The efficacy of food additives. Part 2. Comparison between the effects of sodium chlorite and sodium hypochlorite on the freshness of fish and vegetable.

AbstractIn the late 1990s, it was demonstrated that reliable radiocarbon dates could be obtained directly from cremated bone. Many 14C laboratories have since used a protocol for pretreating cremated (calcined) bones that consists of consecutive treatments with bleach and acetic acid to remove organic matter and extraneous or diagenetic carbonate, respectively. In most instances, the bleach used is sodium hypochlorite, although in recent years the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU) has used acidified sodium chlorite instead. However, properly calcined (white) bones should not contain any organic material; hence, the bleach treatment is potentially unnecessary. This article describes studies investigating the effectiveness of bleach (and the specific bleach used) during pretreatment of calcined bone, and demonstrates that 14C dates on six cremated bone samples are statistically indistinguishable whether or not the initial bleach step is applied.

Download Full-text

Effects of sodium hypochlorite and acidified sodium chlorite on the morphological, microbiological, and sensory qualities of selected vegetables

Food Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s10068-011-0106-6 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 759-766 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kyung Yoon Kwon ◽

Kyung Ah Kang ◽

Ki Sun Yoon

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Sodium Chlorite ◽

Sensory Qualities

Download Full-text

An Evaluation of Historical Bleaching with Chlorine Dioxide Gas, Sodium Hypochlorite, and Chloramine-T at the Fogg Art Museum

Restaurator International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material ◽

10.1515/res-2012-0012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (3-4) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Theresa Smith

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Formic Acid ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Chlorine Dioxide ◽

Art Museum ◽

Sodium Chlorite ◽

Chlorine Dioxide Gas ◽

Brightness Reversion ◽

Chloramine T

AbstractIn the mid-twentieth century, drawings by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres at the Fogg Art Museum were treated with chemical bleaches such as chlorine dioxide gas, sodium hypochlorite, and chloramine-T. Fifty years later, the darkened condition of the drawings was attributed to bleaching with chlorine dioxide gas. This paper discusses the three methods developed by Rutherford John Gettens to generate chlorine dioxide gas from sodium chlorite, formaldehyde and formic acid, examines the use of these bleaching methods to treat Ingres drawings at the Fogg, and discusses the sodium hypochlorite and chloramine-T bleaching methods also in use at the time. The treatments of two Ingres drawings are compared and evaluated in light of later bleaching studies and the current condition of each drawing. All of these historical bleaching methods, as practiced on the works studied, contributed to the darkening and colour/brightness reversion of drawings.

Download Full-text

A Study on Damage to PLA Knitted Fabrics During Scouring and Bleaching

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology ◽

10.2478/pjct-2014-0049 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 45-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gulzar A. Baig ◽

Chris M. Carr

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Polymer Structure ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Sodium Chlorite ◽

Knitted Fabric ◽

Fiber Structure ◽

Knitted Fabrics ◽

High Alkali

Abstract Ingeo® PLA (polylactic acid) knitted fabric was scoured through an exhaust technique. The scouring was carried out with sodium carbonate in the presence of a detergent at various concentrations and temperatures. The scoured fabric was bleached with various oxidative bleaching agents. Bleaching was carried out with hydrogen peroxide, sodium chlorite and sodium hypochlorite. Hydrogen peroxide was applied by exhaust and cold pad batch (CPB) techniques. It was observed that during scouring PLA fabric was degraded at high alkali concentrations and processing temperatures. The scouring temperature above 60ºC proved to be deleterious due to the scouring solution penetrating into the polymer structure and damaged the fiber. Sodium chlorite and sodium hypochlorite caused little damage to the mechanical properties of PLA. Hydrogen peroxide when applied by the CPB technique did not reduce strength appreciably but when applied by the exhaust technique decreased the strength significantly. SEM analysis revealed that hydrogen peroxide caused holes and slit formation in the fiber structure.

Download Full-text