EFFECT OF VARIOUS PELLETING MATERIALS ON ESTABLISHMENT AND GROWTH OF LOTUS PEDUNCULATUS

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1975.37.1421 ◽

1975 ◽

pp. 221-227

Author(s):

W.L. Lowther

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Treatment Effects ◽

Rock Phosphate ◽

Gum Arabic ◽

Growing Season ◽

Lower Degree ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Consistent Trend ◽

Matter Production ◽

Lotus Pedunculatus

The effects of inoculation and pelleting, with two storage periods, were investigated on the establishment of 'Grasslands Maku' Lotus pedunculatus at three sites. When seeds were sown one day after treatment, none of the treatments gave consistently better establishment than inoculationonly, although the addition of gum arabic adhesive alone significantiy increased establishment on one site. However, after 15-day storage of the seed, establishment was higher from gum arabic adhesive alone than from inoculated-only seed although the effect attained significance on only two sites. In contrast, establishment of pelleted seed, apart from rock-phosphate/dolomite on one site, was similar to or less than that from inoculated-only seed. There was a consistent trend for all pelleting treatments to give a lower degree of establishment than did gum arabic adhesive alone. Lotus dry matter production in the second growing season was measured on one site and the importance of maximizing establishment was demonstrated by the marked treatment effects on lotus yield.

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Low rates of phosphorus fertiliser applied strategically throughout the growing season under rain-fed conditions did not affect dry matter production of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp09259 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

pp. 353 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

L. L. Burkitt ◽

D. J. Donaghy ◽

P. J. Smethurst

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growing Season ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Pasture Production ◽

Lolium Perenne L ◽

Matter Production ◽

Extractable P ◽

Intensively Managed

Pasture is the cheapest source of feed for dairy cows, therefore, dairy pastures in Australia are intensively managed to maximise milk production and profits. Although soil testing commonly suggests that soils used for dairy pasture production have adequate supplies of phosphorus (P), many Australian dairy farmers still apply fertiliser P, often by applying smaller rates more frequently throughout the year. This study was designed to test the hypotheses that more frequent, but lower rates of P fertiliser applied strategically throughout the growing season have no effect on dry matter production and P concentration in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), when soil extractable P concentrations are above the critical value reported in the literature. Three field sites were established on rain-fed dairy pasture soils ranging in P sorption capacity and with adequate soil P concentrations for maximising pasture production. Results showed that applied P fertiliser had no effect on pasture production across the 3 sites (P > 0.05), regardless of rate or the season in which the P was applied, confirming that no P fertiliser is required when soil extractable P concentrations are adequate. This finding challenges the viability of the current industry practice. In addition, applying P fertiliser as a single annual application in summer did not compromise pasture production at any of the 3 sites (P > 0.05), which supports the current environmental recommendations of applying P during drier conditions, when the risk of surface P runoff is generally lower. The current results also demonstrate that the short-term cessation of P fertiliser application may be a viable management option, as a minimal reduction in pasture production was measured over the experimental period.

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Gafsa rock phosphate and triple superphosphate for dry matter production and P uptake by corn

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162005000200011 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 159-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Rossini Mattos Corrêa ◽

Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento ◽

Silvana Keely de Sá Souza ◽

Fernando José Freire ◽

Gleibson Barbosa da Silva

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Rock Phosphate ◽

P Uptake ◽

Production Costs ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Triple Superphosphate ◽

Broadcast Application ◽

Matter Production ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

Corn Plants

Crops in general make poor use of phosphorous fertilizer and, as a result, recommended rates and production costs are very high. Phosphorus can be made more readily available to plants by proper management of phosphate fertilization, selecting both, type of fertilizer and application method. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the natural Gafsa rock phosphate and the triple superphosphate on dry matter production and P uptake by corn plants cultivated in a greenhouse. Fertilizers were applied localized and broadcast/incorporated on to two soils with contrasting phosphorus capacity factors (PCF). Rock phosphate broadcast application was as efficient as triple superphosphate in increasing corn plant dry matter in the Tropudult, with lower PCF. This effect was not observed on the Haplustox, owing to the lower P solubility due to the higher Ca concentration in this soil. Triple superphosphate rates increased plant P uptake in both soils and for both application forms. Rock phosphate resulted in higher P-content in plants, but only for broadcast application on the Ultisol.

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Nitrogen fixation by irrigated lucerne during the first three years after establishment

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9951401 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 46 (7) ◽

pp. 1401 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

RR Gault ◽

MB Peoples ◽

GL Turner ◽

DM Lilley ◽

J Brockwell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Nitrogen ◽

N2 Fixation ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growing Season ◽

15N Natural Abundance ◽

Natural Abundance ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

The Third ◽

Matter Production

Nodulation, N2 fixation (estimated by 15N natural abundance methods) and dry matter production were studied in a lucerne (Medicago sativa) crop managed for hay production at Ginninderra Experiment Station, A.C .T. Measurements were taken in the year of establishment and during two subsequent growing seasons. There were three treatments: (1) no inoculation and no annual fertilizer applied, (2) initial inoculation and superphosphate applied annually, (3) no inoculation, superphosphate applied annually and ammonium sulfate periodically. Before planting and after each growth season, soil was analysed for extractable mineral nitrogen, total nitrogen and the 15N natural abundance of this nitrogen, to the depth explored by lucerne roots. Before planting, no appropriate root-nodule bacteria (Rhizobium meliloti) were detected in the soil and initially plants were nodulated only in the inoculated treatment. Thereafter nodulation increased on the other treatments. Eight months after sowing there were no differences between treatments in numbers of R. meliloti g-l soil or in nodulation. In the third growing season, almost 30 kg ha-1 (dry wt) of nodules were recovered to a depth of 25 cm. These nodules were primarily located on fine, ephemeral roots and many appeared to be renewed after cutting of the lucerne. In the year of establishment, dry matter yields (0% moisture) totalled 3 to 4 t ha-1 in three hay cuts. In succeeding years, total yields were in the range 10 to 13 t ha-1 in four or five cuts per season. Nitrogen removed in the harvested lucerne reached 340 to 410 kg N ha-lyr-l in the second and third years and between 65 and 96% of this N arose from N2 fixation, depending on the method of calculation used. Poorer dry matter production and N2 fixation in treatment 1 in the third growing season was attributed to an insufficient supply of available phosphorus. Fixed N removed in Lucerne hay from treatment 2 totalled at least 640 kg N ha-1 in the three years of the experiment. Also, there were substantial increases in soil nitrogen due to lucerne growth. Although soil compaction made the quantification difficult, at the end of the experiment it was estimated that there was at least an extra 800 kg N ha-1 in the total soil nitrogen under lucerne compared to strips of Phalaris aquatica grown between the lucerne plots. It was concluded that lucerne contributed at least the same amount of fixed nitrogen to the soil as was being removed in the harvested hay.

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SEASONAL PATTERNS OF NITROGEN FIXATION AND DRY MATTER PRODUCTION BY CLOVERS GROWN IN THE PEACE RIVER REGION

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps80-124 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 847-858 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

W. A. RICE

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Red Clover ◽

Growing Season ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Flower Initiation ◽

Matter Production ◽

River Region ◽

Gray Luvisol

Alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum L.) and red clover (T. pratense L.) were established in field plots on an Orthic Gray Luvisol (Hazelmere CL) and a Black Solod (Landry CL) in 3 consecutive yr, 1972, 1973 and 1974. Data were collected in the 2 yr following the year of establishment. The factors measured included seed and forage yield, dry matter production rate, potential nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction), soil temperature, air temperature, soil moisture and NH+4-N and NO−3-N content of the soil. Based on calculations using the theoretical C2H2:N2 ratio of 3:1, alsike clover annually fixed 20.8–143.0 kg N/ha, and red clover fixed 15.3–77.3 kg N/ha on the Orthic Gray Luvisol. Also, alsike clover fixed more N2 earlier in the growing season than red clover. The estimate of annual N2(C2H2) fixation by both clovers on the Black Solod was less than one half that on the Orthic Gray Luvisol. There was little difference between the N2(C2H2) fixation by clover crops harvested for forage and those used for seed production. However, the amount of N2(C2H2) fixed always equalled or exceeded the amount of nitrogen removed in the seed, but only occasionally exceeded the amount removed in the forage. Yield and N2(C2H2) fixation varied widely among years, suggesting considerable climatic influence. However, the measured climatic and soil factors were not consistently correlated with potential nitrogenase activity. The seasonal pattern of potential nitrogenase activity appeared to be influenced by the phenological development of the plant. Activity commenced early in May, increased to a maximum about mid-June (flower initiation), and then decreased and generally remained low for the remainder of the growing season. Significant deviations from the usual seasonal profile of potential nitrogenase activity occurred in years with periods of moisture stress or with above average precipitation and soil heat units.

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Effects of Spring Wildfires on Astrebla (Mitchell grass) Grasslands in North-West Queensland Under Varying Levels of Growing Season Rainfall.

The Rangeland Journal ◽

10.1071/rj9800162 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 162 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

JC Scanlan

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Nitrogen Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growing Season ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

North West ◽

High Rainfall ◽

High Soil Moisture ◽

Matter Production

The response of Asr~ebla (Mitchell grass) grasslands to burning was determined in relation to the amount of rainfall re- ceived in the following growing season. Nine A. lappacea and three A. pecrinata locations in north-west Queensland were studied [:or both species, fire tended to increase the number and total dry weight of new tillers, although the individual tillers were smaller. Very low and very high rainfall resulted in sub-optimal new tiller formation in unburnt areas of A. lappacea. 1,lowering and seed set was also stimulated by wildfires. The nitrogen content of new tillers in burnt treatments was higher than for those in unburnt treatments under low growing season rainfall and lower under high growing season rainfall. Dry matter production from burnt A, lappacea, relative to unburnt areas, decreased under low rainfall and increased under high rainfall. Burning at a time of high soil moisture resulted in higher dry matter production and higher nitrogen content than burning during the spring period when soil moisture was low. The ecological and management implications of these responses are discussed

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Reducing Egypt Rock Phosphate Use in Zea mays Cultivation on an Acid Soil Using Clinoptilolite Zeolite

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v4n1p56 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 56 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hasbullah Nur Aainaa ◽

Osumanu Haruna Ahmed ◽

Susilawati Kasim ◽

Nik Muhamad Ab. Majid

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rock Phosphate ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Fertilization Program ◽

Matter Production ◽

Nutrients Uptake ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Clinoptilolite Zeolite

Insufficient supply of P for initial growth of crops does not only limit N uptake but it also leads to poor yield of crops. In acidic soils of the tropics, sorption of P occurs mainly on surfaces of Fe and Al oxides and hydroxides. Most of the P added through mineral fertilizers is fixed by high Al and Fe oxide concentrations and transformed into insoluble P compounds. Reduction of Al and Fe is important so as to ensure adequate supply and readily available P for crops uptake. A number of studies using zeolites as an amendment in the fertilization programs of crops have improved crops production, nutrients uptake, and nutrients use efficiency. However, there is dearth of information on the use of clinoptilolite zeolite (CZ) to reduce P fixation not to mention reduction of N, P, and K fertilizers use in agriculture. This study was conducted to: (i) determine dry matter production, nutrients concentration, nutrients uptake, and use efficiency of Zea mays (Hibrimas variety) by including CZ in the fertilization program of Zea mays planted on an acidic soil, and (ii) determine the effect of including CZ in the fertilization program of Zea mays on selected chemical properties of an acidic soil. Egypt rock phosphate (ERP), urea, and muriate of potash were used in this study. Seventy five percent (w/w) of the recommended N, P, and K fertilizers for Zea mays were combined with CZ. Standard procedures were used to determine soil pH, inorganic nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable aluminium, iron, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and organic matter before and after planting. Zea mays were harvested at tasselling stage and measured for dry matter production, nutrients uptake and use efficiency. The effect of CZ application with 75% of fertilizers (E2) and 100% fertilizers (E1) were statistically similar for selected soil chemical properties, dry matter production, nutrients concentration, uptake of nutrients, and nutrients use efficiency except for N. Nitrogen use efficiency for E2 was better than that of E1. These findings suggest that adoption of CZ with 25% reduction of N, P, and K fertilizers are useful. Further field trials and economic analysis are recommended to confirm the findings of this study. These aspects are being investigated in our on-going field experiments.

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Net carbon dioxide exchange of wheat, sorghum, and soybean

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b75-045 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 382-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

E. T. Kanemasu ◽

C. K. Hiebsch

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growing Season ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽

Gas Analyzer ◽

Light Saturation ◽

Matter Production ◽

Infrared Gas Analyzer ◽

Effect Of Light

Canopy net carbon dioxide exchange (NCE) rates are needed to understand the effect of light on crop growth and development. NCE rates of sorghum, soybean, and wheat canopies were determined using field chambers and an infrared gas analyzer throughout a growing season. Whereas sorghum attained peak NCE rates early in season, soybean and wheat did not reach maximum rates until the late reproductive growth stage. Frequently during the season, NCE rates of sorghum were nearly four times those of soybeans and wheat. Solar radiation had a much greater affect on the NCE of sorghum than on that of soybeans. Apparent light saturation was observed in both soybeans and wheat. An expression for dry matter production of sorghum was derived using chamber data. The expression simulated the total dry matter production for sorghum in 1973, 1972, and 1970 within 20%.

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