scholarly journals Lyre shaped motif and its origins

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Tikhonov ◽  
Elena Tikhonova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Arts And Crafts ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Hellenistic Greece ◽  
The Baltic

Lyre shaped ornament is a common motif of ornamental and folklore applied art. But, unfortunately, the origins of the lyre shaped motif are still not well investigated. In the paper we review the literature devoted to the study of the emergence and spread of a lyre shaped motif and analyze museum exhibits from catalogs and published sources. The aim of the study is to define the сenters of the lyre motif origin and the paths of its distribution. Material and methods. Article analyzes lyre shaped motifs in museum artifacts, folk arts and crafts using materials presented in published literature and catalogs of museum exhibits. A spiral motif originated in Egypt. The origins of the lyre motif in ancient Egypt are probably connected with the iconography of the Egyptian god of Hathor, who was depicted as a woman with a headdress decorated with lyre shaped horns and a solar disk between them. It should be noted that the tradition of depicting a human face with cow horns has connections with the Neolithic period of the Nile Valley, where cattle breeding arose in the 6-5th millennium BC. The first cases of using a lyre shaped motif occured in scarab-like seals of Egypt and Minoan culture. Artifacts with a lyre shaped motif were observed related, dating from the Minoan and Mycenaean periods, during to the period of classical Hellenistic Greece. A lyre shaped motif was spread along trade routes from Crete to the Danube, the Elbe, the shores of the Baltic Sea and, together with the Celts, penetrated into Britain, from the Greek colonies of the Black Sea to the Scythians. In the Asian part of the Eurasian steppes, this motif symbolized the image of the eagle totem animal depicted like a griffin, especially in the early Scythian and Hunnic period. The origins of the lyre shaped motif in the Asian steppe, apparently, were the ancient motifs “taotie” in China and “masks” in the Russian Far East. The popularity of the lyre shaped motif in the folk arts and crafts of the Turkic peoples was probably due to the spread of this motif within the Scythian community, when there was a cult of the eagle-like griffin and totem.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequencing of a 900-Year-Old Human Skeleton Supports Two Past Migration Events from the Russian Far East to Northern Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Sato ◽  
Noboru Adachi ◽  
Ryosuke Kimura ◽  
Kazuyoshi Hosomichi ◽  
Minoru Yoneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Population History ◽  
Hla Typing ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Northern Japan

Abstract Recent studies on paleogenomics have reported some Paleolithic and Neolithic genomes that have provided new insights into the human population history in East and Northeast Asia. However, there remain some cases where more recent migration events need to be examined to elucidate the detailed formation process of local populations. Although the area around northern Japan is one of the regions archaeologically suggested to have been affected by migration waves after the Neolithic period, the genetic source of these migrations are still unclear. Thus, genomic data from such past migrant populations would be highly informative to clarify the detailed formation process of local populations in this region. Here, we report the genome sequence of a 900-year-old adult female (NAT002) belonging to the prehistoric Okhotsk people, who have been considered to be the past migrants to northern Japan after the Neolithic period. We found a close relationship between NAT002 and modern Lower Amur populations and past admixture events between the Amur, Jomon, and Kamchatka ancestries. The admixture dating suggested migration of Amur-related ancestry at approximately 1,600 BP, which is compatible with the archaeological evidence regarding the settlement of the Okhotsk people. Our results also imply migration of Kamchatka-related ancestry at approximately 2,000 BP. In addition, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing detected the HLA-B*40 allele, which is reported to increase the risk of arthritis, suggesting the genetic vulnerability of NAT002 to hyperostosis, which was observed around her chest clavicle.

The Crimean War in the Arctic

Polar Record ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (135) ◽  
pp. 577-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Baltic

Few wars have a more misleading name than the Crimean War. Far from being a local conflict, fought in the Black Sea peninsula from which the name derives, hostilities took place in many different areas of the globe. Major military operations, largely between Turks (siding with Britain and France) and Russians, occurred in the Balkans and the Caucasus, and a considerable naval effort was made by the British and French to prosecute the war against Russia in the Baltic and Black seas, and also in the Far East and the Pacific (Stephan 1969). The war even reached North America; elements of the Royal Navy reconnoitred Russian settlements in Alaska in 1855 (Tyrrell 1856, 2: 355).

Transforming Ussuri

2019 ◽  
pp. 153-182
Author(s):  
Alyssa M. Park
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Frontier Economy ◽  
Resettlement Programs

This chapter explores how Ussuri, the most populous district of the Maritime Province, was settled by Koreans, Russians, and Chinese. It accounts for state-directed migration programs that pulled or pushed each ethnic group and other significant factors that shaped patterns of mobility, including the environment, geography, and cross-border networks. Each group’s experience of migration and settlement was guided by a distinct set of circumstances. Most Russians who settled in the Maritime came from the Black Sea region and traveled through state resettlement programs. Chinese migration was cyclical and temporary in nature; Chinese tended to labor on large-scale enterprises in the frontier economy of the Russian Far East. Koreans were the most natural colonists in the Maritime. They worked and settled primarily in the countryside. The close proximity of Korea and established population base of Koreans in Ussuri facilitated the rise of seasonal migration and of cross-border networks.

scholarly journals Chronological Framework of the Siberian Paleolithic: Recent Achievements and Future Directions

Radiocarbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 757-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav V Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Middle Paleolithic ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Russian Far East

In Siberia, the accumulation of radiocarbon dates from archaeological sites since the 1960s makes it possible to compile a general Paleolithic 14C database, which contains about 440 entries as of late 2005. With these data, we can reveal the main chronological patterns of Paleolithic complexes, with a focus on the late Middle Paleolithic (Mousterian) and Upper Paleolithic. The 14C dates for late Middle Paleolithic industries in Siberia are quite “young,” up to about 30,000–28,500 BP and perhaps ∼27,000 BP. The emergence of the Upper Paleolithic in Siberia took place relatively early compared with Eastern Europe. At about 43,000–35,000 BP, blade-dominated industries existed in the Altai Mountains and Lake Baikal region, and numerous adornments are known from several sites of that age. The late Upper Paleolithic complexes with microblade technology from the Altai Mountains are 14C dated to about 35,000–28,000 BP, and represent the earliest unequivocal evidence of microblade manufacture in northern Eurasia. The end of the Paleolithic in Siberia is related to the appearance of pottery, which indicates the beginning of the Neolithic period. In northern Transbaikal, the earliest pottery complexes are dated to about 12,000–11,000 BP and in the Russian Far East even to ∼13,000 BP, while in most of Siberia they date to approximately 8000–6000 BP. The most important features of the Siberian Paleolithic chronology are: a) the long persistence of Middle Paleolithic complexes, until about 30,000–27,000 BP; b) very early Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition, ∼43,000 BP, closely connected with the emergence of art and symbolic behavior in the earliest Upper Paleolithic at this time; c) the very early origin of microblade complexes, at least at about 35,000 BP; and d) a gradual Paleolithic–Neolithic transition, beginning in the Russian Far East at ∼13,000 BP and in Transbaikal about 12,000–11,000 BP, in most of Siberia at about 8000–6000 BP, and even later in some northern regions.

Selection of the Area of Window Openings of Residential Buildings in Conditions of Monsoon Climate of the Far East of the Russian Federation and Northern Areas of China

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Aleksei K. Solovyov ◽  
Bi Guofu
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Monsoon Climate ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Artificial Illumination ◽  
Heat Penetration ◽  
Large Heat

The term “window” in architecture usually stands for an opening in a wall or roof for penetration of natural light, sunrays and fresh air in premises. Recently, the requirement of contact with environment is added to this condition. It is especially relevant for residential buildings where rooms are considered residential if they have windows. The energy consumption of a building depends on sizes, form and location of windows. In winter, windows cause huge heat losses, in summer, on the other hand, large heat enters a building via the windows and is required to be removed by means of air conditioning. Moreover, windows are used for penetration of natural light in premises, which assists in saving of large amounts of power for artificial illumination. This article discusses partial solving the problem of the energy efficiency of residential buildings by determining the most efficient area of windows in terms of energy spending for compensation of heat losses via windows in winter, elimination of heat penetration through them in summer and energy losses for artificial lighting throughout the year. The analysis of the results of calculation of power consumption for residential premises in conditions of monsoon climate of the Russian Far East and Northern areas of China (PRC) is provided.

Tax debt as a threat to the economic security of the Russian Far East

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-242
Author(s):  
V.A. Yakimova ◽  
A.A. Orekhova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Debt Collection ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Russian Far East

Subject. The article addresses the tax liabilities of taxpayers registered in the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, which should be paid to the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation, as well as the factors of the said debt growth. Objectives. Our aim is to assess the level of tax debt of regions of the Russian Far East and identify the correlation between the factors and the amount of tax debt. Methods. The study rests on methods of analysis, generalization, grouping, systematization, and the correlation and regression analysis. Results. We analyzed the level of tax debt for the entire Far Eastern Federal District and by region, identified factors affecting the growth of tax debt therein. The paper assesses the structure of tax debt by type of taxes and activity of debtors. The unveiled factors may help control changes in the size of tax debt in the Russian Far East and develop effective measures to improve the debt collection. Conclusions. The study shows that there is an increase in the tax debt in the regions of the Russian Far East, in the VAT in particular. The factor analysis revealed that the volume of sales of wholesale enterprises, investment in fixed capital, the consumer price index have the largest impact on the amount of tax debt.

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