scholarly journals Amenity grass seed production in practice

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
A.G. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Agrostis Tenuis ◽  
Seed Harvesting ◽  
Seed Crops

The growing and harvesting of amenity grass seed crops requires special management and also modifications and adjustments to header harvesters for the various cultivars. Keywords: Amenity grass, seed production, seed harvesting, Agrostis tenuis, Agrostis pelustris, Festuca rubra, Poa pratensis

scholarly journals The place of amenity grass seed production.

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 24-25
Author(s):  
G.S. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Agrostis Tenuis

In recent years the supply of seed of local types of fine turf grasses has decreased. This has resulted in the need for the importation of overseas cultivars of browntop, creeping bent grass and red fescue. These have generally proved to be very effective in producing high-quality turf. The coarser types of turf used in sportsfields for football and cricket are ideally ryegrass-dominant. Fine-leaved perennial ryegrasses have been developed overseas. and experimental plantings of these in New Zealand look very promising. Keywords: Amenity grass, New Zealand, Agrostis tenuis Lolium perenne, Agrostis palustris, Festuca rubra.

Effect of method and time of application of nitrogen fertiliser on yield and quality of seed of creeping red fescue

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Vigorous Plant ◽  
Tiller Density

Six trials were conducted on commercial seed fields of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra) in the Peace region to evaluate the sensitivity of seed production to the method and time of application of N fertiliser. In each trial, 68 kg ha−1 N was applied using three methods (surface-broadcast, granular, ammonium nitrate 34-0-0; foliar/soil spray of 28-0-0 solution N; soil-injected 28-0-0 solution N) at each of three times (fall, early spring, late spring). No statistically significant (P = 0.05) interaction, or main effect, of method and time of N were revealed for seed yield, fertile tiller density or for several seed quality characteristics. Seed yield varied greatly among trials (142 to 1240 kg ha−1) and averaged 566 kg ha−1. The results indicate that there is considerable flexibility in the method and time of application of N fertiliser for seed production of creeping red fescue in the Peace region, provided it is applied before the commencement of vigorous plant growth in the spring. Key words: Creeping red fescue, Festuca rubra L., nitrogen fertility, grass seed production, grass seed quality

scholarly journals GRASS SEED PRODUCTION: WEEDS, HERBICIDES AND FERTILISERS

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
M.P. Ralston ◽  
K.R. Brown ◽  
M.D. Hare ◽  
K.A. Young
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Bromus Mollis

Four weed species (Bromus mollis, Vulpia sp., Poa annua, Steltaria media) occur in 30% or more of all perennial ryegrass seed samples. Of the listed undesirable species, Avena fatua (wild oat) and Hordeum murinum occurred respectively in 5.3 and 3.5% of ryegrass seedlots. Only 6 herbicides are registered for use in grass seed crops in New Zealand, 2 for wild oat, and 4 for broadleaved weeds. The results of research on weed control in seedling and established seed crops (ryegrass, cocksfoot, tall fescue, phalaris, prairie grass) are presented. Fertilisers for grass seed crops discussed are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), lime and zinc. Autumn N is commonly used and will increase seed yields in early flowering species (Pestuca rubra, F. arundinacea), but in ryegrass variable results have occurred. Spring N should be applied at stem elongation. No responses to P have been reported for ryegrass, while in established cocksfoot responses to P and K have been reported. Overliming can induce Zn deficiencies, and of the grass species only prairie grass may require lime. Keywords: Lolium, ryegrass, seed production, weed occurrence, Bromus mollis, herbicides, fertilisers, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, lime, zinc

scholarly journals The influence of autumn cutting on canopy structure and seed production of first-year crops of Poa pratensis L and Festuca rubra L.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J.M. Meijer ◽  
S. Vreeke
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
First Year ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
N Application

In field experiments in 1981-86, Poa pratensis cv. Kimono and Baron and Festuca rubra cv. Agram and Koket were undersown in companion crops of winter wheat cv. Arminda. Cuts were made immediately after wheat harvest or 4-6 weeks later. N application as autumn and spring dressings did not alter the effects of cutting. In most experiments, cutting treatments increased production of inflorescence and seed yield, mainly due to better illumination, and increased survival of the late elongating reproductive tillers. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

DISEASES AND PESTS OF GRASS SEED CROPS

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
R.E. Falloon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Seed Crops

This paper will discuss the diseases and pests that affect grass seed production. In order to put the diseases and pests into perspective, the principlesof grass seed production will be considered. The components of yield of any crop for which seed is the product are: number of plants per unit area; number of inflorescences per plant; number of seeds per inflorescence; seed weight, Many factors can influence these components, for example: (1) crop establishment (cultivation, seed quality, seeding rate, sowing time, soil moisture and fertility can all affect numbers of plants) (2) crop growth (soil moisture, fertility, grazing and weeds can affect crop growth and influence numbers of inflorescences and numbers and weight of seeds).

Effects of water and nitrogen on seed production of creeping red fescue

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Seed Crop ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Peace River ◽  
River Region ◽  
Seed Crops

In order to address a paucity of information, a study was conducted in the Peace River region of northwestern Canada to determine the effects on seed production of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra) of six water treatments [natural precipitation and 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200% of the average, cumulative, long-term precipitation (LTP) of 459 mm yr-1] in combination with four N-fertilization regimes (zero + 102, 34 + 68, 68 + 34, and 102 + zero kg ha-1 N for the first + second crops, respectively). The 2-yr seed yield exceeded 2900 kg ha-1 when N was supplied to just one of the two seed crops, viz. with 150 to 200% LTP when N was applied only to the first seed crop, and with 125 to 150% LTP when N was applied only to the second seed crop. Under the prevailing, long-term, moisture environment at the study site (100% LTP), total seed yield over two production years was greatest (2136 kg ha-1) with 68 + 34 kg ha-1 N. The effects of the water and N treatments on seed yield were not associated with the mass of root organic matter recovered after the harvest of the second seed crop. These results confirm, and begin to quantify, numerous visual observations in the Peace River region that seed yields of creeping red fescue are restricted by insufficient precipitation. Key words: Creeping red fescue, Festuca rubra, grass seed production, nitrogen fertility, water, soil moisture

Crop density and seed production of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra). 1. Yield and plant development

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Initial Population Density ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Clean Seed ◽  
Seed Crops

The natural growth habit of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra) involves a steady proliferation of tillers, which eventually become too dense to form seedheads. A field study was conducted to evaluate whether seed yield of fescue can be optimized for one, two or three consecutive crops by manipulating the initial population density and arrangement of plants. Individual seedling plants were transplanted at seven densities (1.6, 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 plants m−2) and three row spacings (20, 40 and 80 cm), and characteristics of seed production were determined for 3 yr (1991–1993). Heading commenced at dates differing by 16 d in the 3 yr and was delayed by up to 7 d as density increased. Seed maturity occurred in a 7-d period in each year (15–22 July). For a single harvest, an initial density of 12–100 plants m−2 on a row spacing of 20 cm or 12–50 plants m−2 on a row spacing of 40 cm is required to optimize yield and produce about 600 kg ha−1 of clean seed. For two consecutive harvests, an initial population density of 6–25 plants m−2 on a row spacing of 20 cm or 6–50 plants m−2 on a row spacing of 40 cm is required to optimize yield and produce a total of about 800 kg ha−1 of clean seed. For producing for either 1 or 2 yr, a density of 12–25 plants m−2 on rows no wider than 40 cm is required to optimize seed yield in each year. The probability of producing a third seed crop decreases markedly as the initial plant density increases and as the row spacing decreases. It is probably uneconomic to harvest more than two consecutive seed crops with current management practices. Key words: Red fescue; Festuca rubra var. rubra, population density, plant spacing, seed production

Phytophagous arthropods and silvertop levels associated with post-harvest residue treatments in three turfgrass species grown for seed

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Soroka ◽  
B. D. Gossen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
The Impact

Silvertop, which is characterized by whitish, completely sterile seed heads produced on green tillers, is a common symptom in many perennial grasses. A 3-yr study of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra subsp. rubra) grown for seed production was conducted at Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, to investigate the cause(s) of silvertop, the impact of residue management strategies on silvertop incidence, and the impact of silvertop on seed yield. Three residue management practices were applied in the fall of the first harvest year and again the next fall, as follows: (i) burned after harvest; (ii) clipped to 1–2 cm in height and the residue removed; or (iii) mowed to 20 cm and the residue retained. Arthropods in each plot were collected weekly from May until July by sweep sampling, counted, and identified to family level or lower, and the incidence of seed heads with and without silvertop were assessed. The majority of arthropods were thrips, leafhoppers, plant bugs, mites, or grass-dwelling flies. Grass species and residue treatment strongly affected the number of reproductive tillers and levels of silvertop. Levels of silvertop were lowest in creeping bentgrass in all 3 yr of the study, while they were similar for Kentucky bluegrass and creeping red fescue. Mown plots had fewer reproductive tillers, fewer heathy seed heads, and higher levels of silvertop than burned or clipped plots. However, arthropod species composition was generally similar across grass species and residue treatments. This indicates that a specific arthropod taxon may not be a critical factor in silvertop expression. The relationship between the number and composition of arthropods found and incidence of silvertop is discussed. Key words: Festuca rubra subsp. rubra, Poa pratensis, Agrostis palustris, seed production, arthropods, silvertop

Susceptibility of Several Grasses to Glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Bingham ◽  
J. Segura ◽  
C. L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Agrostis Tenuis ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The susceptibility of 2- and 4-month-old perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerataL.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL.), red fescue (Festuca rubraL.) and highland bentgrass (Agrostis tenuisSibth.) to glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] was studied in the greenhouse. All 2-month-old grasses were killed by 0.28 kg/ha and higher rates of glyphosate. At 0.14 kg/ha, red fescue was moderately resistant, and bluegrass, orchardgrass, and perennial ryegrass were moderately susceptible. Bent-grass was very susceptible. When 4-month-old grasses were treated, bluegrass was as tolerant to 0.28 kg/ha of glyphosate as was red fescue. At this same rate, orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass were moderately susceptible, whereas bentgrass remained the most susceptible. Dosages lower than 0.28 kg/ha had little effect; whereas higher doages injured all five species.14C-glyphosate was absorbed and translocated via both apoplast and symplast in 1-month-old red fescue, orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass seedlings. Comparatively, less radioactivity was transported to the untreated areas in red fescue than in orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass. Thus, the differential tolerances of these species to low rates of glyphosate may be explained, in part, by differential translocation of glyphosate.

Effect of Picloram on Production and Quality of Seed in Several Grasses

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
William O. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Agrostis Tenuis ◽  
Untreated Check

Twelve field trials were conducted in western Oregon during 1963 to 1966 to evaluate the effect of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) on the seed production and seed quality of eight grass species. Seed production of creeping bentgrass (Agrostics palustris Huds., vars. Penncross and Seaside), Colonial bentgrass (Agrostis tenuis Sibth., var. Highland), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L., var. Linn), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., var. Gulf), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb., var. Alta) treated with picloram was not statistically different from the untreated check. Seed production of Colonial bentgrass (Agrostis tenuis Sibth., var. Astoria) was reduced by picloram at rates of 1.0 and 1.5 lb/A. Seed production of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L., var. Newport) was not statistically different from the untreated check when picloram was applied in October but was significantly lower than the check following some March treatments. Seed production of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L., var. Potomac) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L., var. Pennlawn) was reduced by most picloram treatments made either in October or March. Germination of the creeping red fescue seed was significantly reduced when picloram was applied at 2 lb/A in March. None of the treatments affected seedling development.

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