scholarly journals Physical distancing and non-respiratory notifiable diseases in the Northern Territory, March-May 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ouli Xie ◽  
Peter G Markey ◽  
Anthony D K Draper ◽  
Vicki L Krause
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcal Infection ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Transmission Route ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Notifiable Diseases ◽  
Group A ◽  
Border Controls

Strict physical distancing measures and border controls have been introduced in the Northern Territory (NT), and across Australia, to reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These measures have been associated with reduced incidence of other respiratory illnesses such as influenza. It is currently unclear what effect these measures have on non-respiratory communicable diseases. The incidence of notifiable non-respiratory communicable diseases within the NT, from 15 March to 15 May 2020, the period of most restrictive physical distancing, was monitored and is here compared with two control periods: (i) the 4 months immediately prior and (ii) the same two-month period from the preceding 5 years. During the study period, there was a decline in incidence of communicable enteric illnesses, particularly in shigellosis and rotavirus where person-to-person spread is the main transmission route. There was an increase in chlamydial conjunctivitis in areas with endemic trachoma, which is under further investigation. There was no observed increase in conditions associated with crowding, such as those related to group A streptococcal infection.

scholarly journals Clinical and epidemiological features of group A streptococcal bacteraemia in a region with hyperendemic superficial streptococcal infection

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. CARAPETIS ◽  
A. M. WALKER ◽  
M. HIBBLE ◽  
K. S. SRIPRAKASH ◽  
B. J. CURRIE
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcal Infection ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Invasive Group ◽  
Genetic Typing ◽  
Aboriginal Population ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Study Population

Reports of increasing incidence and severity of invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) infections come mainly from affluent populations where exposure to GAS is relatively infrequent. We conducted a 6-year retrospective review of GAS bacteraemia in the Northern Territory of Australia, comparing the Aboriginal population (24% of the study population), who have high rates of other streptococcal infections and sequelae, to the non-Aboriginal population. Of 72 episodes, 44 (61%) were in Aboriginal patients. All 12 cases in children were Aboriginal. Risk factors were implicated in 82% of episodes (91% in adults) and there was no significant difference in the proportion of Aboriginal compared to non-Aboriginal patients with at least one risk factor. Genetic typing of isolates revealed no dominant strains and no evidence of a clone which has been a common cause of these infections elsewhere.

scholarly journals LL-37-mediated activation of host receptors is critical for defense against group A streptococcal infection

Cell Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 108766
Author(s):  
Debabrata Biswas ◽  
Poornima Ambalavanan ◽  
Miriam Ravins ◽  
Aparna Anand ◽  
Abhinay Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcal Infection ◽  
Group A

Invasive group A streptococcal infection in pregnancy

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Yamada ◽  
Takashi Yamada ◽  
Mie K. Yamamura ◽  
Kenichi Katabami ◽  
Mineji Hayakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcal Infection ◽  
Invasive Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
In Pregnancy

Group A β-Hemolytic Streptococcal Balanitis: It May Be More Common Than You Think

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-156
Author(s):  
NICHOLAS C. KYRIAZI ◽  
CYNTHIA L. COSTENBADER
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Streptococcal Infection ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Group A

Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus can cause balanitis in prepubertal males, and its incidence is probably greater than previously reported in the pediatric literature. We suggest the routine inclusion of a GABHS-selective culture in any case where a discharge or irritation is present on the glans or foreskin, especially if a recent streptococcal infection has been documented, whether on not sexual abuse is being considered. Finally, we hope to stimulate interest for further in-depth study of balanitis caused by GABHS.

COMMENTS ON DR. KLEIN'S PAPER

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-390
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Streptococcal Infection ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Klein Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Air Force Base ◽  
Group B ◽  
Antibiotic Ointment ◽  
Boston Hospital

Dr. Ribble: In this study was the umbilicus included in bathing of the "diaper area"? Dr. Klein: Yes. Dr. Ribble: Have epidemics of streptococcal disease occured in nurseries in which hexachlorophene bathing was being carried out? Dr. Klein: Group B beta hemolytic streptococcal infections have been reported in nurseries where hexachlorophene bathing was being used. Dr. Schaberg: We have had cultural evidence of the presence of Group A streptococcal infection in infants on hexachlorophene bathing, and another Boston hospital had a nursery epidemic of Group A streptococcal infection in 1967 while using hexachlorophene bathing. Dr. Gezon: Mortimer also reported an epidemic occurring in a nursery where only the babies' faces were washed with hexachlorophene. Leadbetter's data from Lackland Air Force Base showed that he was unable to stop an epidemic of staphylococcal infection with intensive hexachlorophene bathing, including washing the umbilicus three times a day with hexachlorophene. He was also unable to get a significant difference in colonization rates when half the infants were washed with hexachlorophene and half were not. Dr. Gezon: Attention to the umbilicus is very important in controlling staphylococcal infection in the newborn. Jellard has shown this with triple dye, Gillespie with hexachlorophene powder, and Mortimer with antibiotic ointment applied to the umbilicus.

Occupational class and chronic diseases in India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay K. Mohanty ◽  
Anshul Kastor
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Lifestyle Related Diseases ◽  
Nose And Throat

This chapter studies the differentials in chronic diseases among occupational classes in India. The results of the 60th round of National Sample Survey conducted from January to June 2004 show that those who are engaged as own-account workers in a household enterprise have the highest rate of reported disorders in joints and bones, respiratory illnesses including ear, nose, and throat ailments, and bronchial asthma during the last 15 days of the survey. Meanwhile, the leading diseases among employers are diabetes, cardiovascular disease, disorders of the joints and bones, hypertension, and gastritis. Furthermore, the higher reported prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) resulting from higher prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases among richer groups could have contributed to the greater burden of illness among them.

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