scholarly journals ESTABLISHMENT OF OVERSOWN WHITE CLOVER ON UNIMPROVED NORTH AUCKLAND CLAY HILL COUNTRY

1967 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
G.J. Goold ◽  
T.E. Ludecke ◽  
J.N. Pari
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Available Phosphate

IN NORTH AUCKLAND, as is the case in all other areas of New Zealand, the key to pasture improvement lies in the introduction of legumes. Almost invariably poor pasture production is associated with poor clover growth. Contributing factors to poor clover establishment and growth are low amounts of available phosphate, potassium, molybdenum and sulphur, acid soil conditions and ineffective nodulation. This paper is concerned with the germination and establishment of white clover on unimproved North Auckland clay hill country. White clover establishment has been investigated on the soils of two northern yellow-brown earth soil suites, namely, the Marua suite from greywacke parent material and the Waiotira suite, from massive sandstone. These soils have been described by Taylor and Sutherland (1953) and are shown in their order of leaching in Tables 1 and 5, respectively.

scholarly journals FORMULATION OF A RATlONAL FERTILISER PROGRAMME IN TUSSOCK COUNTRY

1962 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
T.E. Ludecke
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Legume Production

New Zealand agriculture is primarily dependent on the growth of high-producing pastures which rely on legumes for their nitrogen supply. Legumes under favourable conditions are able to. fix large amounts of nitrogen through nodule bacteria attached to their roots. Nitrogen is supplied to grasses by underground transference after the needs of the host plant are satisfied, and is also provided from the urine and dung of grazing animals. Almost invariably, poor pasture growth in New Zealand is the result of low legume production. Contributing factors to this are a poor supply of available phosphorus, sulphur, molybdenum, and potassium, ineffective nodulation, and acid soil conditions.

scholarly journals Improved forages to enhance hill country sheep production

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 225-231
Author(s):  
T.J. Fraser ◽  
D.R. Stevens ◽  
R.W. Scholfield ◽  
B.J. Nelson ◽  
A.J. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Poor White ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Farm Programme ◽  
On Farm

Recently, sheep and beef farms in New Zealand have been out-competed for prime land by dairy and horticulture farming. This means that industry targets to increase sheep and beef production have to be achieved on farms with constraints on pasture production. They are increasingly restricted to hilly and other locations with variable climates and soils, and landscape constraints on farming practices. These challenges lead to the formation of two on farm projects within the Beef + Lamb New Zealand Demonstration Farm programme to improve production from permanent pastures on sheep and beef farms. The first of these was a 4 year evaluation at Whangara Farms North of Gisborne looking at improving forage supply on both noncultivatable hill and flat to easy country through spraying out existing vegetation and oversowing or direct-drilling with white clover and plantain. The second project at Aria in the King Country concentrated on improving the forage quality and quantity at critical times of the year. Clovers and plantain were established through cultivation. Both projects showed that forage and animal production increased after the introduction of clovers and plantain. However, plantain at Whangara did not persist beyond the fourth year from sowing. Poor white clover establishment at Aria resulted in substituting red and white clover for plantain from the second year with improved forage and animal performance. At both sites the costs associated with introducing new forages was repaid within the first 2 years. Keywords: hill country development, forage species, forage quality, whole farm systems

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF WHITE CLOVER LINES ON NEW ZEALAND HILL COUNTRY

1978 ◽  
pp. 162-169
Author(s):  
W.M. Williams ◽  
J.R. Caradus
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
The Third ◽  
Infertile Soils ◽  
Better Than

Eighty-two white clover lines from overseas and 13 hill country collections from within New Zealand have been examined on a hill country site for their persistence and production potential under sheep grazing on infertile soils. By the third year of the trial only seven lines were equal to or better than Huia. These included only two overseas lines (one cultivar from France ('Crau') and a line from New Hampshire, U.S.A.) and five of the 13 collections from New Zealand hill country. This is considered to be a strong argument for the use of New Zealand material in breeding white clover for New Zealand hill country conditions.

Cadmium distribution and inventories at a pre-European seabird breeding site on agricultural land, Banks Peninsula, New Zealand

Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Hawke
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Agricultural Site

Cadmium distribution was determined at a hill country agricultural site with no history of fertiliser application, but where pre-European seabird breeding occurred. Total Cd concentrations were measured in 2 depth profiles on the ridgeline, and in surface soil (0–15 cm; 15 ridgeline and 7 sideslope transects). Concentrations were low (range 0.04–0.13 mg/kg) for New Zealand agricultural soils. Concentrations were independent of stock camps (locations frequented by grazing animals), altitude, soil depth, organic matter, and N and P concentrations. Surface Cd concentrations on the sideslope were significantly higher than the ridgeline. Inventories from the 2 ridgeline profiles (29.9 ± 2.4 mg/m2; 18.4 ± 1.5 mg/m2) were higher than the 16 mg/m2 and 7 mg/m2, respectively, predicted from the loess and basalt parent material concentrations; surface soil concentrations also exceeded those predicted from parent materials. Together, these results suggest that agricultural activity has not significantly redistributed Cd, and that external sources have contributed a large proportion of soil Cd. Atmospheric input was too low to explain all of the observed enrichment. Instead, Cd distribution was consistent with seabird input concentrated in the deeper soils of the sideslope rather than the relatively thin soils of the ridgeline.

Revegetation of erosion scars in Wairarapa hill country

1993 ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Lambert ◽  
N.A. Trustrum ◽  
D.A. Costall ◽  
A.G. Foote
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Grazing Rate ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus

revegetation of erosion scars, 3 fertiliser and 3 seeding treatments were applied to plots on 8 recent scars in the Wairarapa, half each on northerly or southerly aspects. Four scars were grazed, and 4 were not grazed for the first 2% years. Fertiliser treatments were no fertiliser, superphosphate, and superphosphate plus nitrogen. Seedin.g treatments were no seed, a slowestablishing mixture, and a fast-establishing mixture. Changes in vegetative cover were monitored during years 0 to 2l/, and pasture production during years 3% to 5%. Conclusions include: rate of recovery of pastures can be greatly increased by not grazing for 2-3 years and sowing white clover and Lotus pedunculatus; spaceplanting hill slopes with suitable tree species could be accomplished at the same time; if slips are not spelled from grazing, rate of slip revegetation and subsequent productivity from oversowing white clover can be reduced. Keywords: erosion, fencing, fertiliser, hill pastures, oversowing, production, revegetation, slips

BREEDING A WHITE CLOVER ADAPTED TO SOUTHERN LOWLAND REGIONS OF NEW ZEALAND

1985 ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Growth Morphology ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

White clover populations from Europe and New Zealand together with ecotypes collected from old pastures in Southland-Otago were evaluated as spaced plants at Gore. Plants were screened for herbage production and morphological and flowering characteristics. The Southland ecotypes and North Island hill country material are adapted to active growth in spring and summer. Their dense growth habit ensures continued production of branched stolons from nodal meristems which is necessary for high clover yield and persistence under intensive sheep grazing. In this region flowering characteristics are unimportant in relation to agronomic performance. Some largerleaved Huia and French lines have high-yielding features which are evident during autumn under lenient grazing. Hybrids between superior plants showing adaptive and high yie!ding features are being screened in order to select new types with the desired characteristics. Keywords: White clover, Trifolium repens L., plant breeding, southern region, ecotypes, growth, morphology.

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