Past Response to Grondona System

The Grondona system was sufficiently well-known during the 1950s to be the subject of debate in the British Parliament in 1958, when it was vigorously praised by supporters, as well as in the press. Examples of this support are given in this chapter, which show how those who took the time to study the Grondona system recognized its unique strengths and strongly recommended its adoption by government. Unfortunately, when the British government finally set up a committee in 1976 to consider the problem of commodity price instability, it was chaired by a long-term advocate of the international buffer-stock system advocated by UNCTAD. As Grondona predicted, the result was that the committee's report contained no substantive criticism of his system but merely reiterated the government's existing policy of continuing participation in UNCTAD negotiations – to no effect nearly half a century later.

Agricultural Growth Diagnostics: Identifying the Binding Constraints and Policy Remedies for Bihar, India

Agriculture plays a significant role in economic development of underdeveloped regions. Multiple factors influence the performance of agricultural sector but a few of these have a strong bearing on its growth. This study develops a growth diagnostics framework for agricultural sector in Bihar, located in eastern India, to identify the most binding constraints. The study results show that poor functioning of agricultural markets and low-level of crop diversification are the important reasons for low agricultural growth in Bihar. Rise in price instability of agricultural produces indicates a weak price transmission across the markets even after repealing the Agricultural Produce Market Committee Act. Poor market linkages and non-functioning producer collectives at village-level affect the farmers’ motivation for undertaking crop diversification. Hence, policy suggestions to overcome these binding constraints include the state provisioning of basic market infrastructure to attract private investment in agricultural marketing, strengthening the Farmer Producer Organisations, and framing a comprehensive policy on crop diversification.

Determinant of Stock Market Prices in Nepal: A Case of Commercial Banks

<p>Equity share investment is one of the key investment paths that provide significant returns for investors but, unusual stock price instability makes confusion for them, as well as troubles for policymakers and the government authorities. This study aims to identify the empirical variables that influence the stock market price in commercial banks for 2015/16 to 2019/20 using a set of dependent and independent variables. The study is based on 130 observations from 26 commercial banks (out of 27) in Nepal using a secondary source and the information obtained from annual reports. The descriptive and causal-comparative research design was employed. For that, mean, standard deviation, correlation and regression analysis techniques have been used. The results revealed that Market to Book proportion (M/B), Price-earnings proportion (P/E) and Earning Yield proportion (E/Y) have a significant positive association with the stock market price. In contrast, the Dividend Yield proportion (D/Y) has a positive but insignificant impact on the stock market price. The finding of this study is valuable to the curious investors, concerned bankers, academicians and government authorities, which help them to more about the stock market’s returns and likelihood in the country.</p>

Short Term and Long Term Herding Prospects: Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange

The present research intends to examine the herd behaviour of investors in the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Herd behaviour in stock market is sometimes based on fundamental information, which causes quick price adjustments to new information and leads to efficient markets. Still, sometimes it is not dependent on fundamental information and results in price instability. Herding can be a short term phenomenon, but sometimes a longer time span can provide favourable outcomes for the occurrence of herd behaviour. Considering these diverse views, intraday, daily, weekly, and monthly stock prices of 528 companies listed in the PSX have been used to calculate stock returns. Market-wide herd measure, i.e. CSAD, has been used to compute the herd behaviour. Data has been investigated for autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity, and stationarity issues. Findings revealed that herding did not exist in PSX, but some sectors showed this behaviour. Herd behaviour was more likely to exist at a daily level. The tendency of occurrence of the herding phenomenon gradually decreases at intraday and weekly levels. However, herding cannot be taken as a long term phenomenon as just a single sector was evidenced about its existence at the monthly level. Herding is an inherent phenomenon that is very difficult to eliminate from the stock market completely. However, knowledge and information sharing can guide investors to improve this behaviour Keywords: Herd Behaviour, Behavioural Finance, Return Dispersions, Pakistan Stock Exchange, CSAD

Growth and Instability in Oilseed Prices – A Case of Amreli Market in Gujarat

The growth and instability in oilseed prices in Amreli district of Gujarat have been estimated for the period from 1995-96 to 2016-17 using various statistical methods. The instability index suggested by Cuddy and Della was employed. Commensurate with the objectives of study, time series data on prices of major oilseed crops viz grown in the district were collected and compiled. The findings emerged from the study revealed a high level of instability in case of the sesamum black and white, but it showed moderate instability in the price of castor and bunch type as well as semi spreading varieties of groundnut. The results of correlation analysis indicated integration between oilseed prices. Higher association was noticed between the prices of the two varieties of the same crop. It was also observed that price of castor is closely related with groundnut than the sesamum whereas the lowest association was observed between prices of groundnut bunch type and sesamum white. Research and policy support is needed for raising productivity in the rain-fed areas and also for insulating the crop sector from year-to-year variations in price. The study has suggested that development of assured storage facility, market integration, market price forecast, agricultural practices, farmer-friendly insurance schemes and better weather forecasting would provide a sound shield to growth and price instability in the district.

Spatial Co-integration and Speed of Adjustment among Rice Markets in Bangladesh

The structure of co-integration, the pace of adjustment, and the causal markets are investigated using horizontal price integration among five main rice markets in Bangladesh. The null hypotheses were tested using Johansen and Juselius co-integration test and vector error correction model. In Bangladesh, wholesale price volatility in the rice sector has been rising over time. The findings of the study revealed that the rice markets in Bangladesh are perfectly cointegrated. The leading rice markets are Chattagram and Rajshahi, while Khulna is the price taker, which adjusts prices with all other rice markets. Any price shock in the Chattagram and Rajshahi markets takes one to two months for other markets to adjust. The findings also illustrate the value of steering policy efforts in Bangladesh rice markets toward reducing price instability and improving pricing efficiency.

Factors Affecting Shift from Paddy to Maize Cultivation in Punjab

Maize is one of the most suitable replacements of paddy in Punjab. The primary data for 2015-16 of paddy, maize, and wheat crop from five Punjab districts (Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Rupnagar, SAS Nagar and SBS Nagar) was collected from 300 sample farm households. The binary logistic model was constructed, and among the six most relevant explanatory variables availability of hired labour was found to be negative and significant statistically, whereas the educational level of decision maker was statistically nonsignificant. The participation in block-level camp/Kisan Mela/lecture attended by the decision maker was positive and significant statistically, and water availability on the diversified farm was negative and significant. Like the assured market and experience of the decision maker, the other variables were positive but non-significant. The farmers' non-diversification was found to be price instability, the menace of animals, lack of awareness regarding government programmes, non-availability of mechanisation for dehusking of the kernels.

Five Common Errors about Deflation

Deflation is generally considered as an evil that must be prevented. Economists as well are focusing on the question of deflation prevention. This paper examines the reasons for why deflation is considered as bad and refutes in this context five common errors concerning deflation: That deflation leads to an unfair redistribution, that deflation induces an decrease in production, that deflation induced price instability leads to chaos, that it is the cause of mass unemployment and can put the economy in a disastrous liquidity trap. It is concluded that the standard analysis of deflation must be revised. Key words: deflation. Clasificación JEL: E31 Resumen: Comúnmente se considera la deflación como algo malo que hay que evitar. También los economistas se esfuerzan en estudiar cómo se puede prevenir la deflación. Este artículo analiza las razones por las cuales se considera la deflación como algo malo y refuta en este contexto cinco errores muy difundidos sobre la deflación: que la deflación causa una redistribución arbitraria, que la deflación lleva a una reducción de la producción, que una inestabilidad de precios causada por la deflación produce caos, que es la causa de paro masivo y que puede poner a la economía en una trampa de liquidez desastrosa. Se concluye que, ante estos errores, hay que revisar el análisis estándar de la deflación. Palabras clave: deflación.

Harnessing The Potentials of Non-Oil Sectors of The Nigerian Economy to Enhance Sustainable Growth

In the face of global oil price instability, which seems to negatively impact the Nigerian economy, this study examined how the Nigerian government and its stakeholders have explored other sectors of her economy, such as agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism, enhancing sustainable growth. In achieving this, the study employed a time series data covering 24 years (1995-2018). The variables used in the study were real gross domestic product (RGDP), tourism share of GDP, agriculture share of GDP, and manufacturing share of GDP. The unit root test using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test was conducted to test for stationarity among variables employed. The Autoregressive Distributive Lag Bound Test for Co-integration was also employed, while the ECM was also conducted to check for the speed of adjustment.The study findings revealed that, while the Nigerian government and industry stakeholders have made significant investments in the agriculture sector through the development of improved seedlings and farm infrastructure, there is a need for more investment in the manufacturing and tourism sectors of the nation's economy to boost her gross domestic product.JEL Classification: O13, O14, Q01, Z32How to Cite:Ajudua, E. I., Majebi, E. C., & Odishika, V. A. (2021). Harnessing The Potentials of Non-Oil Sectors of The Nigerian Economy to Enhance Sustainable Growth. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 10(1), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v10i1.18493.