Turbulent Dispersion Simulation of Radioactive Aerosol Applied to the Infrastructure of the NPP-2006 Industrial Site

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-364
Author(s):  
V. I. Orlovskaya ◽  
A. G. Trifonov
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Turbulent Dispersion ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Radioactive Aerosol ◽  
Industrial Site ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Emergency Actions ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Sources ◽  
Thermal Sources

The goal of this work is to simulate the processes of transport and deposition of aerosol particles in a turbulent flow, taking into account the infrastructure of the industrial site of the NPP. The developed model for calculating the dynamics of the spread of the pollutant emissions in emergency situations is presented, the limits of applicability of turbulence models are determined and the main mechanical and thermal sources of turbulence in the NPP infrastructure are analyzed. The mechanisms of radioactive substances deposition for emergency situations have been assessed taking into account turbulent effects. According to the results of the numerical modeling, the zones of predominant deposition of radioactive aerosols on the characteristic surfaces of the NPP infrastructure have been determined, which is the basis for emergency actions planning and assessment of the personnel doses.

scholarly journals An experiment to measure raindrop collection efficiencies: influence of rear capture

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1321-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Quérel ◽  
P. Lemaitre ◽  
M. Monier ◽  
E. Porcheron ◽  
A. I. Flossmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Aerosol Particle ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Radioactive Aerosol ◽  
Microphysical Parameter ◽  
Particle Collection ◽  
Modelling Studies

Abstract. In the case of severe accident with loss of containment in a nuclear plant, radionuclides are released into the atmosphere in the form of both gases and aerosol particles (Baklanov and Sørensen, 2001). The analysis of radioactive aerosol scavenged by rain after the Chernobyl accident highlights certain differences between the modelling studies and the environmental measurements. Part of these discrepancies can probably be attributed to uncertainties in the efficiencies used to calculate aerosol particle collection by raindrops, particularly drops with a diameter larger than one millimetre. In order to address the issue of these uncertainties, an experimental study was performed to close the gaps still existing for this key microphysical parameter. In this paper, attention is first focused on the efficiency with which aerosol particles in the accumulation mode are collected by raindrops with a diameter of 2 mm. The collection efficiencies measured for aerosol particle in the sub-micron range are quantitatively consistent with previous theoretical model developed by Beard (1974) and thus highlight the major role of rear capture in the submicron range.

MICROMETER-SIZED SHORT-LIVED RADIOACTIVE AEROSOL PARTICLES FOR CONVENIENT USE IN LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Huang ◽  
S. D. Schery ◽  
R. E. Alcantara ◽  
N. V. Dale ◽  
J. C. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Radioactive Aerosol ◽  
Laboratory Measurements

Interaction due to Mechanical and Thermal Sources in Thermoelastic Half-Space with Voids

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajneesh Kumar ◽  
Leena Rani
Keyword(s):  
Half Space ◽  
Normal Force ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Thermal Source ◽  
Physical Domain ◽  
Coupled Thermoelasticity ◽  
Time Harmonic ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Sources ◽  
Thermal Sources

The dynamic response of a homogeneous, isotropic, thermoelastic half-space with voids subjected to time harmonic normal force and thermal source is investigated by applying the Fourier transform. The displacements, stresses, temperature distribution, and change in volume fraction field obtained in the physical domain are computed numerically and illustrated graphically. The numerical results of these quantities for magnesium crystal-like material are illustrated to depict the voids effect for the theory of coupled thermoelasticity and uncoupled thermoelasticity for an insulated boundary and temperature gradient boundary.

Numerical Modeling of Aerosol Transport and Removal in Channels Using the Particle Tracking Method

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. M. Wu ◽  
S. M. Ghiaasiaan ◽  
S. I. Abdel-Khalik
Keyword(s):  
Particle Tracking ◽  
Turbulent Transport ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Turbulent Dispersion ◽  
Aerosol Transport ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
Particle Tracking Method ◽  
Numerical Solution Methods ◽  
Micro Channels

Abstract Turbulent transport and deposition of microscopic particles in commonly-used large, and micro-channels were investigated. The objective was to examine the suitability of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)-type turbulence models, along with a Monte-Carlo Lagrangian particle tracking method that accounts for the stochastic particle-turbulent eddy interactions, for the modeling of aerosol transport when a multitude of forces act on the particles. The computer program KIVA-3 (Amsden et al., 1993) was modified and enhanced by adding several turbulence models, and including appropriate models for the effect of the following mechanisms on particle motion: drag, gravity, thermophoresis, Brownian dispersion, and shear-induced (Saffman) lift force. The effect of Brownian motion was modeled by including a random, white noise force term in the particle equation of motion. Parametric simulations were performed, leading to the following main observations. For the transport and deposition of microscopic particles, in addition to the turbulent dispersion, several other dispersion mechanisms were important. The k-ε and Reynolds-stress transport models provided similar predictions for sub-micron particles, but differed significantly for larger particles. The model provided physically consistent results with correct trends in all the simulations. The methodology, however, appears to be expensive in terms of computations, and further work is needed for streamlining the numerical solution methods and physical models.

Deformation due to various sources in a fibre-reinforced anisotropic generalized thermoelastic medium

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajneesh Kumar ◽  
Raj Rani Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Plane Surface ◽  
Thermal Relaxation ◽  
Numerical Inversion ◽  
Physical Domain ◽  
Thermoelastic Medium ◽  
Generalized Thermoelastic ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Sources ◽  
Close Form ◽  
Thermal Sources

The present investigation is concerned with the deformation of a fibre-reinforced, anisotropic, generalized thermoelastic medium subjected to mechanical and thermal sources acting on the plane surface. Close-form solutions for stresses and temperature distribution are derived using Laplace transforms for time and Fourier transforms for space. As an application of the approach concentrated, uniformly distributed, and linearly distributed sources are taken. A numerical inversion technique is applied to obtain the solution in the physical domain. Effects of anisotropy and thermal relaxation are shown graphically on the resulting quantities.

A Functional Needs Approach to Emergency Planning

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Zod ◽  
Robin Fick-Osborne ◽  
Eleanor B. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Emergency Planning ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Response Measures ◽  
Emergency Actions ◽  
New Guidelines

AbstractObjectiveThis study was conducted to test the ability of the St Louis County Department of Health to efficiently dispense medication to individuals with functional needs during a public health emergency and develop new guidelines for future emergency planning. Historically, people with functional needs have been vulnerable in emergency situations, and emergency planners are responsible for creating equal access for mass prophylaxis events.MethodsMeasures to create access for individuals with functional needs were tested in a countywide exercise in which 40 volunteers with functional needs walked through an open point of dispensing location to collect medication as if it were a real emergency. Actions were informed by representatives from the functional needs community in the St Louis area.ResultsDuring the exercise, medications were successfully dispensed to all participants. Many participants offered feedback for future program design.ConclusionsOutcomes indicated the importance of working closely with the community organizations that serve people with functional needs in designing appropriate response measures, providing sensitivity training to staff members, employing useful technology, and using visual and verbal cues. The lessons learned from this exercise apply to emergency planning nationwide, as planning efforts for persons with functional needs still lag significantly.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1–9)

scholarly journals Size Measurement of Radioactive Aerosol Particles in Intense Radiation Fields Using Wire Screens and Imaging Plates

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Oki ◽  
Toru Tanaka ◽  
Koichi Takamiya ◽  
Naoyuki Osada ◽  
Shinnosuke Nitta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Radioactive Aerosol ◽  
Size Measurement ◽  
Radiation Fields ◽  
Imaging Plates ◽  
Intense Radiation
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