Detection and characterisation of porcine circoviruses in wild boars in northeastern Serbia

The objective was to expand and update the knowledge on the presence and genotype diversity of porcine circoviruses 2 and 3 (PCV2 and PCV3) in the wild boar populations from the hunting grounds in northeastern Serbia. The presence of PCV3 was not determined, and PCV2 was confirmed in 40.32% of the organ samples from 124 wild boars hunted from 2018 to 2019, indicating their significance in virus circulation since traditional pig farms with irregular PCV2 vaccination strategies are widespread in this region. The most prevalent genotype was PCV2d, followed by PCV2b and PCV2a in 55.6%, 38.9%, and 5.5% of the examined samples, respectively. Nucleotide sequences of the detected strains were homogenous within the genotype and clustered within the subgroups PCV2d-2, PCV2b-1A/B, and PCV2a-2D with high identity to European, Chinese, and Serbian domestic pig sequences suggesting their origin. Wild boars presented with no clinical or pathological signs of infection, implying that these animals might be less susceptible to disease, particularly since the cofactors present in pig farming systems that support the disease development are absent in the wild. The high PCV2 detection frequency demonstrates the importance of wildlife monitoring to track virus population dynamics, especially in regions with free-range pig farming in order to plan adequate disease control strategies.

Tracing the Local Breeds in an Outdoor System – A Hungarian Example with Mangalica Pig Breed

Pig farming is largely characterized by closed, large-scale housing technology. These systems are driven by resource efficiency. In intensive technologies, humans control almost completely. However, there are pig farming systems where humans have just little control. These free-range technologies are called organic pig farming systems in which the quality characteristics of the produced meat sold on a premium price are primary. We present the practical difficulties that are challenging in implementing precision pig farming. We characterize the data science methods that determine the reliability our conclusions. This chapter describes the literature on the behavior and production results of pigs, social aspects, and the possibilities of the certified pig meat supply chain. Digital solutions can be implemented to verify and trace the origin of meat products. In our project, Mangalica breeding sows were tagged with passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, and a research zone was established at wallowing area. RFID readers record the presence of sows in this zone. In addition, temperature, humidity, and air pressure are recorded hourly for 24 hours a day. Data are analyzed using visualization and data science techniques. We present our interim results and conditions of the experiment in this chapter.

A review of Brazilian agro-industrial pig farming systems: environmental impacts and applied anaerobic digestion processes with mineral additives

The agro-industrial systems comprise activities which transform raw materials of agricultural, aquacultural, livestock and forestry industries from primary production stages to consumption. Pig farming stands out in national and international markets for agro-industrial processes such as slaughtering and meat processing. Although this sector positively contributes to the economies of several countries, the high flow of waste resulting from implementing integrated production systems has led to serious environmental consequences (e.g., polluted water bodies and Greenhouse Gases - GHGs emissions). Among the treatment methods, anaerobic digestion reduces the organic load of biomass in the absence of oxygen, generating biogas and organic fertilizer. However, there are limitations associated with high CH4 variability and low yield, resulting a minimal and slow implementation in Brazil. Some research has reported the use of mineral additives to optimize the digestion process. This study comprises a bibliographic review of pig farming systems and production models, followed by an analysis on a global scale and environmental consequences. It is also discussed the use of additive minerals which have been applied in anaerobic digestion of swine manure as well as some prospects for global advances with opportunities to mitigate GHGs and bottlenecks. Despite being a promising technology, detailed evaluations of the use of these additives and their implementation in treatment plants must still be carried out in such a way to understand the optimization of such process.

Peran Majelis dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi di Gereja Toraja Jemaat Imanuel Botang

Imanuel Botang congregation had resources both human resources and natural resources that were quite abundant, but had not been managed optimally. Seeing these conditions, researchers were interested in researching the role of church assemblies in the economic empowerment of congregations by focusing research on economic empowerment activities in the field of horticultural agriculture and chicken and pig farming. This research was designed according to qualitative research. Qualitative research aims to find out the role of church assemblies in the economic empowerment of congregations. Data collection techniques were carried out through library research and field research through observation and interview. The study was conducted at the Congregation of Emmanuel Botang from September to November 2020. The results showed the role of the Church Assembly in empowerment is as a consultant and empowerment but this is still not realized because it does not fully understand the duties and vocations as a church assembly, the lack of skills / skills of the church assembly in the field of horticultural agriculture and local village pig and chicken farming, lack of free time and lack of good cooperation. Keywords: Economic Empowerment, Role of the Church Assembly, Toraja Church of Imanuel Botang Congregation Abstrak: Jemaat Imanuel Botang memiliki sumber daya baik Sumber Daya Manusia maupun sumber daya alamnya yang cukup melimpah, namun belum dikelola secara maksimal. Melihat kondisi tersebut peneliti tertarik melakukan penelitian peran majelis gereja dalam pemberdayaan ekonomi jemaat dengan memfokuskan penelitian pada kegiatan pemberdayaan ekonomi di bidang pertanian hortikultura dan peternakan ayam dan babi. Penelitian ini didesain menurut penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian kualitatif bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran majelis gereja dalam pemberdayaan ekonomi jemaat. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penelitian pustaka dan penelitian lapangan melalui pengamatan (observasi) dan wawancara (interview). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Jemaat Imanuel Botang dari bulan September sampai bulan November 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peranan Majelis Gereja dalam pemberdayaan adalah sebagai konsultan dan pemberdaya namun hal ini masih belum terealisasi oleh karena belum memahami secara utuh tugas dan panggilan sebagai majelis gereja, minimnya skill/ keterampilan majelis gereja pada bidang pertanian hortikultura dan peternakan babi dan ayam kampung lokal, kurangnya waktu luang dan kurangnya kerja sama yang baik. Kata-kata Kunci: Gereja Toraja Jemaat Imanuel Botang, Pemberdayaan Ekonomi, Peran Majelis Gereja,

Predicción molecular de serotipos de Streptococcus suis aislados de granjas porcinas en México

Infections caused by Streptococcus suis (S. suis) pose a problem for the pig industry worldwide. Pigs often carry multiple serotypes of S. suis in the upper respiratory tract, where S. suis is frequently isolated from. The clinical diagnosis of the infection is presumptive and is generally based on clinical signs, the age of the animal and macroscopic lesions. In the laboratory, identification of S. suis is performed biochemically, and then, serotyping is performed with antisera to determine the serotype, but these tests can be inconclusive. To date, there are few studies that have documented the presence and diversity of S. suis serotypes in Mexico. In the present study, it was characterized S. suis strains from Mexican pig farms using molecular approaches; samples were first processed by PCR of the gdh gene to detect S. suis. Positive samples were then subjected to a two-step multiplex PCR (cps PCR) to detect and characterize each strain; the first step consisted of a grouping PCR and the second step consisted of a typing PCR. The serotypes detected in the pig farming areas of Mexico included 1/2, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 17, and 23. These findings are important for the characterization of serotypes present in Mexico and for outbreak prevention.