scholarly journals Classification of cut slopes in weathered meta-sedimentary bedrocks

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnbosco Ikenna Nkpadobi ◽  
John Kuna Raj ◽  
Tham Fatt Ng
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Rock Mass Rating ◽  
Rock Quality Designation ◽  
Rock Quality ◽  
Slope Mass Rating ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Kinematic Analyses ◽  
Cut Slopes

In order of abundance, the meta-sedimentary rocks along Pos Selim Highway in Perak state Malaysia comprise quartz mica schist, graphitic schist, and quartzite layers. Field investigations revealed that these meta-sedimentary rocks have gradational weathering profile based on differences particularly in textures, hardness, lateral changes in colour, and consistency of material extension. The results from uniaxial compressive strength tests confirmed field observations whereby failure occurred mostly on outcrops having joints almost perpendicular to foliation. From the kinematic analyses, the investigated cut slopes are unstable with possibilities of wedge and planar failures. Application of rock mass classification schemes including Rock Quality Designation (RQD) and Rock Mass Rating (RMR) yielded almost similar poor to good quality ranges for each investigated rock mass. While Slope Mass Rating (SMR) classified the cut slopes from stable to unstable slopes, this study categorized them into one actively unstable, four marginally stable and five stable slopes.  ResumenEn orden de abundancia, las rocas metasedimentarias a lo largo de la carretera Pos Selim, en el estado Perak de Malasia, se componen de esquistos de cuarzo mica, esquistos de grafito y capas de cuarzo. Las investigaciones de campo revelan que estas rocas metasedimentarias tienen perfiles de meteorización progresiva basados en diferencias particulares como textura, dureza, cambios laterales de color y consistencia del material de extensión. Los resultados de los ensayos uniaxiales de esfuerzo de compresión confirmaron las observaciones de campo por las cuales se estableció que las fallas ocurrieron mayormente en los afloramientos con coyunturas perpendiculares hacia la foliación. De los análisis cinemáticos se desprende que los taludes de corte investigados son inestables con posibilidades de fallas planas y de cuña. La utilización de esquemas de clasificación rocosa como el índice RQD (del inglés Rock Quality Designation) y la clasificación geomecánica de Bienawski o RMR (del inglés Rock Mass Rating) evidencia rangos similares de baja y buena calidad para cada masa rocosa estudiada. Mientras que el índice de taludes SMR (del inglés Slope Mass Rating) clasificó los taludes de corte de estables a inestables, este estudio los categorizó de uno activamente inestable, cuatro marginalmente estables y cinco estables.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KESTABILAN LERENG BEDASARKAN NILAI SLOPE MASS RATING DI DESA SUKAMAJU, TENGGARONG SEBERANG, KUTAI KARTANEGARA, KALIMANTAN TIMUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amin Syam ◽  
Tommy Trides ◽  
Heryanto Heryanto
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Rock Mass Rating ◽  
Rock Quality Designation ◽  
Rock Quality ◽  
Slope Mass Rating

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis kestabilan lereng berdasarkan nilai Slope Mass Rating lereng batuan pada desa Sukamaju, Tenggarong Seberang, Kutai Kartanegara. Slope Mass Rating adalah sistem klasifikasi massa batuan yang dirancang khusus untuk lereng batuan dengan menggabungkan nilai Rock Mass Rating dan penyesuaian terhadap arah orientasi kekar. Parameter yang digunakan dalam metode ini adalah nilai kuat tekan, Rock Quality Designation (RQD), spasi bidang kekar, kondisi bidang kekar, dan kondisi airtanah. Nilai kuat tekan batuan pembentuk lereng adalah 27.14 Mpa dengan bobot 4, nilai RQD sebesar 85% dengan bobot 17, spasi kekar rata-rata 48 cm dengan bobot 10, kondisi kekar dengan bobot 20, kondisi airtanah dengan bobot 15, arah orientasi lereng tidak menguntungkan dengan bobot -24, dan lereng masih merupakan lereng alamiah sehingga tidak ada aktifitas akan dieskavasi denan bobot 15. Dengan menjumlahkan setiap parameter, maka diperoleh nilai Slope Mass Rating (SMR) sebesar 57. Nilai ini bermakna bahwa kondisi batuan tergolong lereng dengan kualitas massa batuan yang normal, stabil pada sebagian lereng, dan dapat terjadi longsoran berupa jatuhan batuan dari kekar dan longsoran baji.    

Анализ инженерных свойств горных пород участка плотины Шах-и-Арус, Кабул, Афгани

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Абдулхалим Зарьяб ◽  
◽  
Мохаммад Ибрагим Наджаф ◽  
Мохаммад Зия Джамал
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Rock Mass Rating ◽  
Rock Quality Designation ◽  
Rock Quality

В настоящее время на реке Шакардара примерно в 22 км к северо-западу от г. Кабул, Афганистан, ведется строительство плотины Шах-и-Арус. Ее высота и длина составляют 77,5 м и 303 м, соответственно, а объем водохранилища оценивается примерно в 9,38 млн м 3 . Данное многоцелевое сооружение возводится из роликового уплотненного бетона (RCC) и предназначено для хранения оросительной воды, сдерживания наводнений и выработки электроэнергии. Плотина располагается в тектонически активной зоне, чем обусловливается значительное воздействие на нее тектонических процессов. В настоящей статье представлены результаты сопоставления показателей нарушенности горных пород (Rock Quality Designation, RQD) и параметров Люжона, основанных на обзоре и анализе материалов первоначальных инженерно-геологических изысканий и дополнительных полевых наблюдений. Результаты значений Люжона и показателей RQD прошли статистически-графическую оценку, и далее данные полученных графиков были сопоставлены со всеми другими естественными условиями зоны строительства плотины. Полученные результаты указывают на то, что комплекс природных условий в определенной степени характеризуется взаимосвязью между значениями Люжона и параметрами RQD. Кроме этого, массив горных пород основания плотины был охарактеризован в соответствии с классификацией скальной породы RMR (Rock Mass Rating).

GEOMETRI PELEDAKAN BERDASARKAN ROCK MASS RATING (RMR) DAN FRAGMENTASI HASIL PELEDAKAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Aprilliana ◽  
Taufik Toha ◽  
Budhi Kuswan Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Rock Mass Rating ◽  
Rock Quality Designation ◽  
Rock Quality

Peledakan merupakan salah satu metode pembongkaran lapisan batuan. Hasil dari peledakan ini adalah fragmentasi batuan yang berukuran beragam. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi ukuran fragmentasi ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh geometri peledakan. Geometri peledakan sulit untuk dievaluasi karena belum pernah melakukan analisis fragmentasi hasil peledakan menggunakan software. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi geometri peledakan, Identifikasi kelas massa batuan menggunakan Rock Mass Rating (RMR), dan menganalisis fragmentasi hasil peledakan. Metode identifikasi kelas massa batuan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode rock mass rating (RMR) meliputi kuat tekan batuan, rock quality designation (RQD), jarak diskontinuity, kondisi diskontinuity, dan air tanah. Sedangkan fragmentasi hasil peledakan dianalisis menggunakan software split desktop. Pada analisis ini foto fragmentasi hasil peledakan di front dan di disposal diambil langsung sebagai data utama yang menjadi dasar dari analisis ini. Berdasarkan hasil analisis RMR diketahui bahwa batuan yang dibongkar adalah jenis claystone dengan rating kuat tekan 1, RQD 8, Jarak diskontinuitas 15, kondisi diskontinuitas 0, kondisi air tanah 15. Jadi total rating RMR 39 yang berarti batuan ini tergolong batuan jelek atau lunak. data diketahui bahwa batuan yang diledakkan merupakan jenis claystone kelas IV yang berarti jelek atau lunak, Hasil analisis fragmentasi hasil peledakan di disposal lebih kecil dan seragam dibandingkan dengan fragmentasi di front, perbedaan ukuran fragmentasi ini akibat adanya pengaruh dari aktivitas gali muat dan angkut material dari front ke disposal. Produktivitas excavator sudah sesuai dengan buku panduan yang berarti fragmentasi hasil peledakan sudah baik sehingga geometri peledakan tidak perlu diperbaiki.

Rock quality designation (RQD): time to rest in peace

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Pells ◽  
Z.T. Bieniawski ◽  
S.R. Hencher ◽  
S.E. Pells
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Geological Strength Index ◽  
Rock Mass Rating ◽  
Rock Quality Designation ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Rock Quality ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
The Look ◽  
Definition Of

Rock quality designation (RQD) was introduced by Don Deere in the mid-1960s as a means of using diamond core to classify rock for engineering purposes. Subsequently, it was incorporated into the rock mass rating (RMR) and Q-system classification methods that, worldwide, now play substantial roles in rock mechanics design, whether for tunnels, foundations, rock slopes or rock excavation. It is shown that a key facet of the definition of RQD is ignored in many parts of the world, and it is noted that there are several inherent limitations to the use of RQD. Based on mapping of rock formations by 17 independent professionals at different locations in Australia and South Africa, it is shown that differences in assessed RQD values result in significant errors in computed RMR and Q ratings, and also in geological strength index (GSI) and mining rock mass rating (MRMR). The introduction of a look-up chart for assessing GSI has effectively removed the need to measure, or estimate, RQD. It has been found that GSI values derived from the look-up chart are as valid as those derived by calculation from the original component parameters, and are satisfactorily consistent between professionals from diverse backgrounds. The look-up charts provide a quick and appropriate means of assessing GSI from exposures. GSI is, in turn, a useful rock mass strength index; one new application is presented for assessing potential erosion of unlined spillways in rock. Incorporation of RQD within the RMR and Q classification systems was a matter of historical development, and its incorporation into rock mass classifications is no longer necessary.

scholarly journals Analisis Karakteristik Massa Batuan di Sektor Lemajung, Kalan, Kalimantan Barat

EKSPLORIUM ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heri Syaeful ◽  
Dhatu Kamajati
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Uniaxial Compressive Strength ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Rock Mechanic ◽  
Rock Mass Rating ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Rock Quality Designation ◽  
Joint Spacing ◽  
Rock Quality

Karakterisasi massa batuan diperlukan dalam suatu rancangan bukaan batuan, dimana perhitungan sifat-sifat teknis dari massa batuan menjadi hal yang penting untuk diperhatikan. Sektor Lemajung merupakan salah satu area prospek untuk penambangan uranium di Kalan, Kalimantan Barat. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan data karakteristik massa batuan yang merupakan data dasar bagi perencanaan pengembangan teknik penambangan cebakan bahan galian. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah dengan pengambilan contoh batuan untuk analisis laboratorium mekanika batuan, pengamatan rekahan, dan pengamatan kondisi airtanah. Parameter batuan yang dianalisis meliputi uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), rock quality designation (RQD), jarak rekahan, kondisi rekahan, dan airtanah. Hasil analisis menyimpulkan bahwa metalanau sebagai litologi yang mengandung uranium di Sektor Lemajung mempunyai nilai rock mass rating (RMR) sebesar 56 atau kelas massa batuan III: fair rock pada kedalaman sekitar 60 m, dan pada kedalaman 280 m nilai RMR mencapai 82 atau kelas massa batuan I: very good rock. Data nilai RMR tersebut selanjutnya dapat digunakan dalam analisis pembuatan terowongan pada model tambang bawah tanah atau analisis kestabilan lereng pada model tambang terbuka. Rock mass characterization is required in design of rock opening, which calculation of engineering characters of rock mass become one important parameter toconsider. Lemajung sector is one of prospect area for uranium mining in Kalan, West Kalimantan. Purpose of research is to acquire rock mass characteristicsas basic data for planning the development of mining technique of ore deposit. Methodology applied is rock sampling for rock mechanic laboratory analysis, observation of joints, and observation of groundwater condition. Rock parameters analyzed includes uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), rock quality designation (RQD), joint spacing, joint condition, and groundwater. Analysis concluded that metasiltstonewhich is lithology contained uranium in Lemajung Sector has rock mass rating (RMR) value of 56 or rock mass class III: fair rock in the depth of around 60 m, and in the depth of 280 m RMR value reach 82 or rock mass class I: very good rock. RMR value data furthermore could be used for analysis of tunneling in the model of underground mine or slope stability analysis in the model of open pit mine.

scholarly journals APPLICABILITY OF THE ROCK MASS RATING (RMR) SYSTEM FOR THE TRUSMADI FORMATION AT SABAH, MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Rodeano Roslee ◽  
Jeffery Anak Pirah ◽  
Mohd Fauzi Zikiri ◽  
Ahmad Nazrul Madri
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Rock Mass Rating ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Rock Quality Designation ◽  
Rock Quality ◽  
Rock Structure ◽  
Class Iv

Rock Mass Classification Systems (RMCS) can be of considerable use in the initial stage of a project when little or no detailed information is available. There is a large number of RMCS developed for general purposes but also for specific applications such as Rock Quality Designation (RQD), Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Rock Structure Rating (RSR), Geological Strength Index (GSI), Slope Mass Rating (SMR), etc. In this paper, we present the results of the applicability of the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) System for the Trusmadi Formation in Sabah, Malaysia. The RMR system is a RMCS incorporated with five (5) parameters: Strength of intact rock material, Rock Quality Designation (RQD), Spacing of joints, Condition of joints, and Groundwater conditions. A total of ten (10) locations were selected on the basis of exposures of the lithology and slope condition of the Trusmadi Formation. Trusmadi Formation is Paleocene to Eocene in aged. The Trusmadi Formation generally shows two major structural orientations NW-SE and NE-SW. Trusmadi Formation is characterized by the present of dark colour argillaceous rocks, siltstone and thin-bedded turbidite in well-stratified sequence. Some of the Trusmadi Formation rocks have been metamorphosed to low grade of the greenish-schist facies; the sediment has become slate, phyllite and metarenite. Cataclastic rocks are widespread and occur as black phyllonite enclosing arenitic and lutitic boudins with diameter up to a meter or demarcating thin to thicker fault zones or as flaser zones with hardly any finer grain matrix or as zones of closely spaced fractures. Quartz and calcite veins are quite widespread within the crack deformed on sandstone beds. The shale is dark grey when fresh but changes light grey to brownish when weathered. The RMR system for 10 outcrops ranges from 33.0 to 50.0 and its classified as “Fair” (Class III) to “Poor” (Class IV) rocks. The Fair Rock (Class III) recommended that the excavation should be top heading and bench 1.5 m – 3 m advance in the top heading. Support should be commencing after each blast and complete support 10 m from face. Rock bolts should be systematic with 4 m long spaced 1.5 m – 2 m in crown and walls with wire mesh in crown. Shotcrete should be 50 mm – 100 mm in crown and 30 mm in sides. While for the Poor Rock (Class IV), the excavation should be top heading and bench 1.0 m – 1.5 m advance in top heading. Support should be installed concurrently with excavation, 10 m from face. Rock bolt should be systematic with 4 m – 5 m long, spaced 1.5 m – 1.5 m in crown and walls with wire mesh. Shotcrete of 100 m – 150 mm in crown and 100 mm in sides. The steel sets should be light to medium ribs spaced 1.5 m only when required.

scholarly journals Engineering geological zoning of the Scorillo Dam site, Romania

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Marunteanu ◽  
Ion Durdun
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Grout Curtain ◽  
Rock Quality Designation ◽  
Rock Quality ◽  
Rock Mass Quality ◽  
Engineering Geological Zoning ◽  
Dam Site

A model of engineering geological classification and zoning of the Scorillo Dam site in Romania is proposed to optimise the design of the dam and of the grout curtain. The rock mass was classified into four categories: from 1 (good) to 4 (very poor), according to the rock mass quality (RMQ) at the dam site. Parameters available and used to determine the RMQ were lithology, degree of weathering and fragmentation, rock quality designation (RQD), and modulus of elasticity (E). Based on the study, a new design of the dam, its slopes, and the grout curtain was carried out.

scholarly journals Correlation of P-wave Velocity with Rock Quality Designation (RQD) in Volcanic Rocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Ainul Fatayaatis Salaamah ◽  
Teuku Faisal Fathani ◽  
Wahyu Wilopo
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Rock Mass Classification ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Rock Quality Designation ◽  
Rock Quality ◽  
P Wave Velocity ◽  
Mass Classification

One important part of rock mass investigation is the geomechanical assessment in terms of rock mass classification systems. Rock mass classification is one of themost efficient methods in rock mechanics to provide a basic understanding of rock masscharacterization. Rock mass properties can be determined by a seismic refraction surveyas an indirect geophysical assessment. In this study, the P-wave velocity from seismicrefraction was compared with the Rock Quality Designation (RQD) from the boreholes.The empirical correlation between the RQD and the P-wave velocity was found by usingthe linear regression analysis. The RQD value estimated from the P-wave velocity can beapplied for tropical environment study with geological conditions of volcanic rocks. This study helps to estimate and predict the subsurface rock quality, to reduce investigation costs, and to improve understanding of subsurface rock quality.

scholarly journals Slope mass rating of rock slopes of the Malekhu River, central Nepal Lesser Himalaya

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Naresh Kazi Tamrakar ◽  
Jaya Laxmi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Slope Stability ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Rock Mass Rating ◽  
Rock Slopes ◽  
Plane Failure ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Slope Mass Rating ◽  
Unstable Slope ◽  
Rock Mass Slopes

The Malekhu River is one of the major tributaries of the Trishuli Ganga River fl owing from the south in Malekhu region, central Nepal. Riverbank slope stability is a topic of concern as rock mass condition and slope stability of riverbank slopes are important parameters for riverbank erodibility. Fourteen sites in the Malekhu River were selected for rock mass rating (RMR) and then slope mass rating (SMR) by using a graphic method. The potentially vulnerable sites were identifi ed after conducting field study in different slopes. The results indicate that there occur modes of failures ranging from stable (good rock mass) to partially stable (normal rock mass) in all the study sites. The unstable (bad rock mass) and completely unstable (very bad rock mass) slopes are, however, distributed only in some slopes. The unstable slope of plane failure mode is Ka1, whereas the completely unstable slopes of plane failure mode are Rb2, Ml1 Slope 1 and Ml2. The unstable slope of toppling failure mode is Ml2. When wedge failure mode is considered, the slopes at Ti1 and Ka1 are unstable while the slopes at Kh1, Ka1, Ml1 Slope 1 are completely unstable. The rock slopes with unstable to completely unstable states are considered bad (SMR Class IV: 21–40) to very bad (SMR Class V: 0–20) rock mass with fair to poor rock mass rating, respectively. These bad to very bad rock mass slopes are vulnerable to slope movements and river erosion, and they require mitigative measures.

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