Family Influence on Business: Application of A Modified F-PEC Scale to Private Small Business In Vietnam

2013 ◽  
pp. 38-53
Author(s):  
Nam Vu Hoang ◽  
Anh Truong Tuan ◽  
Nghia Nguyen Ke
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Cultural Aspect ◽  
Culture Dimensions ◽  
Business Application ◽  
Original Scale ◽  
Asian Context

This paper uncovers dimensions of family influence on private small business in Vietnam. Although the F-PEC scale, which comprises three subscales for power, experience and culture dimensions of family influence, has been validated in the literature, application of the scale in an Asian context, like Vietnam, may face challenges due to context differences. The study modified the original scale based on qualitative findings from five interviews with entrepreneurs and comments on the scale from business scholars. Data from a survey of 143 entrepreneurs were used for EFA, resulting in four factors. And CFA proves fitness of the measurement model of the four-factor structure to the data, in which two dimensions regarding the cultural aspect were confirmed.

Instrumental and Ideological Union Commitment: Longitudinal Assessment of Construct Validity

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Sjöberg ◽  
Magnus Sverke
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Union Commitment ◽  
Union Participation

Summary: Previous research has identified instrumentality and ideology as important aspects of member attachment to labor unions. The present study evaluated the construct validity of a scale designed to reflect the two dimensions of instrumental and ideological union commitment using a sample of 1170 Swedish blue-collar union members. Longitudinal data were used to test seven propositions referring to the dimensionality, internal consistency reliability, and temporal stability of the scale as well as postulated group differences in union participation to which the scale should be sensitive. Support for the hypothesized factor structure of the scale and for adequate reliabilities of the dimensions was obtained and was also replicated 18 months later. Tests for equality of measurement model parameters and test-retest correlations indicated support for the temporal stability of the scale. In addition, the results were consistent with most of the predicted differences between groups characterized by different patterns of change/stability in union participation status. The study provides strong support for the construct validity of the scale and indicates that it can be used in future theory testing on instrumental and ideological union commitment.

The Tourist Stereotype Model: Positive and Negative Dimensions

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Wing Sun Tung ◽  
Brian Edward Melville King ◽  
Serene Tse
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Stereotype Content Model ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Destination Management Organizations ◽  
Additional Sample

This research proposes a measurement model to evaluate tourist stereotypes. Study 1 assesses the positive and negative tourist stereotypes that Hong Kong residents hold toward Chinese outbound tourists by connecting previous research on stereotypes from the Princeton Trilogy and from the stereotype content model. Six positive stereotypes were identified across two dimensions (i.e., Approachable: friendly, sincere, and good; and Competent: intelligent, industrious, and competent) as well as six inappropriate biases across two factors (i.e., Boastful: materialistic and loud; Rude: unreasonable, immoral, rude, and uncivilized). Study 2 provides further support for the measurement model by using an additional sample to investigate tourist self-stereotypes. Collectively, studies 1 and 2 contribute to the tourism literature by highlighting the dynamics involved in (self)-stereotyping that are relevant for destination management organizations (DMOs) and public policymakers involved in managing public perceptions of tourist stereotypes.

scholarly journals Empirics vs. art theory: Exploring a factor structure of pictorial expression based on contemporary artworks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Schoch ◽  
Thomas Ostermann
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Art Theory ◽  
Stable Factor ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Path Models ◽  
Model C

As a transdisciplinary questionnaire combining psychometrics and art theory, RizbA enables a quantitative measurement of pictorial expression in terms of a formal image analysis. This study explores its factor structure and a potential gap between theory and empirics.The sample consists of 275 contemporary pictorial works by artists and nonprofessionals, rated by 179 experts in a randomized online survey. Three path models were specified and computed as CFA: models A and B based on the results of the two previous studies, model C on the theoretical framework of the initial study. Model C was additionally tested on a combined dataset of all three studies.While models A and B did not converge, model C was associated with fit indices as follows: χ2 = 1299.752, df = 278, p = .000, RSMEA = .122 (90% CI = .116, .129), CFI = .712, TLI = .679, SRMR = .135 and for the combined dataset: χ2 = 6860.824, df = 278, p = .000, RSMEA = .086 (90% CI = .084, .088), CFI = .740, TLI = .696, SRMR = .084.Studies implicate reliability, but there might not be a globally stable factor structure across artworks. Only model C partly suggests an acceptable fit for the combined data. The results speak to a methodological gap between empirics and theory due to art being highly ambiguous with various analysis options. Further postdisciplinary approaches are needed to develop a theory-based measurement model for pictorial expression, which might to do justice to the arts.

Measuring Psychological Inflexibility in Children and Adolescents: Evaluating the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth

Assessment ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1810-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Szemenyei ◽  
Melinda Reinhardt ◽  
Edina Szabó ◽  
Krisztina-Gabriella Szabó ◽  
Róbert Urbán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Psychological Inflexibility ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems

The Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y8) was developed to measure psychological inflexibility. Although the questionnaire is a well-known tool in clinical practice, its psychometric properties have not been widely investigated in the target population of children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure and validity of the AFQ-Y8 ( N = 1,572, mean age 15.39 years, girls 51%) on a Hungarian sample. We also tested the invariance of the measurement model across two age groups (11-14 and 15-20 years old). Results confirmed the single-factor structure of the AFQ-Y8. Psychological inflexibility was also found to be positively related to emotional instability, externalizing, and internalizing problems. Furthermore, psychological inflexibility explained the variance of life satisfaction when personality dimensions, emotional, and behavioral problems were accounted for. Measurement invariance across age groups was partially supported. These results suggest that the AFQ-Y8 is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing psychological inflexibility in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Validity of the Risk Perception Survey for Developing Diabetes Scale in a Safety-Net Clinic Population of English and Spanish Speakers

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Catherine Rochefort ◽  
Austin S. Baldwin ◽  
Jasmin Tiro ◽  
Michael E. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
External Control ◽  
Perception Survey

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the factor structure of the Risk Perception Survey for Developing Diabetes (RPS-DD) and test for factorial invariance by language (English, Spanish) and gender (males, females) in a clinically engaged, racially diverse, low-education population. Methods Adult patients seen in a safety-net health system (N = 641) answered an interviewer-administered survey via telephone in their preferred language (English: 42%, Spanish: 58%). Three constructs in the RPS-DD were assessed—personal control (2 items for internal control and 2 for external control), optimistic bias (2 items), and worry (2 items). Single and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were performed using maximum-likelihood estimation to determine the factor structure and test for invariance. Results Contrary to previous psychometric analyses in white, educated populations, CFAs supported a 4-factor measurement model with internal and external control items loading onto separate factors. The 4-factor structure was equivalent between males and females. However, the structure varied by language, with the worry subscale items loading more strongly for English than Spanish speakers. Conclusions The RPS-DD can be used to investigate group differences across gender and language and to help understand if interventions have differential effects for subgroups at high risk for diabetes. Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes among Spanish speakers, researchers should continue to examine the psychometric properties of the RPS-DD, particularly the worry subscale, to improve its validity and clinical utility.

Impact of network capability on small business performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Zacca ◽  
Mumin Dayan ◽  
Thomas Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Competitive Aggressiveness ◽  
Small Business Performance ◽  
Network Capability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure the impact of network capability (NC) on small enterprise performance via knowledge creation, and two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO): competitive aggressiveness and innovativeness. Design/methodology/approach – The authors propose a theoretical model that was tested using a survey instrument administered to owners and managers of small-sized enterprises within the United Arab Emirates. Theory development was assisted by semi-structured interviews with an independent sample of owners and managers of small enterprises. Findings – The results show that NC is positively related to knowledge creation and that competitive aggressiveness and innovativeness are key mediators between knowledge creation and firm performance. Research limitations/implications – The study contributes to theoretical development by integrating the domains of NC and knowledge creation to EO and small business performance. The authors show that the conversion from NC to small business performance is mediated by knowledge creation and the two dimensions of EO: innovativeness and competitive aggressiveness. Practical implications – The study findings present interesting practical implications for small business owners seeking to shift their firm’s orientation toward being more entrepreneurial. Originality/value – The study highlights the crucial role innovativeness and competitive aggressiveness play as mediators when the relation between knowledge creation and small business performance is examined.

Flexible Budgeting as a Management Tool

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin W. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Business Application ◽  
Practical Tool

The managerial tool of flexible budgeting usually is presented as a large business application. The purpose of this paper is to present flexible budgeting as a practical tool that also has utility for the small business. Flexible budgeting is introduced by way of comparison with static budgeting, and its central ingredients are discussed. Then practical implementation difficulties are identified followed by their suggested resolution. Finally, several applications are suggested for the small business.

Empirically Derived Model of Social Outcomes and Predictors for Adults With ASD

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret H. Mehling ◽  
Marc J. Tassé
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Community Inclusion ◽  
Latent Constructs ◽  
Adults With Asd

Abstract This study used data from the National Core Indicators (NCI) Survey to derive an empirically validated measurement model for social outcomes and associated constructs for both individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and individuals with other disabilities. Items consistent with the survey structure of the NCI were selected as initial indicators of the latent constructs Social Relationships, Community Inclusion, and Opportunity for Choice in factor analyses. Results yielded a novel factor structure that is different from the original NCI survey structure. Three factors emerged as a result of these analyses: Personal Control, Social Determination, and Social Participation and Relationships. The factor structure of each of these constructs was consistent although not identical across individuals with ASD and individuals with developmental disabilities other than ASD.

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