scholarly journals Echocardiographic techniques for assessing pulmonary artery pressure

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e44932309
Author(s):  
Tamyris Beluque ◽  
Bruna Natali da Costa ◽  
Beatriz de Carvalho Pato Vila ◽  
Vinícius Bentivóglio Costa Silva ◽  
Marlos Gonçalves Sousa

This paper aims to perform an analysis of the indirect methods of pulmonary artery pressure assessment based on the scientific literature. Through bibliographic survey, scientific articles were selected according to their relevance to the theme.The assessment of pulmonary artery pressure allows to infer whether the individual has pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which is associated with a poor prognosis in dogs diagnosed with mitral valve degeneration. The standard examination is pulmonary artery catheterization, but this method has not been used in routine veterinary medicine because the clinical status of the animal usually does not allow sedation and it is a costly procedure. The diagnosis of PAH in small animals through Doppler echocardiography can be obtained by evaluating the regurgitation of the tricuspid or pulmonary valve, subjective characteristics and measurement of the acceleration time (AT) and the acceleration time-to-ejection time ratio of pulmonary artery (AT:ET), pulmonary artery-to-pulmonary vein ratio, distensibility of the right pulmonary artery (RAPD), and assessment of right ventricular function, especially TEI index and strain. The aim of this review was to demonstrate the main echocardiographic techniques to estimate PAH, with the intention of contributing to the cardiologist in the diagnosis of PAH. All techniques have positive and negative factors however, it is important to emphasize that there is no ideal technique, and the most assertive way to arrive at the diagnosis is to associate the different techniques.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Rajarajan Ganesan

ABSTRACT Background Pulmonary acceleration time (PAT) forms a valuable echocardiographic parameter in deriving the mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP). The present study aims to derive and validate a formula relating MPAP and PAT in an Indian population. Materials and methods Preoperative echocardiography was performed in 22 adult cardiac surgery patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/or mitral valve replacement. The PAT, PAT/right ventricular ejection time (RVET), PAT corrected for heart rate [(HR) HRcPAT], and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) peak velocity were correlated with MPAP measured from pulmonary artery (PA) catheter, and a new formula relating MPAP and PAT was derived and subsequently validated in another cohort of 21 patients. Results The PAT, HRcPAT, and PAT/RVET correlated well (r2 = 0.69, 0.68 and 0.47 respectively, p < 0.0001), while TR velocity correlated poorly with MPAP (r2 = 0.20, p = 0.046). The cutoff values of PAT and HRcPAT for diagnosing pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) (MPAP = 25 mm Hg) were 74 and 99 respectively, with 92% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The derived formula (MPAP = 62.4 - 0.3 PAT) correlated well with the standard formula (79-0.45 PAT) on applying in the validation cohort (Bland—Altman plot, bias <10%). In subgroup analysis, patients with severe PAH (MPAP = 50 mm Hg) showed better correlation than patients with less than severe PAH (r2 = 0.633, p =0.038 a nd r2 = 0.46, p = 0.108 respectively). Similarly, the formula for deriving pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) from PAT [(PVRI = 14.9-0.09 pulmonary artery acceleration time (PAAT)] correlated well with the existing formula (PVRI = 9 - 0.07 PAAT). The inter- and intraobserver variabilities were not significant. Conclusion The indexed formula is better in predicting MPAP from PAT in Indian population, particularly in patients with severe PAH (MPAP = 50 mm Hg) and the cutoffs of PAT and HRcPAT in predicting PAH (MPAP = 25 mm Hg) in an Indian population are 74 and 99 msec respectively. How to cite this article Munirathinam GK, Kumar A, Ganesan R, Puri GD. Derivation and Validation of Formula relating Pulmonary Acceleration Time and Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure in Indian Population. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2017;5(1):3-11.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Moyu Hasegawa ◽  
Shigemitsu Iwai ◽  
Kazuhiko Ishimaru

Abstract A one-and-a-half-month-old patient with isolated unilateral absence of the right proximal pulmonary artery with prominent left pulmonary hypertension was diagnosed using CT. Medication therapy was initiated first. Left pulmonary artery pressure decreased after the initiation of medication therapy, and single-stage reconstruction of the right pulmonary artery was performed. The patient is asymptomatic 14 months postoperatively.


Author(s):  
Thanh Xuan Nguyen

TÓM TẮT Mục tiêu: Đánh giá áp lực động mạch phổi (ALĐMP) ở bệnh nhân Covid-19 mức độ trung bình và nặng. Đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng ở nhóm bệnh nhân Covid-19 mức độ trung bình và nặng có hoặc không có tăng ALĐMP. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 200 bệnh nhân nhiễm SARS-CoV-2 đang được điều trị tại khu thoát hồi sức và khu nguy kịch trung tâm hồi sức tích cực người bệnh COVID-19 trực thuộc bệnh viện trung ương Huế tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh từ ngày 12/8/2021 đến ngày 15/11/2021. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình trong nhóm nghiên cứu là 57,38 ± 17,62 tuổi với 47,5% nam giới. Thời gian khởi bệnh là 6,92 ± 3,9 ngày. Qua đánh giá bằng siêu âm tim phát hiện có 28 (14%) bệnh nhân có biểu hiện tăng ALĐMP với độ tuổi trung bình là 67,04 ± 13,50 tuổi cao hơn so với nhóm không tăng ALĐMP 55,8 ± 17,75 tuổi và có các bệnh kèm theo thường xuyên hơn ĐTĐ (35,7%), THA (50%), BMV (6%), đồng thời chỉ số BMI cũng cao hơn 26,02 ± 3,68 kg/m2. Mức tăng ALDMP trung bình là 44,50 ± 8,19 mmHg, TAPSE ở bệnh nhân Tăng ALĐMP là 19,96 ± 2,36 mmHg thấp hơn ở bệnh nhân không tăng 25,51 ± 1,19 mmHg. Các đường kính đáy giữa và dọc của thất phải đều cao hơn đáng kể ở các bệnh nhân tăng ALĐMP, diện tích nhĩ phải cũng vậy 17,57 ± 2,23mm so với 13,33 ± 1,14mm ở bệnh nhân không có tăng ALĐMP. Tăng áp phổi ở các bệnh nhân đang điều trị Covid đa phần là ở mức độ nhẹ 85,7%, mức độ vừa và nặng chỉ chiếm tỷ lệ nhỏ 10,7% và 3,6%, chủ yếu ở khu vực bệnh nặng 78,6%, khu vực thoát hồi sức ít hơn chỉ có 21,4%. Bệnh nhân có tăng ALĐMP cho thấy có số lượng bạch cầu cao 16,21 ± 7,19 K/µL, D-Dimer cao 4508 ± 7208 ng/mL, Ferritin cao 1163 ± 738 ng/mL, CRP cao 111,4 ± 77,9 mg/L K/µL so với nhóm không có tăng ALĐMP. Kết luận: Siêu âm tim là phương pháp đơn giản, nhanh chóng giúp phát hiện, theo dõi và đánh giá tình trạng tăng áp phổi trong quá trình điều trị bệnh nhân COVID-19. ABSTRACT EVALUATION OF PULMONARY ARTERY PRESSURE INDEX ON ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 Objectives: Evaluation of pulmonary artery pressure in moderate and severe Covid-19 patients. Clinical and subclinical characteristics in moderate and severe Covid-19 patients with or without pulmonary arterial hypertension. Methods: A cross - sectional descriptive study was performed on 200 Covid-19 patients who were treated in the recovery and critical areas of the COVID-19 Intensive care center of Hue Central Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City from August 12, 2021 to November 15, 2021. Results: The mean age in the study group was 57.38 ± 17.62. The time of onset was 6.92 ± 3.9 days. Underechocardiographic assessment, 28 (14%) patients showed an increase of PAP with an average age of 67.04 ± 13.50, which was higher than the group without an increase of PAP of 55.8 ± 17.75 and had comorbidities more often than diabetes (35.7%), hypertension (50%), CVD (6%), and BMI was also higher than 26.02 ± 3.68. The mean increase of PAP was 44.50 ± 8.19 mmHg, TAPSE in patients with increased PAP was 19.96 ± 2.36 lower than in patients without an increase of 25.51 ± 1.19. The medial and longitudinal basal diameters of the right ventricle were both significantly higher in patients with increased PAP, as was the area of the right atrium 17.57 ± 2.23 mm compared with 13.33 ± 1.14 mm in patients without increased PAP. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in COVID-19 patients is mostly mild at 85.7%, moderate and severe only account for a small proportion of 10.7% and 3.6%, mainly in severe illness areas. 78.6%, less in the recovery area with 21.4%. Patients with increased PAP showed a high white blood cell count of 16.21 ± 7.19 K/µL, a high D-Dimer 4508 ± 7208 ng/mL, a high Ferritin 1163 ± 738 ng/mL, a high CRP of 111.4 ± 77.9 ng/mL compared with the group without increased PAP. Conclusion: Echocardiography is a simple and quick modality to detect, monitor and evaluate pulmonary hypertension during the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Key words: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Pulmonary arterial pressure.


2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mete Gursoy ◽  
Ece Salihoglu ◽  
Ali Can Hatemi ◽  
A. Faruk Hokenek ◽  
Suleyman Ozkan ◽  
...  

<strong>Background:</strong> Increased blood flow may trigger pulmonary arterial wall inflammation, which may influence progression of pulmonary artery hypertension in patients with congenital heart disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between preoperative inflammation markers and pulmonary arterial hypertension. <br /><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 201 patients with pulmonary hypertension were enrolled in this study retrospectively; they had undergone open heart surgery between January 2012 and December 2013. Patients’ preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, red blood cell distribution width, pulmonary pressures, and postoperative outcomes were evaluated.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Patient age, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, red blood cell distribution width, and CRP were found to be significantly correlated with both preoperative peak and mean pulmonary artery pressures. These data were entered into a linear logistic regression analysis. Patient age, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and CRP were found to be independently correlated with peak pulmonary pressure (P &lt; .001, P &lt; .001, and P = .004) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (P &lt; .001, P &lt; .001, and P = .001), whereas preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure was found to be independently correlated with intensive care unit stay (P &lt; .001). No parameter was found to be significantly correlated with extubation time and mortality. Eighteen patients had experienced pulmonary hypertensive crisis; in this subgroup, patients’ mean pulmonary artery pressure and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were found to be significant (P = .047, P = .003). <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Preoperative inflammation markers may be correlated with the progression of pulmonary hypertensive disease, but further studies with larger sample size are needed to determine the predictive role of these markers for postoperative outcomes.<br /><br />


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
KIRILL Malikov ◽  
MARINA Kirichkova ◽  
MARIA Simakova ◽  
NARECK Marukyan ◽  
OLGA Moiseeva

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) leads to a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) with the development of severe dysfunction of the right heart and heart failure. Mortality for three years with an average pressure in the pulmonary artery (PA) of more than 50 mmHg is more than 90%. Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) has a significant advantage over other methods of surgical treatment, but it requires the determination of additional non-invasive markers of effectiveness. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) remains the main method for assessing the morphology and function of the heart. Purpose Compare different indicators reflecting the severity of CTEPH with TTE indicators before and after BPA. To evaluate the effectiveness of using BPA for the treatment of patients with CTEPH using routine TTE and speckle tracking mode. Materials and methods For 18 months 30 patients without concomitant cardiovascular pathology were subjected to several BPA sessions. Before treatment, 50% of patients belonged to the 3 CTEPH functional class (FC), 40% to 2 FC, 10% to 1 FC. The average number of sessions was 4.7 ± 1.3. Before the first BPA and after the last, all the patients were performed: six-minute walk test (6MWT, metres), Borg scale (in points), test for NT-proBNP (pg/ml); TTE with assessment of the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) including areas of the right atrium (aRA, cm2), mean pulmonary artery pressure (PUPM,mmHg),RV free wall strain (GLSFW, %), RV free wall strain rate (GLSRFW, sm/sec), RV free wall postsystolic shortening (PSSFW, %), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE, sm), tricuspid annulus systolic velocity (TASV, sm/sec). Results. Before the first BPA session, the 6MWT in the patient group averaged 315.9 ± 9.08 metres, after - 439.5 ± 11.45 m; the Borg from 5.4 ± 0.94 points decreased to 4 ± 1.01 points; NT-proBNP before the treatment was 1513 ± 13.01 pg/ml, after - 171 ± 6.09; according to TTE the ratio of RV/ LV before and after treatment was 1.31 ± 0.02 and 0.97 ± 0.04; aRA was 29.3 ± 4.87 and 22.3 ± 3.53 cm2; basal RV - 52 ± 5.11 and 44 ± 7.26 mm; PUPM decreased from 76.6 ± 7.65 to 31.3 ± 3.78 mmHg; GLSFW from -14.69 ± 2.33 came to 17.5 ± 3.45 %; GLSRFW with -0.9 ± 0.09 to -1.7 ± 0.11 cm/sec; TAPSE from 16.7 ± 1.87 to 18.2 ± 2.34 cm; TASV from 10.11 ± 1.45 to 12.25 ± 1.98 cm/s, PSSFW before treatment was -18.4 ± 1.2%, after treatment in 66% of patients disappeared, in 34% became an average of 17.4 ± 0.9% The distribution of STEPH FC has also changed. Conclusion. BPA leads to an improvement in the tolerance of physical activity, clinical indicators, and parameters of central hemodynamics in the pulmonary circulation, evaluated according to direct manometry, and leads to reverse remodeling of the RV in the long term. Performing a staged BPA leads to an improvement in the functional parameters of contractility of the RV.


1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 474-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Shinners ◽  
MO Pease

OBJECTIVE: To compare hemodynamic measurements made before turning and at 5 and 30 minutes after turning, and to determine whether the stabilization period affects the difference between supine and side-lying pulmonary artery pressures. METHODS: This study was performed in the cardiothoracic surgical intensive care unit of a midwestern university hospital. The 31 postoperative open-heart surgical patients, 26 men and 5 women aged 41 to 76 years (64 +/- 9.3, mean +/- SD) with pulmonary artery catheters in place, were divided into two groups to compare supine to side-lying pressures and the time intervals between the position changes. The supine-first subjects (Group A) were placed in the supine position for baseline measurements and turned to either the right or left side-lying position for the 5- and 30-minute pulmonary artery pressure measurements. The side-first subjects (Group B) were placed in either the right or left side-lying position for baseline measurements and then in the supine position for the 5- and 30-minute pulmonary artery pressure measurements. RESULTS: Pulmonary artery pressures, heart rate and arterial pressure were not significantly different at 5 and 30 minutes. Supine pulmonary artery pressures in Group A were not significantly different from supine pressures in Group B. Side-lying pulmonary artery pressures in Group A were not significantly different from side-lying pressures in Group B. Side-lying vs supine pulmonary artery pressures were significantly different in both Group A and Group B. CONCLUSION: The current practice of turning and settling the patient, zeroing the transducer and proceeding to make the pulmonary artery pressure readings appears to be valid. The stabilization period after turning does not explain the differences found between side-lying and supine pulmonary artery pressures.


1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (6) ◽  
pp. 1314-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benson R. Wilcox ◽  
W. Gerald Austen ◽  
Harvey W. Bender

The mechanism by which the pulmonary artery pressure rises in response to hypoxia has never been clearly demonstrated. This problem was reinvestigated in experiments utilizing separate pulmonary and systemic perfusion systems. These vascular beds were perfused in such a fashion that a change in pulmonary artery pressure could only result from changes in vasomotor tone. Alveolar-pulmonary vein hypoxia was usually associated with a slight fall in pulmonary artery pressure. Systemic hypoxia resulted in elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure in 10 of the 12 animals tested with a constant-flow and constant-pulmonary venous pressure. In addition, all animals with systemic desaturation showed an increased venous return. When the "cardiac output" (pump output) was increased to match this return, the elevation in pulmonary artery pressure increased. It was concluded that the pulmonary arterial pressure elevation seen with hypoxia is the result of active pulmonary vasoconstriction coupled with an increased pulmonary blood flow.


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