Deficits in Visual Processing During Hypoxia as Evidenced by Visual Mismatch Negativity

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 326-332
Author(s):  
Kara J. Blacker ◽  
Todd R. Seech ◽  
Matthew E. Funke ◽  
Micah J. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Visual Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Related Potentials

INTRODUCTION: Hypoxia is an ever-present threat in tactical aviation and gained recent attention due to its putative role in physiological episodes. Previous work has demonstrated that hypoxia negatively impacts a variety of sensory, cognitive, and motor systems. In particular, the visual system is one of the earliest systems affected by hypoxia. While the majority of previous studies have relied on self-report and behavioral testing, the use of event-related potentials as a novel tool to monitor responses to low oxygen in humans has recently been investigated. Specifically, ERP components that are evoked passively in response to unattended changes in background sensory stimulation have been explored.METHOD: Subjects (N 28) completed a continuous visuomotor tracking task while EEG was recorded. During the tracking task, a series of standard color checkerboard patterns were presented in the periphery while occasionally a deviant color checkerboard was presented. The visual mismatch negativity (MMN) component was assessed in response to the deviant compared to the standard stimuli. Subjects completed two sessions in counterbalanced order that only differed by the oxygen concentration breathed (10.6% vs. 20.4%).RESULTS: Results demonstrated a significant reduction in the amplitude of the visual MMN under hypoxic compared to normoxic conditions, showing a 50% reduction in amplitude during hypoxia. Our results suggest that during low-oxygen exposure the ability to detect environmental changes and process sensory information is impaired.DISCUSSION: The visual MMN may represent an early and reliable predictor of sensory and cognitive deficits during hypoxia exposure, which may be of great use to the aviation community.Blacker KJ, Seech TR, Funke ME, Kinney MJ. Deficits in visual processing during hypoxia as evidenced by visual mismatch negativity. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(5):326332.

scholarly journals Older Adults Automatically Detect Age of Older Adults’ Photographs: A Visual Mismatch Negativity Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Csizmadia ◽  
Bela Petro ◽  
Petia Kojouharova ◽  
Zsófia Anna Gaál ◽  
Katalin Scheiling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Regular Sequence ◽  
Bias Effect ◽  
Visual Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
And Gender

The human face is one of the most frequently used stimuli in vMMN (visual mismatch negativity) research. Previous studies showed that vMMN is sensitive to facial emotions and gender, but investigations of age-related vMMN differences are relatively rare. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the models’ age in photographs were automatically detected, even if the photographs were not parts of the ongoing task. Furthermore, we investigated age-related differences, and the possibility of different sensitivity to photographs of participants’ own versus different ages. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) to faces of young and old models in younger (N = 20; 18–30 years) and older groups (N = 20; 60–75 years). The faces appeared around the location of the field of a tracking task. In sequences the young or the old faces were either frequent (standards) or infrequent (deviants). According to the results, a regular sequence of models’ age is automatically registered, and faces violating the models’ age elicited the vMMN component. However, in this study vMMN emerged only in the older group to same-age deviants. This finding is explained by the less effective inhibition of irrelevant stimuli in the elderly, and corresponds to own-age bias effect of recognition studies.

scholarly journals Sex and Physiological Cycles Affect the Automatic Perception of Attractive Opposite-Sex Faces: A Visual Mismatch Negativity Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 147470491881214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Hailing Wang ◽  
Qingke Guo
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Visual Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Ovulatory Period ◽  
Attractive Female

Facial attractiveness plays important roles in social interaction. Electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies found several brain areas to be differentially responsive to attractive relative to unattractive faces. However, little is known about the time course of the information processing, especially under the unattended condition. Based on a “cross-modal delayed response” paradigm, the present study aimed to explore the automatic mechanism of facial attractiveness processing of females with different physiological cycles and males, respectively, through recording the event-related potentials in response to (un)attractive opposite-sex faces by two experiments. The attractiveness-related visual mismatch negativity (attractiveness vMMN) in posterior scalp distribution was recorded in both the experiments, which indicated that attractive faces could be processed automatically. And high-attractive opposite-sex faces can elicit larger vMMN in males than females in menstrual period in Study 1, but similar as females in ovulatory period in Study 2. Furthermore, by comparison, the latency of attractiveness vMMN in females with the ovulatory period was the longest. These results indicated as follows: (1) Males were more sensitive to attractive female faces, (2) females in ovulatory period were also attracted by the attractive male faces, (3) the long vMMN latency in females during ovulatory period suggested a special reproductive motivation to avoid being tainted by genes, which takes priority over the breeding motivation.

scholarly journals Automatic detection of peripheral stimuli in shooters and handball players: an event-related potential study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bela Petro ◽  
Ágota Lénárt ◽  
Zsófia Anna Gaál ◽  
Petia Kojouharova ◽  
Tibor Kökény ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Automatic Detection ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Task Irrelevant

AbstractThis study examined the practice-related sensitivity of automatic change detection. The visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) component of event-related potentials was compared in handball players and in sport shooters. Whereas effective performance in handball requires processing of a wide visual field, effective performance in shooting requires concentration to a narrow field. Thus, we hypothesized larger sensitivity to peripheral stimuli violating the regularity of sequential stimulation in handball players. Participants performed a tracking task, while task-irrelevant checkerboard patterns (a frequent and an infrequent type) were presented in the lateral parts of the visual field. We analyzed the vMMN, a signature of automatic detection of violating sequential regularity, and sensory components (P1, N1, and P2). We obtained larger vMMN in the handball players’ group indicating larger sensitivity to peripheral stimuli. These results suggest the plasticity of the automatic visual processing, i.e., it can adapt to sport-specific demands, and this can be captured even in a short experimental session in the laboratory.

Effects of Experimentally Induced Pain on Mismatch Negativity

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Dick ◽  
John F. Connolly ◽  
Michael E. Houlihan ◽  
Patrick J. McGrath ◽  
G. Allen Finley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Disruptive Effect ◽  
Ischemic Pain ◽  
Active Attention ◽  
Early Processing ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Abstract: Previous research has found that pain can exert a disruptive effect on cognitive processing. This experiment was conducted to extend previous research with participants with chronic pain. This report examines pain's effects on early processing of auditory stimulus differences using the Mismatch Negativity (MMN) in healthy participants while they experienced experimentally induced pain. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded using target and standard tones whose pitch differences were easy- or difficult-to-detect in conditions where participants attended to (active attention) or ignored (passive attention) the stimuli. Both attention manipulations were conducted in no pain and pain conditions. Experimentally induced ischemic pain did not disrupt the MMN. However, MMN amplitudes were larger to difficult-to-detect deviant tones during painful stimulation when they were attended than when they were ignored. Also, MMN amplitudes were larger to the difficult- than to the easy-to-detect tones in the active attention condition regardless of pain condition. It appears that rather than exerting a disruptive effect, the presence of experimentally induced pain enhanced early processing of small stimulus differences in these healthy participants.

Human Event-Related Potentials to Higher-Order Acoustic Spatial Changes

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Ruusuvirta ◽  
Heikki Hämäläinen
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Positive Polarity ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Human Event

Abstract Human event-related potentials (ERPs) to a tone continuously alternating between its two spatial loci of origin (middle-standards, left-standards), to repetitions of left-standards (oddball-deviants), and to the tones originally representing these repetitions presented alone (alone-deviants) were recorded in free-field conditions. During the recordings (Fz, Cz, Pz, M1, and M2 referenced to nose), the subjects watched a silent movie. Oddball-deviants elicited a spatially diffuse two-peaked deflection of positive polarity. It differed from a deflection elicited by left-standards and commenced earlier than a prominent deflection of negative polarity (N1) elicited by alone-deviants. The results are discussed in the context of the mismatch negativity (MMN) and previous findings of dissociation between spatial and non-spatial information in auditory working memory.

scholarly journals Logatome Discrimination in Cochlear Implant Users: Subjective Tests Compared to the Mismatch Negativity

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Rahne ◽  
Michael Ziese ◽  
Dorothea Rostalski ◽  
Roland Mühler
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Discrimination Test ◽  
Speech Database ◽  
Automated Speech Recognition ◽  
Related Potentials

This paper describes a logatome discrimination test for the assessment of speech perception in cochlear implant users (CI users), based on a multilingual speech database, the Oldenburg Logatome Corpus, which was originally recorded for the comparison of human and automated speech recognition. The logatome discrimination task is based on the presentation of 100 logatome pairs (i.e., nonsense syllables) with balanced representations of alternating “vowel-replacement” and “consonant-replacement” paradigms in order to assess phoneme confusions. Thirteen adult normal hearing listeners and eight adult CI users, including both good and poor performers, were included in the study and completed the test after their speech intelligibility abilities were evaluated with an established sentence test in noise. Furthermore, the discrimination abilities were measured electrophysiologically by recording the mismatch negativity (MMN) as a component of auditory event-related potentials. The results show a clear MMN response only for normal hearing listeners and CI users with good performance, correlating with their logatome discrimination abilities. Higher discrimination scores for vowel-replacement paradigms than for the consonant-replacement paradigms were found. We conclude that the logatome discrimination test is well suited to monitor the speech perception skills of CI users. Due to the large number of available spoken logatome items, the Oldenburg Logatome Corpus appears to provide a useful and powerful basis for further development of speech perception tests for CI users.

scholarly journals Expect the unexpected: Processing of sensory information in the anticipation of predictable and unpredictable threats

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-115
Author(s):  
Eva Koderman
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Information ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Unpleasant Picture ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Attentional Engagement ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Threat Of Shock

Abstract Anxiety is characterized by a sustained state of heightened vigilance due to uncertain danger, producing increased attention to a perceived threat in one's environment. To further examine this exploited the temporal resolution afforded by event-related potentials to investigate the impact of predictability of threat on early perceptual activity. We recruited 28 participants and utilized a within-subject design to examine hypervigilance in anticipation of shock, unpleasant picture and unpleasant sound during a task with unpredictable, predictable and no threat. We investigated if habituation to stimuli was present by asking the participants to rate unpleasantness and intensity of the stimuli before and after the experiment. We observed hypervigilance in the unpredictable threat of shock. Habituation was observed for the visual stimuli. The present study suggests that unpredictability enhances attentional engagement with neutral somatosensory stimuli when the threat is of the same modality, meaning we observed the presence of hypervigilance which is a characteristic of anxiety.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document