scholarly journals An experiment to measure raindrop collection efficiencies: influence of rear capture

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1321-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Quérel ◽  
P. Lemaitre ◽  
M. Monier ◽  
E. Porcheron ◽  
A. I. Flossmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Aerosol Particle ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Radioactive Aerosol ◽  
Microphysical Parameter ◽  
Particle Collection ◽  
Modelling Studies

Abstract. In the case of severe accident with loss of containment in a nuclear plant, radionuclides are released into the atmosphere in the form of both gases and aerosol particles (Baklanov and Sørensen, 2001). The analysis of radioactive aerosol scavenged by rain after the Chernobyl accident highlights certain differences between the modelling studies and the environmental measurements. Part of these discrepancies can probably be attributed to uncertainties in the efficiencies used to calculate aerosol particle collection by raindrops, particularly drops with a diameter larger than one millimetre. In order to address the issue of these uncertainties, an experimental study was performed to close the gaps still existing for this key microphysical parameter. In this paper, attention is first focused on the efficiency with which aerosol particles in the accumulation mode are collected by raindrops with a diameter of 2 mm. The collection efficiencies measured for aerosol particle in the sub-micron range are quantitatively consistent with previous theoretical model developed by Beard (1974) and thus highlight the major role of rear capture in the submicron range.

scholarly journals An experiment to measure raindrop collection efficiencies: influence of rear capture

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 509-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Quérel ◽  
P. Lemaitre ◽  
M. Monier ◽  
E. Porcheron ◽  
A. I. Flossmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Aerosol Particle ◽  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Radioactive Aerosol ◽  
Microphysical Parameter ◽  
Particle Collection ◽  
Modelling Studies

Abstract. The analysis of radioactive aerosol scavenged by rain after the Chernobyl accident highlights certain differences between the modelling studies and the environmental measurements. Part of these discrepancies can probably be attributed to uncertainties in the efficiencies used to calculate aerosol particle collection by raindrops, particularly drops with a diameter larger than one millimetre. In order to improve the issue of these uncertainties, an experimental study was performed to close the gaps still existing for this key microphysical parameter. In the present article, attention is first focused on the efficiency with which aerosol particles, in the accumulation mode are collected by raindrops with a diameter of 2 mm. The collections efficiencies measured for aerosol particle in the sub-micron range are quantitatively consistent with previous theoretical model developed by Beard (1974) and thus highlight the major role of rear capture in the submicron range.

Study of Aerosol Scavenging by Rain in Case of a Radioactive Contamination of the Atmosphere

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Quérel ◽  
Pascal Lemaitre ◽  
Marie Monier ◽  
Emmanuel Porcheron ◽  
Andrea Flossmann
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Radioactive Aerosol ◽  
Single Drop ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Aerosol Scavenging ◽  
Scavenging Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

The analysis of the radioactive aerosol scavenging by rain after the Chernobyl accident highlights some differences between the modelling studies and the environmental measurements. Part of this gap is due to the uncertainties on the scavenging efficiency of aerosol particles by raindrops, in particular for drops with a diameter larger than one millimeter. The IRSN (Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire) has decided to launch an experimental study to measure with a better accuracy the scavenging efficiency of large raindrops. The scavenging efficiency of aerosol has been determined by measuring precisely the mass of aerosol particles collected by a single drop after its path through an atmosphere loaded with particles. The collection efficiencies for drop diameters of 2 mm and 2.6 mm (previously unknown for atmospheric aerosols) are measured. The impact of these new data on modeling of the washout of the atmosphere by the rain is noticed.

scholarly journals Influencer fit post vs celebrity fit post: which one engages Instagram users more?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Ahmadi ◽  
Siriwan Ieamsom
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marketing Campaign ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Highly Involved

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare the effects of the fit between two types of opinion leaders (influencer vs celebrity) and the products promoted in a fashion marketing campaign on user engagement (willingness to like and share the fit posts). Instagram involvement is examined as an applied moderator in the proposed theoretical model of this research. Methodology To test the hypotheses of the research, an experimental study was conducted. The sample was formed by female participants who were randomly assigned to one of the two conditions (fit of influencer–product vs fit of celebrity–product). Findings The results showed the superiority of the fit of influencer–product over the fit of celebrity–product on users’ engagement. It also indicates that highly involved Instagram users (vs lowly involved Instagram users) moderate the more prominent effect of the fit of influencer–product post on users‘ engagement. Practical implications The research helps brands to increase their knowledge of marketing campaigns formed through the fit of the opinion leaders with the products promoted. Value This research in addition to highlighting the role of users involved with Instagram contributes to a better understanding of the importance of promotional post fitting.

scholarly journals A computational methodology for estimation of aerosol retention in a sand-bed based filtering system for severe accident venting strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Delfina Cuevas-Vasquez ◽  
Eduardo Sainz-Mejia ◽  
Javier Ortiz-Villafuerte ◽  
Roberto Lopez-Solis
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Particle ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Computational Methodology ◽  
Lagrangian Tracking

A computational methodology to estimate the capacity of aerosol particle retention in a filter- ing system based on sand bed is described in this work. This methodology uses a combination of computational fluid dynamics and mechanistic models in the calculation procedure. The methodology is applied to venting actions during a severe accident in a BWR Mark II primary containment. The SALOME and OpenFoam platforms were used to generate the geometric and numerical models of a full scale model of a sand bed filtering system. The Eulerian/Lagrangian approach was used to determine the steady-state of a compressible turbulent flow through a porous media and to compute the aerosol particle transport, respectively. Collection efficiency was calculated by means of a mechanistic model based on the capture efficiency of a single grain. The obtained Eulerian results include velocity, pressure, and temperature fields inside the filtering systems. The Lagrangian tracking of aerosol particles showed that particles crossing the coarser sand tend to accumulate initially on the periphery of the filter. The parametric studies showed that mass-flows of up to 4.7 kgs?1 satisfy the constraint of 1.1 bar pressure drop across the sand depth. Additionally, the efficiency of 99.5 % of retention was determined for 1.0 ?m aerosol particles in the 0.6 mm sand grain zone, for a gas velocity m of ms?1.

Medic Interaction Modes and Hospitalized Children Health

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveed Shibli ◽  
Miss Shehrish Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Face Pain ◽  
Children Health ◽  
Face Pain Scale

<p></p><p>In the present experimental study different interaction ‘modes’ those took place between a psychologist and a child were tested for the role of these towards health recovery of the child? Following were the interaction modes, a) presenting a flower with smile plus inquiring about health, b) offering a blessing plus inquiring about health, c) making an indifferent presence plus inquiring about health with flat tone, d) inquiring about health with providing precautions about prognosis. It was assumed that all modes would differently influence health outcomes? 100 hospitalized children located in child wards of different hospitals with randomized pre-post block design interacted. One each from four interaction modes was used for a group of 25 participants each. Actual ward discharge was compared with anticipatory estimated by each ward in-charge to calculate effect of mode on outcome. Face Pain Scale, The Children Happiness Scale and a Demographic Sheet were also used. Results reflected ‘modes’ relationship with outcomes. More studies would clarify further.</p><br><p></p>

The influence of information relevance on the continued influence effect of misinformation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Jin ◽  
Lina Jia ◽  
Xiaojuan Yin ◽  
Shilin Wei ◽  
Guiping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Personal Involvement ◽  
Influence Effect ◽  
Information Relevance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Role Of Information

Misinformation often continues to influence people’s cognition even after corrected (the ‘continued influence effect of misinformation’, the CIEM). This study investigated the role of information relevance in the CIEM by questionnaire survey and experimental study. The results showed that information with higher relevance to the individuals had a larger CIEM, indicating a role of information relevance in the CIEM. Personal involvement might explain the effects of information relevance on the CIEM. This study provides insightful clues for reducing the CIEM in different types of misinformation and misinformation with varying relevance.

Breathing and its stimulatory responses in parkinsonism: repercussions for physiotherapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieczyslaw Pokorski
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Motor Impairments

This study addresses respiratory and motor impairments in an experimental reserpine-induced model of parkinsonism in rats. The role of chronic hypoxia due to diminished ventilation in the development and course of neurodegeneration is addressed. An attempt was made to distinguish between central and peripheral dopamine pathways in the mechanisms of neurodegeneration. A dissociation of putative mechanisms of respiratory and motor impairments is tackled as well. Although this purely experimental study cannot be directly extrapolated to human pathophysiology, the corollaries have been drawn concerning the potential repercussions of the respiratory and motor impairments for the physiotherapeutic procedures in the management of chronic neurodegeneration.

External Investigators' Follow-Up Intentions When Whistleblowers Report Healthcare Fraud: The Effects of Report Anonymity and Previous Confrontation

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Steven E. Kaplan ◽  
Danny Lanier ◽  
Kelly R. Pope ◽  
Janet A. Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Medical Provider ◽  
Perceived Credibility ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Critical Investigation

ABSTRACT Whistleblowing reports, if properly investigated, facilitate the early detection of fraud. Although critical, investigation-related decisions represent a relatively underexplored component of the whistleblowing process. Investigators are responsible for initially deciding whether to follow-up on reports alleging fraud. We report the results of an experimental study examining the follow-up intentions of highly experienced healthcare investigators. Participants, in the role of an insurance investigator, are asked to review a whistleblowing report alleging billing fraud occurring at a medical provider. Thus, participants are serving as external investigators. In a between-participant design, we manipulate the report type and whether the caller previously confronted the wrongdoer. We find that compared to an anonymous report, a non-anonymous report is perceived as more credible and follow-up intentions stronger. We also find that perceived credibility fully mediates the relationship between report type and follow-up intentions. Previous confrontation is not significantly associated with either perceived credibility or follow-up intentions. Data Availability: Data are available upon request.

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