scholarly journals NEUROCOGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN HIV/AIDS: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-436
Author(s):  
Linlin Lindayani ◽  
Anastasia Anna ◽  
Nai-Ying Ko
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV-associated with neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is a major interest issues worldwide, as results from introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) and increasing life expectancy. However, previous studies have been limited by lack of a guiding framework. The purpose of this review was to provide a conceptual framework to guide studies of neurocognitive impairment in patients with HIV/AIDS. A literature search was conducted of articles published from 1998 through December 2015 using the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Ebscohost databases on evaluating the problem of neurocognitive impairment in HIV. This search resulted in a total of 36 articles. Evidence has indicated that there are neurobiological changes and brain abnormalities among people living with HIV/AID, which may affect cognitive functioning. Being infected by HIV and increased age are independently factors on HAND. However, there is remaining unclear the effect of HAART, is protective factors or risk factors of HAND and its consequence on quality of life among patients with HIV/AIDS. Considering the major issues in above, patient with HIV/AIDS is vulnerable population for developing HAND that might have been resulted to under report. Future studies focusses on exploring HAND is necessary especially from low income countries where the accessibility to HAART are limited.

scholarly journals Assessment of ART knowledge and adherence to ARVs among PLWHA accessing care in two Nigerian Military HIV/AIDS Treatment sites

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
David Ufuoma Adje ◽  
Felicia Esemekiphorar Williams ◽  
Chukwuka Nicholas Bezugbe ◽  
Dauda Audi Dangiwa
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Busy Schedule ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background:       Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is critical in achieving treatment goals, avoiding antimicrobial resistance, preventing treatment failure and improving the patient’s quality of life. Objectives: To assess the knowledge of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and adherence to antiretroviral (ARVs) medicines amongst People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) accessing care in two Nigerian Military HIV/AIDS Treatment sites. Methods: Four hundred patients on HAART who visited the study sites during the study period were recruited for the study using systematic random sampling method. A semi-structured, pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain demographic details. Patients’ knowledge of HIV was assessed using an 8-item questionnaire while adherence was measured using the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ). Results: The predominant age group was 31-40 years (46.4%). There were more females (69%) than males (31%). Only 45.5% answered knowledge questions correctly. The adherence level in this study was 64.0%. The major reasons cited for non-adherence included being away from home (23.6%), forgetfulness (17.1%), busy schedule (14%), need to conceal medication (12.7%) and feeling better (11.6%). Conclusion: Patients’ knowledge of ART and adherence to ARVs medicines were sub-optimal. Appropriate strategies to improve patients’ knowledge of ART and adherence to ARVs are recommended.

scholarly journals Predictors of immunodeficiency-related death in a cohort of low-income people living with HIV: a competing risks survival analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 914-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. P. M. ALBUQUERQUE ◽  
D. N. ALVES ◽  
C. C. BRESANI SALVI ◽  
J. D. L. BATISTA ◽  
R. A. A. XIMENES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Competing Risks ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Living With Hiv

SUMMARYWe conducted a survival analysis with competing risks to estimate the mortality rate and predictive factors for immunodeficiency-related death in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) in northeast Brazil. A cohort with 2372 PLWH was enrolled between July 2007 and June 2010 and monitored until 31 December 2012 at two healthcare centres. The event of interest was immunodeficiency-related death, which was defined based on the Coding Causes of Death in HIV Protocol (CoDe). The predictor variables were: sociodemographic characteristics, illicit drugs, tobacco, alcohol, nutritional status, antiretroviral therapy, anaemia and CD4 cell count at baseline; and treatment or chemoprophylaxis for tuberculosis (TB) during follow-up. We used Fine & Gray's model for the survival analyses with competing risks, since we had regarded immunodeficiency-unrelated deaths as a competing event, and we estimated the adjusted sub-distribution hazard ratios (SHRs). In 10 012·6 person-years of observation there were 3·1 deaths/100 person-years (2·3 immunodeficiency-related and 0·8 immunodeficiency-unrelated). TB (SHR 4·01), anaemia (SHR 3·58), CD4 <200 cells/mm3(SHR 3·33) and being unemployed (SHR 1·56) were risk factors for immunodeficiency-related death. This study discloses a 13% coverage by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in our state and adds that anaemia at baseline or the incidence of TB may increase the specific risk of dying from HIV-immunodeficiency, regardless of HAART and CD4.

Moving Beyond Biomedical Understanding of Lipodystrophy in People Living With HIV/AIDS

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-240
Author(s):  
Marilou Gagnon ◽  
Dave Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

The purpose of this article is to move beyond the biomedical standpoint in the field of HIV/AIDS in order to contribute to the recognition of lipodystrophy as a phenomenon that reaches far beyond its current definition as an unfortunate side effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This article hopes to demonstrate how theory, while remote to the clinical setting, can allow nurses to understand the experience of lipodystrophy as a social phenomenon and address it likewise in their practice. The specific aim of this article is to apply the concept of stigma to the experience of lipodystrophy in people living with HIV/AIDS. The objective of this theoretical piece is to fill the gaps in the way nurses address lipodystrophy in the clinical setting and to demonstrate the richness of Goffman’s concept of stigma (1963) in understanding the experience of lipodystrophy.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV-AIDS [PLHA] ON FIRST LINE HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY [HAART] WITH IMMUNOLOGICAL FAILURE

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (56) ◽  
pp. 3872-3876
Author(s):  
Natarajan Kandasamy ◽  
Vijayanand Radhakrishnan ◽  
Ashokkumar Subramanian ◽  
Ravichandran Narayanan ◽  
Mohamed Kalifa Adbul Muthalif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
First Line ◽  
Immunological Failure ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Nutritional status of HIV-positive individuals on free HAART treatment in a developing nation

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 745-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Nnamdi Obi ◽  
Ngozi Appolonia Ifebunandu ◽  
Azubuike K Onyebuchi
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Inadequate Dietary Intake

Introduction: HIV positive individuals are prone to malnutrition due to inadequate dietary intake. Additionally, in low-income countries, including Nigeria, stigmatization and discrimination result in a lack of support for HIV-positive individuals ultimately contributing to even further reduced food availability and inadequate dietary intake. This study aimed to determine the nutrirional status of HIV-positive individuals on free, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Abakaliki, southeast Nigeria. Methodology: Subjective global assessment (SGA) technique was used to survey the nutritional status of 120 HIV-positive individuals and a control group over a one-year period. Results: All the HIV-positive individuals and their control group were physically active, with a third of them belonging to the lower socioeconomic status. There were significantly more malnourished individuals among the HIV-positive group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Malnutrition is common among HIV-positive patients in southeast Nigeria.  

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