Research in white clover seed production

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
P.T.P. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
First Year ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Closing Date ◽  
General Management ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Seed Yields

White clover seed yields from crops derived from pure autumn broadcast sowings harvested in the first year after sowing were improved by increasing sowing rate from 3 to 6 kg/ha. On moisture-retentive soils or where irrigation was available, mid-November closings gave highest seed yields for crops derived from either spring undersowings of cereals or as ryegrass mixtures taken for ryegrass seed in the first year from sowing. Closing a month earlier gave similar yields if 30 cm rather than 15 cm row spacings were used. Harvest should be no later than one month from main flowering to reduce the numbers of seedheads lost. General management should aim to promote good primary stolon growth rates over the month prior to mid-December if high flowerhead densities are to be obtained. Therefore excessive grazing before closing and poor timing of herbicide spraying for grass control should be avoided. Keywords: Trifolium repens, seed production, plant density, closing date, pollination, seed harvesting, management.

scholarly journals White clover seed production with irrigation

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
J.K. Lay
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Seed Yields

Irrigation has removed much of the risk associated with white clover seed production in an area of poorly distributed annual rainfall of 530 mm. Machine-dressed seed yields range between 540 and 900 kg/ha. The importance of minimizing harvesting losses is emphasized. Key words: Trifolium repens, seed production, irrigation.

scholarly journals 'Endura' caucasian clover: progress towards commercial seed production

1996 ◽  
pp. 195-197
Author(s):  
B.R. Guy
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
First Year ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Seed Yields

A series of seed production trials was established at Kimihia Research Centre, Lincoln, Canterbury to investigate row spacing sowing date and sowing rate requirements for Endura, the hexaploid cultivar of caucasian clover. In 1991 a trial with 30 cm or 45 cm row spacings with a sowing rate of 8 kg/ha coated inoculated seed was used. Although there were no significant differences in the first year (101 kg/ha cf. 111 kg/ha), the 45 cm row spacing yielded significantly higher than the 30 cm row spacing, in the second year (709 kg/ha cf. 371 kg/ha). Wider rows produced more flowers per unit area - 448 m-2 for 45 cm compared with 288 for 30 cm. In 1992 a sowing rate trial was established using 2 kg or 6 kg/ha of coated and inoculated seed in 45 cm row spacings. The lower sowing rate treatment of 2 kg/ha produced a significantly higher seed yield, of 208 kg/ha. The effect of sowing date (December, January, February) on seed yields was investigated. All sowing date treatments were sown at 6 kg/ha in 45 cm rows. The highest seed yield of 126 kg/ha was from January sowing. Weed seed content in the field-dressed samples harvested was associated with sowing date and decreased with each progressive sowing. The results indicate a strong negative correlation between plant density and seed yield. With early sowing, weed control is vitally important for successful seed production. Keywords: row spacing, seed yield, sowing date, sowing rate, Trifolium ambiguum

A sulphur response: White clover seed production

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. P. Clifford ◽  
S. D. White
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Clover Seed

scholarly journals Preliminary investigation into impact of Sitona lepidus adults on white clover seed production

1999 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 250-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Gerard ◽  
T. Eden ◽  
W. Tozer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Adult Weevil

A small plot trial was undertaken in the Waikato to determine the potential impact of Sitona lepidus adults on white clover seed production. Five densities of adult weevil were caged on 1 m2 plots from the time of peak adult emergence in November 1998 until harvest in late January 1999. In the laboratory, weevil adults were found to severely damage clover inflorescences when no leaves were present. Although feeding damage on leaves was highly visible in the field plots, with over 80% of the leaflets damaged at the highest density of 600 adults/m2, weevil adults were found to have no effect on flowering or seed production.

The influence of maturity grading on total yield and seed production in strains of Trifolium subterraneun L. grown as single plants and in swards

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Reverse Situation ◽  
Production Pattern ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Early Strain

A large number of strains of subterranean clover was grown as single plants and in swards in a series of 1-year experiments. The relationship between the interval from seeding to flowering ("maturity grading") and the production pattern varied according to plant density. In the case of single plants, both total yields and seed yields increased linearly with increasing maturity grading. With swards, on the other hand, total yields showed scarcely any relation to increasing maturity grading – there was a slight decline, in fact – while seed production fell rapidly. Hence the early strain Dwalganup gave the lowest seed yields as single plants, but the highest seed yields in swards, whereas the reverse situation held for the late strains Wenigup and Tallarook. The main factor responsible for the differences in these production patterns was considered to be available soil moisture supply. It was shown that in the few cases where soil moisture was severely limiting in spring for single plants, yields levelled off (and seed yields even declined) at higher maturity gradings. Three points are discussed at some length: the influence of environment on the seed yield of strains grown as single plants, the effect of plant density on the ratio seed weight/total weight, and production in relation to maturity grading in swards.

scholarly journals Forage seed production: 75 years applying science and technology

2006 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
R.J. Chynoweth ◽  
A.V. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Production History ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Seed Yields

Forage seed (brassica, grass and legume species) is the delivery vehicle for new plant genetics to the pastoral sector. Seed production technology associated with the release of the first bred pasture cultivars in the 1930s was largely based around horse-drawn reaper and binders and stationary threshing machines. The development of authenticity and quality controls also started in the 1930s with the NZ Seed Certification Scheme. Management inputs were minimal with closing and harvest dates being the major tools available. Over a 75 year period, seed yields have increased, with top growers now achieving seed yields that are three times greater than those reported 50 to 75 years ago. In the 1950s, harvest mechanisation developed rapidly and in the 1970s on-farm seed drying was developed. The availability of nitrogen (N) fertiliser was the first major input available for grass seed growers. The paper follows the science and changing recommendations on N rates and the eventual maximum limit achieved by additional N identified in trials in 2004. From the 1960s onwards, new herbicides have allowed for the control of a wider range of difficult to control weed species, especially the control of other grasses in ryegrass seed crops and broadleaved weeds in white clover. New generation fungicides, insecticides and plant growth regulators have provided improved management tools for increased seed yields. The paper concludes with changes in extension from Government driven (Department of Agriculture) to farmer funded R&D and extension by the Foundation for Arable Research. Keywords: ryegrass, white clover, brassica, seed production, history

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