scholarly journals Classificação geomecânica e análise da estabilidade de taludes em maciço rochoso em trechos das rodovias PE-160 e BR-104

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. e209101623637
Author(s):  
Tallys Celso Mineiro ◽  
Gabriel Magno Cavalcante Calado ◽  
Wagner Leal Guimarães Filho ◽  
Ananda Barbosa de Souza ◽  
Shirley Minnell Ferreira de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Rock Mass Rating ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Slope Mass Rating

Obras de infraestrutura tais como rodovias desenvolvem papel vital no funcionamento e desenvolvimento de uma sociedade; neste caso, sendo essencial para o escoamento têxtil da região. É comum em obras rodoviárias o corte de maciços rochosos resultando em encostas, que fundamentalmente necessitam de estabilidade para o pleno funcinamento das suas vias geratrizes. Este estudo pretende analisar enconstas provenientes da duplicação do trecho da PE-160 e BR-104 entre os municípios de Santa Cruz do Capibaribe e Toritama, com o objetivo de verificar a estabilidade das mesmas utilizando classificações geomecânicas como ferramentas de quantificação e qualificação. Na verificação da estabilidade foi utilizado o RMR (Rock Mass Rating) e SMR (Slope Mass Rating). O RMR se baseia em dados preliminares intrínsecos do maciço rochoso tais como a qualidade da rocha, caracterização das descontinuidades e condições hidrogeológicas; enquanto o SMR adiciona outras duas características ao RMR, que são as atitudes das descontinuidades dos taludes e a sua metodologia de escavação. Com os dados obtidos em campo, calculou-se o RMR dos maciços e este valor foi utilizado para a determinação do SMR que qualifica a condição de estabilidade global do talude. Os resultados obtidos identificaram situações de estabilidade global nos taludes; contudo, observou-se instabilizações localizadas, e para tais condições mínimas, metodologias de melhoramento e proteção foram sugeridas. Logo, a utilização de estudos de estabilidade de taludes como este, podem auxiliar na verificação das condições de segurança da rodovia assegurando-as ou antevendo incidentes e acidentes, e, ajudando em tomadas de decisões.

scholarly journals Slope mass rating of rock slopes of the Malekhu River, central Nepal Lesser Himalaya

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Naresh Kazi Tamrakar ◽  
Jaya Laxmi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Slope Stability ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Rock Mass Rating ◽  
Rock Slopes ◽  
Plane Failure ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Slope Mass Rating ◽  
Unstable Slope ◽  
Rock Mass Slopes

The Malekhu River is one of the major tributaries of the Trishuli Ganga River fl owing from the south in Malekhu region, central Nepal. Riverbank slope stability is a topic of concern as rock mass condition and slope stability of riverbank slopes are important parameters for riverbank erodibility. Fourteen sites in the Malekhu River were selected for rock mass rating (RMR) and then slope mass rating (SMR) by using a graphic method. The potentially vulnerable sites were identifi ed after conducting field study in different slopes. The results indicate that there occur modes of failures ranging from stable (good rock mass) to partially stable (normal rock mass) in all the study sites. The unstable (bad rock mass) and completely unstable (very bad rock mass) slopes are, however, distributed only in some slopes. The unstable slope of plane failure mode is Ka1, whereas the completely unstable slopes of plane failure mode are Rb2, Ml1 Slope 1 and Ml2. The unstable slope of toppling failure mode is Ml2. When wedge failure mode is considered, the slopes at Ti1 and Ka1 are unstable while the slopes at Kh1, Ka1, Ml1 Slope 1 are completely unstable. The rock slopes with unstable to completely unstable states are considered bad (SMR Class IV: 21–40) to very bad (SMR Class V: 0–20) rock mass with fair to poor rock mass rating, respectively. These bad to very bad rock mass slopes are vulnerable to slope movements and river erosion, and they require mitigative measures.

scholarly journals Desain Lereng Final Dengan Metode Rmr, Smr Dan Analisis Kestabilan Lereng: Pada Tambang Batubara Terbuka, Di Kabupaten Tanah Laut, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galih W. Swana ◽  
Dicky Muslim ◽  
Irvan Sophian
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Rock Mass Rating ◽  
Slope Mass Rating

Dalam menentukan kemiringan desain final lereng yang dibentuk, salah satu caranya ialah dengan menggunakan metode geomekanik melalui penentuan nilai Rock Mass Rating(RMR) dan nilai Slope Mass Rating (SMR). Namun, dari nilai SMR tidak diketahui faktor keamanan dari lereng tersebut sehingga diperlukan analisis kestabilan lereng. Nilai kemiringan lereng dan faktor keamanannya dapat menjadi acuan untuk membuat desain lereng final yang representatif. Penelitian dilakukan di tambang terbuka yang terdapat di Kecamatan Jorong Kabupaten Tanah Laut, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Daerah penelitian terletak pada Formasi Warukin dengan unit stratigrafinya yaitu batupasir (pasir kasar - halus), mudstone dan carbonaceous mudstone, serta batubara dengan jurus N 80°– 90° E dan kemiringan 29°-35°. RMR pada section Sidewall berkisar antara 25- 59, dan SMR berkisar antara 30,1°– 59°; pada section Western Lowwall atau data bor AGT-02 dan AGT-03 berkisar antara 20 - 55 dan SMR berkisar antara 20°– 55°. Pada section Western Highwall RMR berkisar antara 34 -71 dan SMR berkisar antara 33,06° – 71°. Pada section Eastern Lowwall RMR berkisar antara 20-55 dan SMR berkisar antara 20° – 54,96°. Pada section Eastern Highwall RMR berkisar antara 29-79 dan SMR berkisar antara 29°–52°. Dari hasil analisis kestabilan lereng, pada umumnya nilai kemiringan lereng hasil dari nilai SMR berada pada kondisi labil sampai stabil sehingga perlu dilakukan penurunan muka air tanah pada beberapa bagian agar dihasilkan desain final lereng yang stabil.

scholarly journals Classification of cut slopes in weathered meta-sedimentary bedrocks

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnbosco Ikenna Nkpadobi ◽  
John Kuna Raj ◽  
Tham Fatt Ng
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Rock Mass Rating ◽  
Rock Quality Designation ◽  
Rock Quality ◽  
Slope Mass Rating ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Kinematic Analyses ◽  
Cut Slopes

In order of abundance, the meta-sedimentary rocks along Pos Selim Highway in Perak state Malaysia comprise quartz mica schist, graphitic schist, and quartzite layers. Field investigations revealed that these meta-sedimentary rocks have gradational weathering profile based on differences particularly in textures, hardness, lateral changes in colour, and consistency of material extension. The results from uniaxial compressive strength tests confirmed field observations whereby failure occurred mostly on outcrops having joints almost perpendicular to foliation. From the kinematic analyses, the investigated cut slopes are unstable with possibilities of wedge and planar failures. Application of rock mass classification schemes including Rock Quality Designation (RQD) and Rock Mass Rating (RMR) yielded almost similar poor to good quality ranges for each investigated rock mass. While Slope Mass Rating (SMR) classified the cut slopes from stable to unstable slopes, this study categorized them into one actively unstable, four marginally stable and five stable slopes.  ResumenEn orden de abundancia, las rocas metasedimentarias a lo largo de la carretera Pos Selim, en el estado Perak de Malasia, se componen de esquistos de cuarzo mica, esquistos de grafito y capas de cuarzo. Las investigaciones de campo revelan que estas rocas metasedimentarias tienen perfiles de meteorización progresiva basados en diferencias particulares como textura, dureza, cambios laterales de color y consistencia del material de extensión. Los resultados de los ensayos uniaxiales de esfuerzo de compresión confirmaron las observaciones de campo por las cuales se estableció que las fallas ocurrieron mayormente en los afloramientos con coyunturas perpendiculares hacia la foliación. De los análisis cinemáticos se desprende que los taludes de corte investigados son inestables con posibilidades de fallas planas y de cuña. La utilización de esquemas de clasificación rocosa como el índice RQD (del inglés Rock Quality Designation) y la clasificación geomecánica de Bienawski o RMR (del inglés Rock Mass Rating) evidencia rangos similares de baja y buena calidad para cada masa rocosa estudiada. Mientras que el índice de taludes SMR (del inglés Slope Mass Rating) clasificó los taludes de corte de estables a inestables, este estudio los categorizó de uno activamente inestable, cuatro marginalmente estables y cinco estables.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KESTABILAN LERENG BEDASARKAN NILAI SLOPE MASS RATING DI DESA SUKAMAJU, TENGGARONG SEBERANG, KUTAI KARTANEGARA, KALIMANTAN TIMUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amin Syam ◽  
Tommy Trides ◽  
Heryanto Heryanto
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Rock Mass Rating ◽  
Rock Quality Designation ◽  
Rock Quality ◽  
Slope Mass Rating

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis kestabilan lereng berdasarkan nilai Slope Mass Rating lereng batuan pada desa Sukamaju, Tenggarong Seberang, Kutai Kartanegara. Slope Mass Rating adalah sistem klasifikasi massa batuan yang dirancang khusus untuk lereng batuan dengan menggabungkan nilai Rock Mass Rating dan penyesuaian terhadap arah orientasi kekar. Parameter yang digunakan dalam metode ini adalah nilai kuat tekan, Rock Quality Designation (RQD), spasi bidang kekar, kondisi bidang kekar, dan kondisi airtanah. Nilai kuat tekan batuan pembentuk lereng adalah 27.14 Mpa dengan bobot 4, nilai RQD sebesar 85% dengan bobot 17, spasi kekar rata-rata 48 cm dengan bobot 10, kondisi kekar dengan bobot 20, kondisi airtanah dengan bobot 15, arah orientasi lereng tidak menguntungkan dengan bobot -24, dan lereng masih merupakan lereng alamiah sehingga tidak ada aktifitas akan dieskavasi denan bobot 15. Dengan menjumlahkan setiap parameter, maka diperoleh nilai Slope Mass Rating (SMR) sebesar 57. Nilai ini bermakna bahwa kondisi batuan tergolong lereng dengan kualitas massa batuan yang normal, stabil pada sebagian lereng, dan dapat terjadi longsoran berupa jatuhan batuan dari kekar dan longsoran baji.    

scholarly journals Slope mass rating in middle mountain of Nepal: a case study on landslide at Rabi VDC Opi Village, Kavre

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumud Raj Kafle
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Rock Mass Rating ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Slope Mass Rating ◽  
Development Committee ◽  
Attitude Measurements

The study landslide area lies on Opi Village Development Committee (VDC) of Kavre district at the north west (about 3 km) of Dhulikhel Bazar and North east (about 4km) from Banepa Bazar of Nepal. The area is composed of rocks of Bhimphedi group of lesser Himalayan crystalline. The rock on this group comprises Precambrian green schists metamorphosed rocks of schist quartzite and few marble horizons. Geomorphologically, the failure site is located in between a stream gully on the toe and residual soil on the crown. Field observation, attitude measurements, sampling and lab analysis and GPS mapping are the main methods to find the dimension and characteristics of the landslide.It is found that there are few major discontinuities that play the role for the rock/soil slides around the area. In the field measurement the orientation of the rock foliation around the area is 220°/35°. The major discontinuities are 205°/40° and 150°/60°. These joint sets play the main role to the plane as well as wedge failures around the area.Slope Mass Rating (SMR) is calculated based on values of Rock Mass Rating (RMR), other joints and slope orientation. The calculated value of SMR is 34, which indicates the calculated value lies on IV class (Bad), unstable having planner or big wedges failure of SMR and needs to be corrective measures in the slope. The calculated result matches the site condition and characteristics of the Opi land slides. Key Words: Landslide; Discontinuities; Slope Mass Rating; Rock Mass Rating DOI: 10.3126/kuset.v6i2.4009Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol.6. No II, November, 2010, pp.28-38

scholarly journals Koreksi Smr Pada Desain Lereng Tambangterbuka Batubara Pada Formasi Balikpapan & Formasi Kampungbaru, Sangasanga,Kalimantan Timur

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Zufialdi Zakaria ◽  
Dicky Muslim
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Rock Mass Rating ◽  
Slope Mass Rating

Kajian desain lereng stabil dibutuhkan dalam eksploitasi tambang batubara, khususnya dalam sistem tambang terbuka. Penambangan memerlukan desain lereng dengan berbagai cara. Untuk menemukan lereng stabil secara cepat, digunakan pembobotan massa lereng (SMR, Slope Mass Rating) yang berdasarkan kepada pembobotan massa batuan (RMR, Rock Mass Rating). Pada titik lokasi yang longsor maupun rawan longsor, diperlukan kajian khusus mengenai kestabilan lereng dengan metode lain dan menggunakan perangkat lain. Pada formasi batuan yang mengandung lapisan material urai (loose) seperti pasir kuarsa pada Formasi Balikpapan maupun Formasi Kampungbaru di Sangasanga, Kalimantan Timur, penentuan pembobotan massa lereng perlu dikoreksi untuk menemukan sudut lereng yang paling aman. Meskipun pada akhirnya, pilihan penentuan sudut lereng yang aman, akan bergantung pula kepada aspek ekonomis dalam penambangan. Hasil koreksi SMR yang melibatkan nilai SMR berdasarkan peneliti terdahulu (Laubscher, Romana, Orr dan Hall) didapatkan rumus-persamaan, yaitu: 1) SMR = 68,22 ln(RMR) - 225,5 (untuk persamaan logaritmik); 2) SMR = 1,262RMR - 22,30 (untuk persamaan linier); 3) 0,082 RMR 1,580 (untuk persamaan power); dan 4) SMR = 9,191e0,029RMR (untuk persamaan eksponensial).

scholarly journals Analisis kestabilan lereng dengan menggunakan metoda RMR, SMR dan kesetimbangan batas pada tambang terbuka di Kabupaten Belitung Timur

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budhi Setiawan ◽  
Teguh Samudera P
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Rock Mass Rating ◽  
Slope Mass Rating

Penambangan yang dilakukan dengan metode tambang terbuka memiliki resiko terjadinya longsor apabila lereng tambang yang dibuat tidak stabil. Dalam penentuan lereng tambang yang stabil perlu dilakukannya studi geoteknik dengan metode geomekanik meliputi penentuan nilai Rock Mass Rating (RMR) dan Slope Mass Rating (SMR) dari data pemboran Serta melakukan analisis kestabilan lereng untuk mendapatkan nilai faktor keamanan lereng karena nilai RMR dan SMR belum bisa menggambarkan nilai keamanan lereng secara pasti.Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Damar, Kabupaten Belitung Timur, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung yang berlokasi di daerah tambang terbuka milik perusahaan.Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan data bor didapatkan nilai RMR berkisar antara 12 – 78 dan SMR berkisar antara 22 – 88 pada titik bor BT_01. Nilai RMR berkisar antara 29 – 71 dan SMR berkisar antara 39 – 81 pada titik bor BT_02. Nilai RMR berkisar antara 11 – 58 dan SMR berkisar antara 21 – 68 pada titik bor BT_03. Nilai RMR berkisar antara 32 – 75 dan SMR berkisar antara 42 – 85 pada titik bor BT_04.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, untuk mendapatkan nilai FK > 1,25 yang aman dan stabil (Bowles, 1989, dalam Zakaria, 2009) maka perlu dilakukannya penambahan dan pengurangan nilai lebar, ketinggian, dan sudut lereng yang dibuat. Tetapi hasil yang didapatkan belum maksimal sehingga perlu dilakukannya pembuatan ramp pada lereng agar dihasilkan suatu desain lereng yang stabil dan optimal untuk ditambang.

scholarly journals Finite-difference based response surface methodology to optimize tailgate support systems in longwall coal mining

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satar Mahdevari ◽  
Mohammad Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Longwall Mining ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Rock Mass Rating ◽  
Slake Durability Index ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Durability Index

AbstractDesigning a suitable support system is of great importance in longwall mining to ensure the safe and stable working conditions over the entire life of the mine. In high-speed mechanized longwall mining, the most vulnerable zones to failure are roof strata in the vicinity of the tailgate roadway and T-junctions. Severe roof displacements are occurred in the tailgate roadway due to the high-stress concentrations around the exposed roof span. In this respect, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize tailgate support systems in the Tabas longwall coal mine, northeast of Iran. The nine geomechanical parameters were obtained through the field and laboratory studies including density, uniaxial compressive strength, angle of internal friction, cohesion, shear strength, tensile strength, Young’s modulus, slake durability index, and rock mass rating. A design of experiment was developed through considering a Central Composite Design (CCD) on the independent variables. The 149 experiments are resulted based on the output of CCD, and were introduced to a software package of finite difference numerical method to calculate the maximum roof displacements (dmax) in each experiment as the response of design. Therefore, the geomechanical variables are merged and consolidated into a modified quadratic equation for prediction of the dmax. The proposed model was executed in four approaches of linear, two-factor interaction, quadratic, and cubic. The best squared correlation coefficient was obtained as 0.96. The prediction capability of the model was examined by testing on some unseen real data that were monitored at the mine. The proposed model appears to give a high goodness of fit with the accuracy of 0.90. These results indicate the accuracy and reliability of the developed model, which may be considered as a reliable tool for optimizing or redesigning the support systems in longwall tailgates. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to identify the key variables affecting the dmax, and to recognize their pairwise interaction effects. The key parameters influencing the dmax are respectively found to be slake durability index, Young’s modulus, uniaxial compressive strength, and rock mass rating.

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