scholarly journals Tribal womens involvement with pig farming in Bangladesh: an evidence of Moulvibazar district

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-127
Author(s):  
R Khanum ◽  
MSA Mahadi ◽  
MS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Model Average ◽  
Pig Farming ◽  
Benefit Cost

The study examined the profitability and factors affecting farm income from pig farming in Moulvibazar district of Bangladesh. A multistage sampling technique was followed to select 70tribal women entrepreneurs involved with pig farming. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, benefit-cost analysis, and linear regression model. Average age of pig entrepreneurs was 39.47 years which indicates that they are young and agile. About 71% of Garo entrepreneurs had experience for pig farming. The cost and return analysis showed that in one year, the gross margin was Tk. 56743.70, while the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) was 1.19 indicating that the enterprise is profitable. Regression analysis revealed that three variables namely farm size, age of the respondent and experience of pig farming are significant factors affecting farm income. Thus, it was recommended that tribal women should be encouraged to practice pig farming to overcome their low income and unemployment situation.SAARC J. Agri., 16(1): 115-127 (2018)

scholarly journals Socio-economic characteristics of registered cocoa farmers in Edo State, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
C.O. Osarenren ◽  
J.O. Ejuetueyin ◽  
K.I. Eweka
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Cocoa Farmers

This study examined the socio-economic characteristics of registered cocoa farmers in Edo State; Nigeria. Primary data was collected using a well structured questionnaire administered to 180 registered cocoa farmers selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and budgetary technique. Results showed that 88.9% of cocoa farmers were male with a mean range of 46 years with 75% being married and 88.8% having formal education. The budgetary technique was used to determine the profitability of cocoa production, which was found to be profitable in the study area at a gross margin of N66, 350, Net Farm Income of N59, 200, and net return on investment of N 1.11.The Benefit Cost Ratio and Expense Structure Ratio of 2.11 and 0.12 respectively indicated that cocoa production was economically profitable and viable since the BCR is greater than 1 and the Gross Ratio (GR) of cocoa production is 0.47. From these profitability ratios, it shows that cocoa production is a profitable business in the study area. Inadequate finance to operate on large scale was found to be the major constraint to the cocoa farmers in the study area. The study concludes that cocoa production is profitable and was recommended that production could be improved and sustained through provision of soft loans to the farmers.Keywords: socio-economics, characteristics, registered cocoa farmers

scholarly journals Production and marketing of organic coffee in Nepal

2018 ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
J. Pandit ◽  
J. P. Dutta ◽  
P. P. Regmi ◽  
S. M. Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Variable Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Marketing Systems ◽  
Marketing Information ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Ground Coffee

A survey research was carried out in 2008 in Kavrepalanchok, Sindhupalchok, Gulmi, Palpa and Syangja districts and Kathmandu valley to analyze the factors affecting coffee production and analyze the present marketing systems of coffee. One coffee producers’ group from each district was selected. All coffee growers of these selected groups were taken as sample. Altogether, 132 coffee growers were interviewed. For marketing information, 4 processors and traders were also interviewed. Manure, organic solution and labor were using for coffee production. The average variable cost of production was maximum in Syangja, which was Rs 85604.83 per ha. Gross margin and benefit cost ratio of coffee production were maximum in Syangja, which were Rs 176173.57 per ha and 2.71, respectively. The number of productive plant was the significant factor affecting production in Kavrepalanchok, Sindhupalchok, Palpa and Syangja. Labor was the significant factor affecting production in Sindhupalchok, Gulmi, Palpa and Syangja. Marketing margin was Rs 52.88 and Rs 50.46 per kg of fresh cherry in the form of roasted bean and ground coffee, respectively. Producers’ share of fresh cherry after processed to roasted bean and ground coffee was 32.96 percent and 34.00 percent, respectively.Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science. Vol. 33-34, 2015, Page: 91-99

scholarly journals Benefit Cost Analysis of Different Rice Varieties in Kapilvastu District, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Sundar Sapkota ◽  
Sanjib Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Rice Variety ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Benefit Cost

Rice is an annual plant belongs to family Poaceae. It is the major staple food crop of Nepal and can be grown from plain to mountainous regions of Nepal. The crop varieties differ from each other in terms of production cost, gross return and gross margin. The objective of this study was to analyze benefit cost ratio for production of different rice varieties. The study was carried out in Kapilvastu district of Nepal in 2018. A sample size of 120 respondents were selected randomly. Four different rice varieties: Gorakhnath, Radha-4, Ramdhan, and Sawa were used for the study. The primary data were collected through household survey using interview schedule. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Microsoft Excel. The average cost of production was amounted to NRs. 77,100/ha for all four rice varieties. Sawa variety had the highest gross return (NRs. 1,01,212.5/ha). The benefit cost ratio was observed highest for Sawa (1.312) and lowest for Radha-4 variety (1.005). Sawa is the most economic rice variety in terms of gross and net production in the study area. The findings will help farmers to choose and cultivate rice variety with greater profitability. It is recommended that concerned authorities should give emphasis on subsidies, farmers training and ensuring floor price of rice.  Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(2): 222-226

scholarly journals Cost and Returns Analysis of Groundnut Production in Qua’an Pan Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
A. A. Dalla ◽  
S. K. Vihi ◽  
B. Jesse ◽  
L. G. Tor
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Plateau State

This study assessed cost and returns analysis of groundnut production in Qua’an Pan Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine the socio economic characteristics of groundnut producers in the study area, estimate the cost and returns of groundnut production, determine the input and output relationship in groundnut production and identify the constraints faced by groundnut farmers in the study area. Multistage sampling technique was used in selecting 150 respondents for the study. Primary data were collected through the use of structured questionnaires and interview technique and were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results obtained from the study revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 38 years with males dominating (82%) the groundnut production enterprise in the study area. Greater (85%) percentages of respondents were married with majority (64%) of them having primary school education. The respondents had an average household size of nine (9) persons, a mean farming experience of 9.3 years and an average farm size of 3.0 hectares. The result also revealed that majority (72%) of the respondents did not belong to any cooperative/ farming association. The result indicates that majority (79%) of the groundnut farmers acquired their farmland by inheritance. Groundnut production in the study area is profitable. The average output obtained per hectare was 696 kg at the prevailing selling price of ₦280/kg. The total revenue (TR), gross margin (GM) and, net farm income (NFI) per hectare obtained were ₦194880, ₦139380 and ₦123730 respectively. The return on naira invested (RNI) by farmers in the study area was ₦1.70 indicating that for every one naira invested, ₦1.70 profit was gained. The result of the double log production function analysis shows that farm size, cost of fertilizer and cost of labour were statistically significant and influenced the profitability of groundnut production.  Major constraints to groundnut production in the study area include; high cost of inputs (64 %), high cost of labour (49 %), lack of organized market system (47%), land tenure (42%) among others. The study recommends that groundnut stakeholders and research institutes should work more on introducing new improved groundnut varieties. Government should subsidize groundnut inputs like recommended fertilizer and herbicides so as to motivate farmers to grow groundnut. Government should establish organized marketing systems where farmers will have proper and reliable linkages with buyers thereby reducing the undue exploitative tendencies of the middlemen.  Improved storage facilities should be provided so that farmers could store their produce to avoid spoilage and for sale during times of scarcity.

scholarly journals PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS AND DETERMINANTS OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogea) PRODUCTION IN DAMBATTA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KANO STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
C. G. Onuwa ◽  
S. S. Mailumo ◽  
S. Y. Muhammed
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Profitability Analysis

This study analyzed the profitability and determinants of groundnut production in Dambatta Local Government Area of Kano state. Multi-stage sampling technique was used in collecting data from eighty (80) respondents in the study area. The data generated were analyzed using descriptive statistics, farm budgeting model and regression analysis. The results revealed that the gross margin and net farm income of the farmers were N71400/ha and N59400/ha respectively. Also, the fixed and operating ratios were estimated at 0.1 and 0.41 respectively, while the benefit- cost ratio was N1.98. The coefficient of multiple determination (R2) was 0.739, implying that about 74% of the variation in the output of groundnut was accounted for by the explanatory variable inputs in the regression model. The regression coefficients of Farm size(X1) and Credit(X6) were positive and statistically significant at (p< 0.01), labour (X2) and Agrochemical(X5) were also positive and statistically significant at (p< 0.1), while Fertilizer(X4) was also positive and statistically significant at (p<0.05). The major constraints associated with groundnut production in the study area include; inadequate capital (86%), high cost of production inputs (83%) and lack of access to agricultural credit (78%). The study recommended that if these constraints are adequately tackled the productivity and profitability of the groundnut farmers will significantly improve. Onuwa, C. G. | Department of Agricultural Extension and Management, Federal College of Forestry, Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria

scholarly journals Optimum poultry enterprise combinations among small holder farmers in Osun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
T. T. Awogboro ◽  
W. A. Yusuf ◽  
S. A. Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Programming Model ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Small Holder Farmers ◽  
Poultry Farmers ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Small Holder

Poultry farmers are confronted with choice for efficient allocationof farm resources between the different enterprises so as to optimize production objectives. The study therefore, was focused on optimum poultry enterprise combinations among small holder farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected using questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary technique and linear programming model. Of the seven poultry enterprises identified, the most profitable enterprise combination was that of layers/broilers with a benefit cost ratio of 1.92 while the enterprise that yielded the least net farm income was the sole cockerel which had a benefit cost ratio of 1.57.The profitability of sole and combined poultry enterprises was limited by high cost of production in which the feed cost constitutesmore than three-quarter of the total cost. Although, the optimal poultry enterprise combination was layers/broilers, the farmers in the study area attested to the fact that poultry business was still highly profitable.It is therefore recommended that both farmers and government must partner to find a means of reducing feed cost by financing poultry research. Also, poultry farmers should concentrate and intensify their poultrycombination practices especially that of layers/broilers, which may be the appropriateoptimal combination enterprise.

scholarly journals Economics of orthodox tea production: a case of Ilam, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
A. Tiwari ◽  
K.B. Adhikari ◽  
S.M. Dhungana
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Vertical Coordination ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Price Instability ◽  
Benefit Cost

Research on economic analysis of conventional orthodox tea in Ilam district of Nepal was conducted by selecting Fikkal and Kanyam area of Suryodaya Municipality purposely. The average area under tea cultivation was 0.67 hectares per household in Fikkal area and 0.57 hectares per household in Kanyam area. The average productivity of green leaf in Fikkal area was found slightly higher than Kanyam area. The average cost of green leaf production per ropani in Fikkal area was found higher than Kanyam area. It was more in small category compared to large category in both study area. This signified the principle of economies of scale. Gross margin per hectares was positively correlated with increased farm size in both the study areas. Overall benefit-cost ratio was greater than one in both the study areas. The study revealed the scarcity of quality inputs and inadequate technical knowhow, quick perishability of green leaf, price instability, and unavailability of auction market, weak horizontal coordination and vertical coordination at the different stages of tea value chains were the major problems in the study area.

scholarly journals Determinants of Adoption of New Agricultural Technologies by Cooperative Farmers in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
Onuoha, Onyekachi Chibueze ◽  
Umebali, Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Institutional Factor ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Frequency Of Contact

Globally, advanced technologies are invented or discovered for the improvement of farming activities. In Nigeria, such technologies are gradually being available from research institutes and imported technologies. The low outputs of farms suggest that these technologies seem not to be highly adopted in Nigeria and the factors that determine the adoption of these technologies are yet to be explored. The study examined the socio-economic and institutional determinants of the adoption of new agricultural technologies by cooperative farmers in Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select three hundred and twenty farmers (160 individual farmers and 160 co-operative farmers), statistically derived using the Taro Yamane formula. The data used for this study were sourced from primary data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were deployed in the analysis of data. Findings revealed that sex, marital status, farm size and annual farm income socio-economic are the socioeconomic factors affecting the adoption of new agricultural technologies while the frequency of contact with extension agents is the key institutional factor affecting the adoption of agricultural technologies. Recommendations made include that extension services should be improved by the Agricultural Development Programme. There should be at least two extension agents to each community who should visit the farms regularly and expose the farmers to the latest agricultural technologies through Small Plots Adoption Trials (SPATS) and On-Farm Adaptive Research. The extension service workers in ADP should enjoin individual farmers to form effective groups (Co-operative Societies) for easy diffusion of the agricultural technological innovations.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Maize Intercropped with Some Major Food Crops in Southwestern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
O.A. Egbetokun ◽  
S. Ajijola ◽  
O.A. Awolola ◽  
D.O. Awoyemi
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Major Food ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Farming Households

Abstract In Nigeria, the traditional farmer finds it more satisfactory to plant a diversity of crops than planting sole. It is cheaper for farmers to grow many crops of their own requirements than to buy them. Hence, intercrop has remained the traditional farming practice in many other developing nations. Maize is a major cereal crop grown by all farming households all over Nigeria in combination with other crops. There are many studies on intercropping of maize with other food crops in Nigeria; however, many of these studies do not bother to look into the economics of intercrop. Therefore, this study examines the economic profitability of maize intercropped with major food crops in Southwestern Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed in the study. A total of 138 questionnaire were used for analysis. Information was collected on socio-economic characteristics of the farming households, cropping systems, cost of labour input, cost of seeds, fertilizer and chemicals; yield and price of output. Data analysis involved the use of descriptive analysis, which includes frequency distribution, mean and percentages. Also, benefit-cost ratio and net farm income analyses were employed. The results showed that the average farm size was 1.5 ha, 75% of the farmers intercropped maize with other crops and six varieties of maize were planted in the study area. Among all the crop combinations, sole maize has the least cost, while maize intercropped with cassava and yam has the highest cost. Benefit-cost analysis showed that for every N 1 spent in maize intercropped with cassava and yam, N 1.26 would be realized as profit. It is therefore, recommended that for optimal use of resources and crop combinations, both public and private extension workers should advice farmers on this finding and the most profitable crop combinations.

scholarly journals Agro-economic analysis of tuberose cultivation in selected areas of Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Haque ◽  
MA Monayem Miah ◽  
S Hossain ◽  
SM Sharifuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Primary Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Full Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Human Labour ◽  
Benefit Cost

The study identified agronomic practices, analyzed relative profitability, and resource use efficiency of tuberose cultivation in Bangladesh during January 2010. Primary data were collected from 100 randomly selected farmers from Jessore and Chuadanga districts. The results revealed that the per hectare costs of tuberose cultivation were estimated at Tk. 2,00,761 and Tk. 1,29,283 over full cost and variable cost, respectively. The major share of total cost was for human labour (30%) followed by land use (23%), and fertilizer (17%). The total cost was 26% and 12% higher than its competitive crops banana and papaya, respectively. The yield of tuberose was 4,54,425 sticks per hectare. The gross margin and net return were Tk. 5,52,354 and Tk.4,80,876 per hectare, respectively. This net return was 65% higher than banana and 71% higher than papaya cultivation. The BCRs (benefit cost ratio) were 5.27 and 3.39 over variable cost and full cost basis, respectively. Production function revealed that human labour, seedling and irrigation had positive effect on tuberose cultivation. The lack of scientific knowledge, high yielding variety and efficient transport facility were reported to be major problems in tuberose cultivation. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(3): 457-464, September 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12123

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