scholarly journals PASTURE RENOVATION BY OVERDRILLING

1986 ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
W.R. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Direct Drilling

The Agricultural Machinery Research Centre, Massey University, undertook pasture renovation with a prototype direct drill at several North Island sites. Banded herbicide application was found to provide an effective medium term (two years) means of introducing ryegrass and clover species into browntop dominant pastures being intensively grazed. Specialist pasture species were introduced into Northland dairy pastures by band spraying and direct drilling. Wana cocksfoot and Pawera red clover were slower to establish than Nui and Ellett ryegrass. All species contributed to greater herbage dry matter production of the sward than the control and appeared to be persisting competitively. Keywords: Direct drilling, overdrilling, band spraying, winged opener, inverted T slot, pasture renewal, pasture renovation, prototype direct drill, Northland, Taranaki, Manawatu, no-tillage.

scholarly journals SOME ASPECTS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF 'GRASSLANDS PAWERA' RED CLOVER IN SOUTHLAND

1976 ◽  
pp. 246-252
Author(s):  
R.J.M. Hay ◽  
R.W. Kelly ◽  
D.L. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Cervical Mucus ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Direct Drilling

Grazing experiments investigating some factors determining the dry matter production and oestrogenicity of Pawera red clover are described. The legume content of the summer dry matter yield was double that of Ruanui and Huia pasture following overdrilling of lightly paraquated pasture with 4 or 8 kg/ha of Pawera. Persistence of Pawera was demonstrated by its ability to survive in sufficient density under grazing to contribute 35% of total summer dry matter production in its fourth year after direct drilling into lightly paraquated pasture. A Pawera sward when overdrilled with Tama ryegrass or Rahu ryecorn produced the same annual yield as Ariki/ Huia pasture, but the seasonal distribution was markedly different, with production from the overdrilled Pawera being greater in winter and summer. Pure Pawera swards produced some 70% more dry matter during December-February than Ariki/Huia pasture. The significance of this is related to conservation practices in Southland. Oestrogenicity of pure swards of Pawera was determined by measuring the cervical mucus response in ovariectomized ewes. Responses to grazing were equivalent to a single injection of 9 to 31 ug of oestradiol-17B

scholarly journals Total dry matter production of potato, mungbean and t. aman rice as influenced by nutrient management of potato-mungbean-t. aman rice cropping pattern

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHS Jahan ◽  
MAR Sarkar ◽  
M Salim ◽  
N Islam ◽  
TP Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Ground Part

A field experiment was conducted at the Regional Wheat Research Centre (RWRC) of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh for 2 consecutive years during 2006-07 and 2007-08 with the objective to find out the optimum nutrient management practice on total dry matter production (above ground part) of each component crop of potatomungbean- t. aman rice cropping pattern. Twelve nutrient management treatments were tested in RCBD with 3 replications. Treatments were, T1=HYG (0-198-44-194-24-6-1.2), T2=MYG (0-140-34-138-18-4.5-0.9), T3=IPNS (10000-168-38-170-18-6-1.2), T4=STB (0-171-40-164-22-5-1), T5=FP (0-97-16- 91-0-0-0), T6=CON (0-0-0-0-0-0-0), T7=HYG+CRI, T8=MYG+CRI, T9=IPNS+CRI, T10=STB+CRI, T11=FP+CRI, T12=CON+CRI kg/ha CDNPKSZnB, for potato; T1=HYG (0-24-40-48-24-3-1.2), T2=MYG (0-20-36- 40-20-2-1), T3=IPNS (5000-9-37-36-21-3-1.2), T4=STB (0-20-36-40-22-2-1), T5=FP (0-6-5-4-0-0-0), T6=CON (0-0-0-0-0-0-0), T7=HYG+CRI , T8=MYG+CRI, T9=IPNS+CRI, T10=STB+CRI, T11=FP+CRI, T12=CON+CRI kg/ha CDNPKSZnB for mungbean and T1=HYG (0-80-16-44-12-2-0), T2=MYG (0-56-12-32-8-1.5-0), T3=IPNS (5000-65-13-32-9-2-0), T4=STB (0- 68-15-37-11-2-0), T5=FP (0-39-37-12-0-0-0), T6=CON(0-0-0-0-0-0- 0),T7=HYG+CRI, T8=MYG+CRI, T9=IPNS+CRI, T10=STB+CRI,T11=FP+CRI, T12=CON+CRI kg/ha CDNPKSZnB for t. aman rice. HYG treatment without or with crop residues incorporation produced the highest TDM in potato, mungbean and t. aman rice followed by IPNS and STB along with or without CRI. The lowest TDM was recorded in control plot without CRI. The increasing trend of TDM was observed in the crop residues incorporation plots than nonincorporation plots. It was observed that there were significant and positive linear relationship between TDM and yield of potao, mungbean, and t. aman rice at 60 DAP, 60 DAS, and 90 DAT, respectively, in both the years. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i2.20416 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(2): 211-225, June 2014

A Biotype of Hare Barley (Hordeum leporinum) Resistant to Paraquat and Diquat

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin S. Tucker ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Normal Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Alfalfa Field ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hordeum Leporinum ◽  
Grass Weed

A biotype of the annual grass weed hare barley infesting an alfalfa field with a 24-yr history of the use of the bipyridylium herbicides paraquat and diquat, was investigated for resistance to these herbicides. Rates of up to 800 g ai ha–1of each herbicide caused no mortality in the hare barley plants from this field. The same species, collected from an adjacent pasture field with no history of bipyridylium herbicide application, exhibited LD50'sof 57 and 160 g ai ha–1for paraquat and diquat, respectively. Tiller numbers and dry matter production in the biotype from the alfalfa field were not affected by the normal rate recommended for both herbicides. These results clearly show that hare barley from the alfalfa field is resistant to paraquat and diquat. Both biotypes were equally sensitive to fluazifop, glyphosate, and sethoxydim.

SEASONAL PATTERNS OF NITROGEN FIXATION AND DRY MATTER PRODUCTION BY CLOVERS GROWN IN THE PEACE RIVER REGION

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. RICE
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
River Region ◽  
Gray Luvisol

Alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum L.) and red clover (T. pratense L.) were established in field plots on an Orthic Gray Luvisol (Hazelmere CL) and a Black Solod (Landry CL) in 3 consecutive yr, 1972, 1973 and 1974. Data were collected in the 2 yr following the year of establishment. The factors measured included seed and forage yield, dry matter production rate, potential nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction), soil temperature, air temperature, soil moisture and NH+4-N and NO−3-N content of the soil. Based on calculations using the theoretical C2H2:N2 ratio of 3:1, alsike clover annually fixed 20.8–143.0 kg N/ha, and red clover fixed 15.3–77.3 kg N/ha on the Orthic Gray Luvisol. Also, alsike clover fixed more N2 earlier in the growing season than red clover. The estimate of annual N2(C2H2) fixation by both clovers on the Black Solod was less than one half that on the Orthic Gray Luvisol. There was little difference between the N2(C2H2) fixation by clover crops harvested for forage and those used for seed production. However, the amount of N2(C2H2) fixed always equalled or exceeded the amount of nitrogen removed in the seed, but only occasionally exceeded the amount removed in the forage. Yield and N2(C2H2) fixation varied widely among years, suggesting considerable climatic influence. However, the measured climatic and soil factors were not consistently correlated with potential nitrogenase activity. The seasonal pattern of potential nitrogenase activity appeared to be influenced by the phenological development of the plant. Activity commenced early in May, increased to a maximum about mid-June (flower initiation), and then decreased and generally remained low for the remainder of the growing season. Significant deviations from the usual seasonal profile of potential nitrogenase activity occurred in years with periods of moisture stress or with above average precipitation and soil heat units.

scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF 'GRASSLANDS PITAU' AND 'HUIA' WHITE CLOVERS IN OTAGO

1972 ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
I.R. Mcdonald ◽  
N.A. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Lower Fertility

Pitau and Huia white clovers were sown with two rates of Ruanui, Ariki and Manawa ryegrass on high fertility soil at Invermay Agricultural Research Centre and lower fertility soil at Traquair. Although clover establishment in the Pitau white clover treatments was comparable with, or superior to that in the Huia treatments, the latter tended to have a denser growth habit, particularly during spring. Overall, there was little difference in total annual dry matter production between treatments but clover yields varied considerably in all trials. Huia clover dry matter production was superior to Pitau in the first two years but in later years the position was reversed.

scholarly journals HERBAGE PRODUCTION OF PASTURE LEGUMES AT THREE SITES IN OTAGO

1975 ◽  
pp. 182-195
Author(s):  
R.B. Allen ◽  
I.R. Mcdonald ◽  
N.A. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Matter Production

White clover (Trifolium repens), red clover (T. pratense), subtcrrnnean clover (T. subterraneum) and alsike clover (T. hybridum) were sown singly or in combinations at three sites in Otago. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was included in all clover treatments and was also sown alone. Lucerne (Medicago sativa) was sown alone at two sites. Herbage dry matter production was measured over a three-year period. At the high fertility lnvermay site, white and red clovers gave similar total and legume dry matter production and were markedly superior to alsike and subterranean clovers. White and nlsike clovers were most productive at the higher altitude, low fertility Berwick site, and at the dry, medium fertility Dunback site red clover produced the highest yields. Lucerne greatly outyielded all other species in the second and third years at Invermay and in the third year at Dunback.

Field pea cultivar and weed response to crop seed rate in western Canada

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Townley-Smith ◽  
A. T. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Long Stem

Weed competition is a serious limitation to field pea (Pisum sativum L.) production. Trials were conducted in northeastern Saskatchewan to determine the effects of field pea growth habit, stand density and herbicide treatments on weed growth and on field pea stand and yield. Century, a long-stem leafy type, Tipu, a long-stem semi-leafless type, and Express, a short-stem leafy type, were seeded at 6, 12, 25, 50 and 100 seeds m−2. Some of each cultivar was unsprayed sprayed with a sethoxydim-metribuzin tank-mix for control of grass and broadleaf weeds. Field pea growth habit (cultivar) did not affect number of weeds, but increasing stand density (seed rate) reduced weed numbers in all 3 yr. Express reduced above-ground dry matter production of broadleaf weeds in 1988 and 1991. Increasing seed rate reduced above-ground dry matter production of weeds in all 3 yr. Field pea yield increased with increasing seed rate to a rate between 50 and 100 seeds m−2. Herbicide application reduced weed dry matter production, with the largest effect at low field pea populations. Despite differences in growth habit, the three cultivars competed similarly with weeds. High populations of field peas competed well with weeds and may not require herbicide application, but if producers retain thin stands, good weed control will be critical to attaining high crop yield. Key words: Field pea, Pisum sativum L., seed rate, weed competition, growth habit

scholarly journals ALTERING THE GROWTH PATTERN OF KIKUYU PASTURES WITH TEMPERATE GRASSES

1986 ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
K. Betteridge ◽  
D.A. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
Autumn Sowing

Temperate grasses were introduced mto kikuyu-based dairy pastures to Improve poor winter and spring growth rates. Methods of suppressing resident pasture growth before sowmy included, forage harvesting, hard grazmg and paraquat spraying (0.44 kg al/ha). Seed was either broadcast sown or direct drilled. 'Grasslands' cultwars Tama and Nui ryegrass and Matua prairie grass were used. Tiller densities, dry matter production and pasture cornposItIon were measured at 3 to 8 week Intervals in three trials rangmg from 8 to 24 months duration. Hard grazing or forage harvesting did not differentially affect subsequent pasture productlo" Establishment of Tama was best after paraquat spraying and then direct drilling. Sprln~ dally growth rates rose from 25 kg DM/ha in ktkuyu pasture to 56 kg DM/ha in pasture direct dnlled wth Tama after paraquat spraying. but pasture growth rates were similar in early summer once Tama died. Early autumn sowing of Tama is likely to give poor establishment if kikuyu IS not severely suppressed, and late autumn sowing will contribute llttle to winter productjon. In another trial Matua increased annual productlon through better autumn, wmter and sprmg growth. Nui and Tama both improved growth rates rn wrnter and sprmg, but only Nui increased annual productjon also. Keywords: Kikuyu, Nui, Matua, Tama, establishment, paraquat, herbage production, direct drilling.

Introduction and management of vetch/barley forage mixtures in the rainfed areas of Pakistan. 3. Residual effects on following cereal crops

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Qamar ◽  
J. D. H. Keatinge ◽  
Noor Mohammad (dec.) ◽  
Asghar Ali ◽  
M. Ajmal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Barley Seed ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
N Content ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Forage Mixtures

The residual effects of winter-sown forage mixtures grown in the northern rainfed parts of Punjab province and south-eastern North West Frontier Province in Pakistan were examined. Studies were carried out during 1994–97 primarily at the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, which has an annual rainfall of around 1000 mm and, secondarily, at a much drier site at the Arid Zone Research Centre (AZRC) at Quetta. Common vetch (V), barley (B), and their mixtures at seed ratios of V75B25, V50B50, and V25B75 were sown and 3 harvest time treatments (pre-flowering, full flowering, and maturity) were imposed. Sorghum, and then wheat, were grown as succeeding crops to monitor the residual effects of the introduction and management of legume forage mixtures. Significant residual effects on the dry matter production and nitrogen (N) content of sorghum (P < 0·01) were observed at both NARC and AZRC following different vetch/barley seed ratio treatments. Sorghum dry matter yield after pure vetch and after the mixture ratio treatment of V75B25 was higher (4·5 t/ha) than after other mixtures and it was lowest after sole barley (2·5 t/ha). The N taken up by the sorghum after pure vetch amounted to 56 kg/ha and after pure barley was 25 kg/ha. Nitrogen yield from the sorghum decreased with increasing amount of barley in the mixture. There were no apparent effects of the previous harvest time treatments imposed on the forages. Differences in dry matter production and N content in wheat following sorghum at NARC were just detectable after different vetch/barley seed ratios. The greatest amount of dry matter (>4 t/ha) with an N content of 29 kg/ha was found following pure vetch and sorghum and the lowest dry matter (3·4 t/ha) and N (23 kg/ha) following pure barley and sorghum. At AZRC, the same trends in sorghum were observed as at NARC but with reduced yields due to the substantially lower and less well distributed rainfall and suboptimal temperatures, which restricted the productivity of the initial crops in the sequence.

scholarly journals Growth and Resource Use of Maize, Pigeonpea and Maize/Pigeonpea Intercrop in an Operational Research Watershed

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. K. Sivakumar ◽  
S. M. Virmani
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Operational Research ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Matter Production

SUMMARYGrowth and interception of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) in a maize/pigeonpea intercrop and sole maize and sole pigeonpea crops grown in large plots in an operational research watershed at ICRISAT research centre were compared. Growth and yield of the maize crop, in pure stands and in intercrop, were not significantly different. Efficiency of dry matter production, calculated from the relations between dry matter production and cumulative intercepted PAR, was highest for the maize/pigeonpea intercrop, followed by sole maize and sole pigeon-pea, proving the utility of such intercrops in making better use of resources in the Semi-Arid Tropics (SAT).

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