Serum proportion of both configurational and structural isomers increased with the duration of phototherapy in both treatment groups. There was no significant difference between the percent of configurational isomers in low- and high-dose phototherapy groups. However, high-dose treatment produced a significantly higher proportion of the structural isomer lumirubin after four hours (0.7% low dose v 1.3% high dose, P &lt; .05). These data confirm that phototherapy results in both configurational and structural isomerization of bilirubin in vivo. Furthermore, the previously described "dose" effect of phototherapy may be attributed to the production of the structural isomer, lumirubin.

CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH LH-RH IN GOLDEN HAMSTERS

1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sandow ◽  
M. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dose Treatment ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
High Dose Treatment ◽  
Gonadal Atrophy ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Lh Rh

ABSTRACT Male golden hamsters were treated with low doses (50 or 100 ng) or high doses (500–1000 ng) of LH-RH for periods of 10 to 21 days. Gonadal atrophy was induced by blinding. Treatment of intact hamsters with high doses of LH-RH reduced pituitary sensitivity to a test dose of LH-RH given at the end of the experiment. Concomitantly, testis and seminal vesicles were reduced in weight. In blind hamsters with gonadal atrophy, low dose treatment with LH-RH for 21 days reversed testicular atrophy and restored spermatogenesis, while the high dose treatment partly reversed testicular atrophy (viz. increased tubular diameter) but inhibited spermatogenesis. Low dose treatment also increased testicular and seminal vesicles weight in blinded hamsters, whereas high dose treatment did not change these parameters. It is concluded, that a positive effect on testicular function may only be obtained by low dose treatment with LH-RH, whereas high dose treatment induces a negative feedback blocking the effect of LH-RH on pituitary gonadotrophin secretion.

scholarly journals Glycerol Monocaprylate Modulates Gut Microbiota and Increases Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production without Adverse Effects on Metabolism and Inflammation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Junhui Zhang ◽  
Fengqin Feng ◽  
Minjie Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dose Treatment ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Glycerol monocaprylate (GMC) is a glycerol derivative of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and is widely used as a preservative in food processing. However, GMC and its hydrolytic acid (octylic acid) have antibacterial properties that may affect the physiology and intestinal microecology of the human body. Therefore, in this study, the effects of two different dosages of GMC (150 and 1600 mg kg−1) on glucose, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and intestinal microecology of normal diet-fed C57BL/6 mice were comprehensively investigated. The obtained results showed that the level of triglycerides (TGs) in the low-dose group down-regulated significantly, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) significantly increased, while the pro-inflammatory cytokines monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1β) in the high-dose group were significantly decreased. Importantly, GMC promoted the α-diversity of gut microbiota in normal-diet-fed mice, regardless of dosages. Additionally, it was found that the low-dose treatment of GMC significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, while the high-dose treatment of GMC significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producers such as Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcus. Moreover, the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was significantly increased by GMC supplementation. Thus, our research provides a novel insight into the effects of GMC on gut microbiota and physiological characteristics.

P162 clinical pharmacokinetics of etoposide during high-dose treatment in relation to toxicity

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
S. Stremetzne ◽  
U. Jaehde ◽  
J. Beyer ◽  
J. Steuer ◽  
W. Siegert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Dose ◽  
Clinical Pharmacokinetics ◽  
Dose Treatment ◽  
High Dose Treatment

Ferulic Acid Dose Effect on Pharmacokinetics of Glimepiride and its Metabolite Hydroxy Glimepiride in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxian Lin ◽  
Faxin Sun ◽  
Jinlai Liu ◽  
Qinghua Weng ◽  
Lijun Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
High Dose Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: To mitigate diabetes and its complications in cardiovascular diseases, the antidiabetic agent glimepiride is usually administered with ferulic acid concomitantly in clinics. However, both drugs are prone to be metabolized partly by CYP2C9, thus they have the potential drug-drug interaction affecting the safety and efficacy. Objective: This project aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) effects of ferulic acid (FA) on glimepiride (GLM) and its metabolite hydroxy glimepiride (OH-GLM) in plasma by using the HPLC-MS/MS method. Methods: Healthy male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups. They received intragastric administration of 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), low-dose FA (20 mg•kg-1), and high-dose FA (40 mg•kg-1) for 8 days, respectively. Rats were given 0.5% sodium CMC or FA on the last day and then uniformly given 1.0 mg•kg-1 glimepiride by gavage. Blood samples were obtained from retro-orbital plexus at the time points of 0.167, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h after administration. Plasma samples were analyzed for GLM and its metabolite OH-GLM on an HPLC-MS/MS system. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in the effect of low-dose FA on the pharmacokinetics of GLM. High-dose FA significantly decreased Cmax of GLM by 30.05% and CLz/F of OH-GLM by 47.45%. It also increased Tmax and t1/2z of GLM by 95.87% and 140.00%. Conclusion: Low-dose FA did not alter GLM metabolism, while high-dose treatment of FA caused pharmacokinetics interaction with GLM in rats.

Clinical use of High-Dose Neuroleptics

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Hirsch ◽  
Thomas R. E. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
British National Formulary ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
National Formulary ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Neuroleptic Treatment ◽  
Clinical Issues ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Dose Treatment ◽  
High Dose Treatment

There has been increasing public concern about the risks of high-dose antipsychotic (neuroleptic) treatment, arising in part from an, as yet unproven, association between high-dose treatment and death in a small minority of patients. The clinical issues related to the use of neuroleptics in doses exceeding the maximum recommended in theBritish National Formulary(BNF) were discussed at the Psychopharmacology Subcommittee. When, if ever, should the recommended doses be exceeded?

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document