scholarly journals Morphology of preimaginal stages of Lipara pullitarsis Doskočil & Chvála, 1971 (Diptera: Chloropidae) — a gall-forming fly in the common reed (Phragmites australis)

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grochowska
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Facial Mask ◽  
The Third ◽  
Preimaginal Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Third Instar Larva

All preimaginal stages of Lipara pullitarsis are described and illustrated. The facial mask, cephaloskeleton, spiracles and locomotory structures are considered. This is the first description ofthe first- and second-instar larva. The descriptions of the third-instar larva, egg and puparium are expanded. This paper forms a basis for a complete description of the life history of this fly.

Larvae of Ceratophyllus wickhami and other Species of Fleas

Parasitology ◽  
1930 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enid K. Sikes
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Grey Squirrel ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Xenopsylla Cheopis ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Third Instar Larva

A short historical account is given of the writings on flea larvae since the seventeenth century. The larvae have been known since Leeuwenhoek tried to breed them in 1683.The life-history of Ceratophyllus wickhami is described. The fleas were bred in the laboratory on a grey squirrel. Three larval instars occur, and the life-history occupies, on an average, 6 weeks under experimental conditions.The external anatomy of the third instar larva of C. wickhami is described. The mouth parts are generalised and suggest the condition of a primitive insect. The tracheal system is composed of a double longitudinal trunk on each side, with spiracles on the prothorax, metathorax and first eight abdominal segments.The first and second instar of C. wickhami are similar to the third instar larvae, except in size and the presence of a hatching spine in the first stage.The larva of Ceratophyllus fasciatus is mentioned. The importance of the species lies in the presence of completely separated galea and lacinia.Larvae of Xenopsylla cheopis and X. astia are briefly described. The larvae of the two species are practically identical except for the shape of the mandibles.

scholarly journals Micromorphology of egg and larva of Eristalis fratercula, with an updated key of Eristalis species with known third instar larvae (Diptera: Syrphidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Campoy ◽  
Celeste Pérez-Bañón ◽  
Tore R. Nielsen ◽  
Santos Rojo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Third Instar Larva ◽  
Cryo Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The flower- or hoverflies (Syrphidae) and particularly the subfamily Eristalinae, are known by their importance as pollinators in both natural and agro-ecosystems. Similar to other saprophagous eristalines, the larvae of Eristalis Latreille, 1804 are characterized by an elongated anal segment and a telescopic breathing tube. These features have given them the common name of rat-tailed maggots and allow them to develop in liquid or semi-liquid media loaded with decaying organic material. This paper presents the first description of the egg and the third-instar larva of the boreal species Eristalis fratercula (Zetterstedt, 1838). Morphological studies are presented based on cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). After comparison with all other known species of the genus Eris-talis with described preimaginal morphology, we conclude that main diagnostic character of E. fratercula is the presence of long branched spicules located in the upper margin on the lateral lips. Finally, we provide an updated key that includes the 15 Eristalis species whose third larval stages have already been described.

Morphology of preimaginal stages of Cryptonevra flavitarsis (Diptera: Chloropidae) – an inquiline in galls formed by Lipara flies on common reed

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grochowska
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Facial Mask ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Preimaginal Stages ◽  
First Time

The paper presents a complete description of the morphology of the preimaginal stages of Cryptonevra flavitarsis (Meigen, 1830), an inquiline in galls of Lipara flies on common reed (Phragmites australis). All stages are described for the first time. In descriptions of the larval stages, particular attention is given to the diagnostic characters: facial mask, cephaloskeleton, anterior and posterior spiracles, and locomotory structures. The paper forms a basis for future descriptions of the yet unknown life cycle of this fly.

LOMAMYIA LATIPENNIS (NEUROPTERA: BEROTHIDAE) LIFE HISTORY AND LARVAL DESCRIPTIONS

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Tauber ◽  
Maurice J. Tauber
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
The Body ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Straight Position ◽  
Zootermopsis Angusticollis ◽  
Third Instar Larva

AbstractThis study includes the first published record of a berothid life history and the first description of a second instar larva. The incubation period was 7 days (N = 21), and the median durations of the first and third stages were 12.5 days (N = 8) and 20.8 days (N = 5). The length of the second stadium was 3 days (N = 5). One adult emerged, after being within the cocoon for 20 days (all temperatures, 75±3°F).Eggs were laid in a stalked cluster in which there were fewer stalks than eggs. The first and third instars, which have piercing–sucking type mouthparts, were carnivorous and fed on the termite Zootermopsis angusticollis. Both of these stages were very mobile. On the other hand, the second instar, apparently a non-feeding stage, hung downward by the abdominal tip. It was not active except when disturbed, whereupon the body snapped into a straight position and then back again into the original C-shaped attitude. The cocoon was oval and transparent.Viability decreased with successive instars and it is possible that the prey offered to the immatures was an inappropriate termite species and therefore a suboptimum food source. It is also likely that unfavorable physical conditions contributed to the high mortality of the immatures.Both the second and third instar larvae are described, and the third instar is compared with a previously described third instar larva of an undetermined species within the same genus.

scholarly journals The preimaginal stages of Galerita ruficollis Dejean, 1825 and the position of the tribe Galeritini in the classification of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1044 ◽  
pp. 527-561
Author(s):  
Kirill V. Makarov ◽  
Andrey V. Matalin
Keyword(s):  
Instar Larva ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Preimaginal Stages ◽  
Short Development Time ◽  
First Time ◽  
Third Instar Larva

The complete development cycle of Galerita (Galerita) ruficollis Dejean, 1825 was studied for the first time. In laboratory, at a temperature of 22 °C and long-day conditions, the development from egg to adult lasted 58–60 days. The development of the third instar larva lasted particularly long (on average, 19 days), and the most intense increase in biomass (from 20 to 100 mg) was observed at that phase as well. The extended embryonic development (11–20 days) and the relatively short development time of the third instar larva were found to be characteristic of G. ruficollis. The bifurcated protrusion of the anterior edge of the head was proven to represent an outgrowth of the frontal sclerite (frontale), but not of the nasale, as believed previously. The chaetotaxy of Galerita larvae is described in detail for the first time. Based on larval features, the monophyly of the Galeritini + Dryptini group is confirmed. Based on the morphology of the larvae and pupae, this group can be suggested as occupying a separate position within the Truncatipennia, possibly being related to the assemblage that includes Pterostichini, Harpalini, Licinini, Chlaenini, and Platynini. The monophyly of Zuphiitae (sensu Erwin and Sims 1984; Erwin 1985) and the Zuphiitae clade (sensu Ober and Maddison 2008) is confirmed.

LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF RHABDOPHAGA SP. (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE), A GALL MIDGE ATTACKING WILLOW IN MICHIGAN

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Third Instar Larva ◽  
Salix Discolor

AbstractThe taxonomic status of Rhabdophaga sp. cannot be determined until a complete revision of the genus occurs. Rhabdophaga sp. on Salix discolor Mühl. is univoltine in Michigan. Adults emerge in mid-April, and shortly afterward deposit numerous eggs on the setaceous undersurface of emerging willow leaves; larval eclosion occurs between 1 and 2 weeks later. Head capsule measurements reveal three larval instars. The first-instar larva bores into the stem until it reaches the pith. Gall development begins about mid-June shortly after the second instar appears. The third-instar larva overwinters in the gall and the pupa appears in early April. The prolate gall is found on the proximal ends of young willow shoots; heavily galled shoots usually die.

scholarly journals Description of the third instar larva of a hypogean ground beetle, Trechus alicantinus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Ortuño ◽  
Ana Sofia Reboleira
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Third ◽  
Preimaginal Stages ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
Third Instar Larva ◽  
Laboratory Breeding

Description and illustrations are provided for the third instar larva of Trechus alicantinus Español, 1971 obtained from a laboratory breeding. This paper aims to contribute to increase the general knowledge about microendemic hypogean species of the east of the Iberian Peninsula. Besides, it expands the existing knowledge about the preimaginal stages of the genus Trechus and the whole tribe Trechini (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Larvae can give additional information about the life style of the species. Larvae can also express, even more than the imagos, some apomorphic characters, traditionally considered a result of adaptation to the hypogean habitat, such as the regression of ocular structures. The characteristic lack of stemmata is discussed. This type of event, which also appears in other Trechini larvae, is probably more related to phylogenetic lineages than with an adaptive response to hypogean environment.

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