Evaluarea calităţii biomasei din plantațiile semincere de ierburi perene și posibilități de valorificar

We studied the quality of the biomass (straw) of perinnal grass seed crop: Festuca arundinacea, Festuca pratensis, Festuca rubra, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Phleum pretense. The biochemical composi-tion of straw: 36-83 g/kg CP, 400-555 g/kg CF, 46-98 g/kg CA, 647-918 g/kg NDF, 424-604 g/kg ADF, 53-86 g/kg ADL, 371-518 g/kg Cel, 223-314g/kg HC, with nutritive and energy value 10.3-39.3 % DMD, 8.8-36.2 % ODM, 7.08-9.14 MJ/kg ME and 3.10-5.45 MJ/kg NEl. We found that the straw substrates for anaerobic digestion, have C/N=37-92 and biochemical methane potential 254-313 l/kg ODM. The theore-tical ethanol yield from structural carbohydrates averaged 432-605 L/t.

Growth and Yield of Sugarcane Seed Crop as Influenced by Fertilizer Rates and Timing in Anakapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India

A field experiment was conducted in sugarcane over 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping seasons at the Regional Agricultural Research Station of Anakapalle (Andhra Pradesh) on sandy clay soils. The objective was to determine the effect of organic and mineral fertilizer rates and timing on growth and yield of a sugarcane seed crop. The experiment was laid out following split plot design with three main organic fertilizer treatments and six N-K fertilizer sub treatments, in three replications. Results showed a significant increase in stalk height, numbers of tillers ha-1 and cane yield due to organic fertilizer, namely biofertilizer and trash mulching, in combination with 125% STBNK applied at 30 days interval + additional dose of 25% recommended K fertilizer applied one month prior to harvest.

Vegetative and seed methods of propagation of shallots

В Северо-Восточной части Приволжского федерального округа традиционно выращивают вегетативно размножаемые формы лука. Период активной вегетации растений составляет 106–176 дней, а сумма температур выше 10 °C – 1600–2400, что ограничивает семенное размножение луковых культур. В последнее время растет спрос товаропроизводителей на посадочный материал шалота. Его возделывание по трудоемкости превышает обычный репчатый лук и требует определенных навыков в работе. По своим же пищевым показателям он всегда будет иметь спрос у потребителя. Цель работы – изучить вегетативный и семенной способы размножения лука шалота в условиях Кировской области. В статье обобщены результаты исследований с северной группой шалота за 2001–2020 годы, проведенные лабораторией северного овощеводства ВНИИО – филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО в Кировской области. Опыты закладывали на дерново-подзолистой, хорошо окультуренной почве, овощного севооборота. Погодные условия были разнообразными: от типичных для зоны – по большинству лет исследований, до аномально теплых, жарких и засушливых (2007, 2010 годы) и холодных, с обилием осадков (2006, 2019 годы). Рассмотрены основные этапы технологии производства лука шалота при вегетативном и семенном способах размножения: выбор оптимального типа почвы, предшественника, подготовка почвы, сроки, схемы, нормы посева и посадки, орошение, защита от вредителей, болезней и сорняков, уборка, хранение, сорта шалота, внесенные Государственный реестр селекционных достижений и рекомендованные для выращивания в северных условиях. На Северо-Востоке Европейской части страны выборок шалота получают в трехлетней культуре по схеме: отбор и охлаждение маточников; весенняя посадка маточников, получение семян; получение севка из семян; получение лука выборка из севка. Для выращивания в Северо-Восточной части Приволжского федерального округа рекомендованы к выращиванию сорта лука шалота Зубаревский и Братский. In the North-Eastern part of the Volga Federal District, vegetatively propagated forms of onions are traditionally grown. The period of active vegetation of plants is 106–176 days, and the sum of temperatures above 10 °C is 1600–2400, which limits the seed propagation of onion crops. Recently, the demand of commodity producers for shallot planting material has been growing. Its cultivation is more labor-intensive than ordinary onions and requires certain skills in the work. According to its own nutritional indicators, it will always have a demand from the consumer. The aim of the work is to study the vegetative and seed methods of propagation of shallots in the conditions of the Kirov region. The article summarizes the results of studies of the Northern group of the shallots over the years 2001–2020 conducted by the laboratory of the Northern ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC in the Kirov region. The experiments were laid on sod-podzolic, well-cultivated soil, in vegetable crop rotations. Weather conditions were varied: from typical for the zone-according to most years of research, to abnormally warm, hot and dry (2007, 2010) and cold, with an abundance of precipitation (2006, 2019). The main stages of shallot production technology for vegetative and seed propagation methods are considered: selection of the optimal soil type, precursor, soil preparation, timing, schemes, sowing and planting rates, irrigation, protection from pests, diseases and weeds, harvesting, storage, shallot varieties included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements and recommended for cultivation in northern conditions. In the North-East of the European part of the country, shallot samples are obtained in a three-year culture according to the scheme: selection and cooling of queen bees; spring planting of queen bees, obtaining seeds; getting a seed crop; Getting an onion sample from the seed crop. For cultivation in the North-Eastern part of the Volga Federal District, the varieties of shallots Zubarevsky and Bratsky are recommended for cultivation.

Application of biostimulants in tomato subjected to water deficit: Physiological, enzymatic and production responses

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of the biostimulants Seed+ and Crop+ on physiological and production variables and on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase - SOD and guaiacol peroxidase - POD) in tomato plants subjected to two soil water conditions. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a 2 x 2 x 6 factorial scheme, with two times of application of the biostimulants (flowering and fruiting), two soil water conditions (50 and 100% of soil water holding capacity) and six biostimulants (control treatment; Seed+; Seed+ + Crop+ 1x; Seed+ + Crop+ 2x; Crop+ 1x; + Crop+ 2x). The exprimental design was completely randomized, with four repetitions. The biostimulants Seed+ and Crop+ increased the quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), regardless of the time of application and water condition of the soil. The biostimulants Seed+ + Crop+ 2x and Crop+ 2x stood out in the pre-morning period, with an average Fv/Fm of 0.813, under the conditions tested. The highest SOD activity (372.12 U mg-1 of protein) was obtained with Crop+ 2x biostimulant in fruiting and under water deficit. For POD, when under water deficit, the best results were obtained with the biostimulants Seed+ + Crop+ 2x, Crop+ 1x and Crop+ 2x in flowering (810.94; 691.19 and 921.59 U mg-1 protein) and in fruiting (703.60; 800.00 and 972.62 U mg-1 protein). Thus, the use of Seed+ and Crop+ biostimulants can be an alternative to help mitigate the damage caused by water deficit in tomato crop.

Use of a reproduction practice by a whole ear in winter wheat primary seed farming

The article presents the results of field and laboratory studies from 2017 to 2020, on the basis of which a comprehensive assessment was given for the study of various sowing patterns (2, 3, 4, 5 ears/run.m with a width of interspaces of 45 cm) with a whole unfinished ear of winter soft wheat of the Lgovskaya 4 variety 4 in the nursery for testing offsprings of the first year in Kursk Region. It was found that when selecting whole ears by size, it is necessary to take into account the weight of grain in the ears, as the most variable feature. Inside the ear, a large density of plants was noted, which significantly reduced the nutritional area compared to the extreme plants in the ear. Plants inside the ear had similar conditions for nutrition and development in all sowing patterns. Extreme plants in the ear due to the larger food area were in better conditions. Productive bushiness decreased with thickening of crops with ears from 2.1 to 1.6 stems/plant. The density of the cenosis and yield, on the contrary, increased by 85% and 60.4%, respectively. The best conditions for the formation of a full-value seed crop were developed at 4 ears/lin.m, since maximum indicators were noted: the survival rate of plants from the ears was 84.1%, the yield of conditioned seeds was 93%, the germination energy was 95%, the smallest number of rejected families was 19%. The use of a compacted sowing pattern of 4 ears/lin.m in the first-year offspring testing nursery increased seed yield by 75% compared to the control.

Ethephon Reduces Lodging and Enhances Seed Yield and Quality in Onion

Onion is an important vegetable crop grown in almost all parts of the World as a flavouring agent in food preparation. It is propagated by seeds and the seed crop is affected by several fungal, viral and bacterial diseases which cause lodging and reduces the seed yield and quality. Onion seed crop was sprayed with different concentration of ethephon (0, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ppm) for two duration at 45 or 45+60 days after planting during (DAP) during 2018-19 and 2019-20 rabi seasons. The effect of ethephon on seed yield and seed quality was studied. In comparison to control ethephon application significantly reduced scape length and % lodging by 38.73% and 42.52% respectively. There was 31.90% and 89% enhancement in scape diameter and yield respectively. Ethephon spray also enhanced seed quality, highest germination and seed vigour was recorded in plants sprayed with 600 ppm ethephon at 45 and 60 DAP which was 19% and 51.65% higher than control. Highest seedling dry weight was observed in plants sprayed with 100 ppm ethephon at 45 DAP. Among the treatments, 100 and 200 ppm ethephon applied at 45 DAP had lower lodging and higher seed yield and seed quality. Hence spraying of onion seed crop with 100 ppm ethephon at 45 DAP is beneficial for getting higher seed yield and quality.

Effect of pulse sprout spray as a foliar nutrition to enhance seed yield and quality in barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea l.)

Millets are rich in valuable nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fibre, minerals and vitamins. The uninterrupted and disproportionate use of chemical fertilizers over a longer period has resulted in deterioration of soil health and reduced yield. Foliar spray is a very easy way to supply valuable nutrients to plants. With this background, an experiment was conducted to see the effect of pulse sprout extract spray as a foliar spray on the seed crop Barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea L.). The seed crop given foliar treatment with 2% horse gram pulse sprout extract spray recorded higher growth attributes namely plant height (172.8 cm), total chlorophyll content (1.560 mg/g) and yield attributes viz., seed yield per plant (26.5 g), seed yield per plot (2.54 kg), seed yield per hectare (2506 kg), 1000 seed weight (3.28 g), quality parameters viz., germination (89%), vigour index (2461) and biochemical parameters of resultant seeds in both kharif and rabi seasons. The crop given with foliar nutrition of 2% horse gram sprout extract spray showed a low number of days to flower initiation (45 days) and 50% flowering (54 days) when compared to control followed by 2% cowpea sprout extract. Hence it was hypothesized that application of the nutrient extract from the sprouted pulses in the form of foliar spray would enable better crop growth and productivity of Barnyard millet.