La coordinación de los equipos docentes para la adquisiciónde la competencia transversal de la comunicación: laexperiencia en el grado en odontología de la Universidaddel País Vasco (UPV/EHU)

En la atención asistencial, las habilidades de comunicación resultan fundamentales en el quehacer de los profesionales de la salud. La adquisición adecuada de dichas habilidades por parte del alumnado ha de ser uno de los objetivos de los equipos docentes. Conscientes de esta necesidad, en el grado en odontología de la UPV/EHU, se está llevando a cabo un proyecto de innovación educativa impulsando la labor y coordinación horizontal y vertical de los equipos docentes, dando lugar a las siguientes acciones: i, definición de una guía de habilidades comunicacionales; ii, diseño de actividades complejas basadas en escenarios realistas, implementadas mediante metodologías activas; iii, evaluación continua con la pertinente retroalimentación; y iv, seguimiento de todo el proceso con registro de evidencias. Tras un periodo de dos años, dicha evaluación está permitiendo tomar conciencia de los avances y dificultades presentes, tanto en el proceso como en la adquisición de algunos de los resultados de aprendizaje. La discusión, reflexión y consenso de los equipos docentes, intra e interasignatura, ha dado lugar a la mejora de las guías docentes, al rediseño de algunas de las actividades académicas, a un mayor grado de colaboración para la mejora de documentos de comunicación (ej.: consentimiento informado, elaboración de informes médicos) y para unificar criterios de evaluación, e, incluso, al diseño de talleres formativos sobre comunicación dirigidos al profesorado. Todo ello traerá consigo un impacto educativo, fruto del esfuerzo de los componentes de dichos equipos docentes que, sin duda, redundará en beneficio de la atención de los pacientes. In healthcare, communication skills are essential in the work of health professionals. The suitable acquisition of these skills by the students must therefore be one of the objectives of the teaching teams. Aware of this need, in the degree in dentistry at the UPV/EHU, an educational innovation project is being carried out by promoting the horizontal and vertical coordination and work of teaching teams, which has led to the following actions: i, definition of a communication skills guide; ii, design of complex activities based on realistic scenarios, implemented using active methodologies; iii, continuous assessment with pertinent feedback; and iv, monitoring of the entire process with evidence record. After a period of two years, we are becoming aware of the advances and difficulties present, both in the process and in the acquisition of some of the learning outcomes. The discussion, reflection and consensus of the teaching teams, intra and intersubject, has led to the improvement of the teaching guides, the redesign of some of the academic activities, a greater degree of collaboration for the improvement of communication documents (eg., informed consent, preparation of medical reports) and to unify evaluation criteria, and even the design of training workshops on communication aimed at teachers. All of this will have an educational impact, as a result of the efforts of the members of the teaching teams, that will undoubtedly benefit patient care.

Economics of contracts in African food systems: evidence from the malt barley sector in Ethiopia

Foreign direct investment (FDI) facilitates modernization of domestic agri-food systems in emerging economies through increased use of vertical coordination. This paper sheds lights on how international brewer investments in African food systems affect smallholder market participation and value chain development. In particular, we analyze the impact of contracts among malt barley producers in Ethiopia. Using cross-sectional survey data, we employ inverse probability-weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) and propensity score matching (PSM) techniques to analyze the economic impact of contracting. We find that contrary to popular belief, contracting has positive and significant impact on malt barley production, intensification, commercialization, quality improvement, and farm gate prices, ultimately resulting in increased net income and spillover into the productivity of other food crops.

MODERN INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL MECHANISMS OF FISCAL FEDERALISM: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

The article analyzes the tools and mechanisms of the Russian budget system used in the context of the global economic crisis and pandemic. A synchronous comparative analysis applied to the mechanisms and institutions of state-territorial administration in foreign federations was used as a research method. Under normal circumstances, ensuring a high degree of vertical coordination of the budget process implies special attention to its constitutional, legal and administrative aspects. However, in extreme circumstances, the need for quick decisions and urgent measures exacerbates the problems of vertical coordination and can subsequently result in deterioration in the quality of public services provided. Based on the study of actual data and analytical studies, general and special problems of the budget process in the federal states are identified. The necessary institutional and legal changes are identified to address such socio-economic problems as reorganization of health care and overcoming social poverty. The ways of solving these problems in the framework of various models of the budget process federal management are considered. The relevance of a comparative analysis of budget federalism mechanisms is due to the fact that centralized methods of the budget process prevail in the Russian budget system today, with obvious asymmetry in the subjects' economic development. The economic crisis has increased the imbalance between the donor and recipient regions. That is why at present, improving the mechanisms for inter-budgetary alignment, the search for optimal institutions of administrative and economic management, taking into account the lessons of the crisis and the experience of foreign countries, attract the attention of researchers from different countries. By comparing traditional institutions and innovations, it is possible to draw conclusions about the specifics of the budget mechanism in the Russian Federation and the goals of its economic policy. When implementing anti-crisis measures, it is of great importance to establish an optimal balance between vertical and horizontal alignment of regional budgets as a strategy for further development of the federation. The analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of decentralized and centralized management makes it possible to identify the most effective institutional and legal mechanisms for influencing socio-economic relations. For present-day Russian economy, the task of increasing the role of regions in the budget policy of the state, taking into accounts their specifics and opportunities for stimulating the economic growth, remains urgent.

FINANCES OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF SPREADING PANDEMIC: PROBLEM-ORIENTED ANALYSIS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS

It is shown that the pandemic in Ukraine has caused new challenges and increased the risks to the sustainable progress of territorial communities, and quarantine measures have deepened the negative trends in strengthening of their financial capacity. The processes of formation and use of financial resources of territorial communities of Ukraine in the conditions of a pandemic are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of the COVID-19 crisis at the local level (asymmetric impact on the development of territories, negative financial and economic effects, uncertainty in financial and management decisions). The tendencies of pandemic influence on financial indicators of territorial communities in the context of selected groups (cities of regional significance, urban, settlement and rural territorial communities) are revealed: reduction of financial support of local budgets from the state budget, slowdown of growth of tax revenues on basic taxes; reduction of financial resources to ensure the economic development of territories, etc. Problems that negatively affect the strengthening of financial capacity of communities are identified, including: lack of vertical coordination and coordination of actions of public authorities and local governments in addressing the effects of the pandemic and ensuring the development of territories; unsystematic nature of the reaction of local authorities to the crisis; excessive orientation of local governments to finance social expenditures and delegated powers while reducing the amount of economic direction; low communication of local governments with residents of communities (especially rural) in the conditions of remote work. The influence of cognitive, social and psychological factors on decision-making is proved, which is peculiar both to individuals and groups of persons in the part of: substantiation of non-systemic character and short-term perspective of reaction of governing bodies of different levels to the crisis; underemployment of hired workers; establishing systematic communication between the authorities and residents; formation of effective mechanisms of interaction and support of citizens taking into account behavioral representations of people.

Success Factors from Dutch Agricultural Cooperatives and Canadian Agricultural Cooperatives in the Food and Beverage Sector: A Comparative Analysis

Dutch agricultural cooperatives have long been successful in their business growth throughout Europe. With more farmers forming cooperatives that supply locally produced food and beverage products into national and international markets, there is no question that the Dutch are successful at forming agricultural cooperatives. The use of vertical coordination throughout their supply chains combined with the country’s geography provides the opportune place for food and beverage production. However, there is no standard set of ideals or factors that these cooperatives have followed to gain their success. In Canada, more cooperatives exist, but a lack of acceptance of new technologies over the past 20 years has led to a lag in automation and a reliance on labour. While outdated reports exist on starting an agricultural cooperative in Canada, there are still no updated reports that farmers could follow on a national or local scale. A lack of support from the Canadian Government has meant a monopolized cooperative arrangement with Saputo and Agropur being the two primary agricultural cooperatives nationally. The results indicate that there are commonly agreed upon ‘success factors’ and ‘bottlenecks’ among researchers in the Netherlands, over a span of 25 years of research. In Canada, the federal Government conducted interviews with industry and farmers on support for cooperatives across Canada, but little came out of these meetings. These results suggest that additional support for cooperatives in Canada is needed, and while Dutch researchers’ ‘success factors’ were found, they cannot be directly applied to Canadian cooperatives because of policy and geography differences.

The Challenge of Coordination in Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (covid-19) in Surabaya

Coordination is one of the important aspects in the management of Covid-19 handling in Surabaya. In itsimplementation, some problems arise such as the problem of ego-sectoral that becomes one of the obstacles inhandling this coordination process. Problems related to coordination also appear in various mass media, this factshows that the problem of coordination related to Covid-19 handling in Surabaya is a strategic and interestingissue to study. The writing method used in this paper is a literature review to find the formulation of appropriateand effective forms of coordination patterns. The writer also collected Primary data from online discussions todescribe the pattern of coordination from the other Local Government Agencies as a form of best practice thatmight be adopted in Surabaya so that they could build better management of Covid-19 handling in Surabaya.The results showed that the pattern of coordination in the management of Covid-19 handling that is initiated bythe Surabaya City Government needs some improvement. In vertical coordination, it is necessary to strengthengood coordination between the City Government of Surabaya and the Government of the Province of East Java.For Horizontal coordination, Surabaya Government needs to reinforce the coordination with the city or districtgovernment in the surrounding area. These things are necessary because Surabaya is an agglomeration areawhere there are still many people who do mobility in and out. The conclusion from this study is that there is aneed to strengthen coordination patterns both vertically and horizontally with various stakeholders involved inthe management of Covid-19 handling in Surabaya. At the end of this paper, the researcher also gave arecommendation and trying to show best practices in applying the coordination pattern that has been carried outby other regional governments as a form of illustration that might be able to be adopted to improve Covid-19handling in Surabaya.

Price Transmission in Agricultural Markets

We review recent developments in the analysis of price transmission in agricultural markets. Markets may be separated in time, form, and space (as well as in combinations of such factors). Transactions and storage costs as well as production and marketing factors delineate these markets. We show that much of the research on spatial market linkages has reflected methodological advances that have led to increasingly nonlinear time-series models. Advances in the theoretical and empirical literature over the last few decades have demonstrated that price relationships in the food chain are highly context specific. Improvements in marketing, information, and transportation technology have strengthened the links between prices in the food system, but at the same time links in the food chain are increasingly subject to vertical coordination and, thus, less visible to outside observers, including researchers. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Resource Economics, Volume 13 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Network analysis of collaboration in networked universities

PurposeIn Latin America and the Caribbean, the access of students to higher education has presented an extraordinary growth over the past fifteen years. This rapid growth has presented a challenge for increasing the system resources and capabilities while maintaining its quality. As a result, the networked universities (NUs) organized themselves as a collaborative network, and they have become an interesting model for facing the complexity driven by globalization, rapidly changing technology, dynamic growth of knowledge and highly specialized areas of expertise. In this article, we studied the NU named Red Universitaria Mutis (Red Mutis) with the aim of characterizing the collaboration and integration structure of the network.Design/methodology/approachNetwork analytic methods (visual analysis, positional analysis and a stochastic network method) were used to characterize the organizational structure and robustness of the network, and to identify what variables or structural tendencies are related to the likelihood that specific areas of a university would collaborate.FindingsRed Mutis is a good example of regional NUs that could take advantage of the strengths, partnerships, information and knowledge of the regional and international universities that form the network. Analyses showed that Red Mutis has a differentiated structure consisting of academic and non-academic university areas with a vertical coordination (by steering and management) of the different university areas.Originality/valueThe methodology could be used as a framework to analyze and strengthen other strategic alliances between universities and as a model for the development of other NU in local and global contexts.