scholarly journals Legumes for South Island tussock grassland environments - an evaluation of plant survival and growth at some inland Otago and Canterbury trials

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
B. Wills ◽  
K. Trainor ◽  
D. Scott
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Lupinus Polyphyllus ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Coronilla Varia ◽  
Tussock Grassland ◽  
Survival And Growth

Many legumes have been trialled for establishment, persistence and productivity in the tussock grassland region of the South Island, New Zealand. This paper presents information on long-term persistence and growth based on a survey of surviving legume species from 45 previous plant accession trials, established over a range of sites and environments (predominantly dryland) throughout Otago and Canterbury. Sites were visited in January/February 2003 and identified plants were visually scored for several growth-related parameters. Most sites were open to stock grazing and all were affected by drought during the current growing season. Of the legume species that seed is not commercially available for in New Zealand, the most persistent and vigorous were: Lupinus polyphyllus, Trifolium medium, Coronilla varia, Dorycnium hirsutum, Melilotus alba and M. officinalis, Astragalus falcatus, T. canescens, D. pentaphyllum, and A. cicer. These plants may usefully supplement tussock grassland vegetation under environmental and management conditions including periodic drought and the moderate to light grazing experienced at most of the trial sites visited. This paper reviews growth and survival of those legumes, and provides a guide to species with potential for revegetation in dryland and semi-arid environments that warrant further research into site x management interactions and possibly commercial development. Key words: legume persistence, Otago/Canterbury, revegetation, tussock grassland

The rise to dominance over two decades of Lupinus polyphyllus among pasture mixtures in tussock grassland trials

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
D. Scott
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Lupinus Polyphyllus ◽  
Tussock Grassland

Abstract In two trials near Lake Tekapo, one started from sown binary mixtures of 14 different legumes, of which Lupinus polyphyllus was one, was cross sown with 16 different grasses, while in the other trial L. polyphyllus and Trifolium hybridum were over-drilled across established swards of previous 25 different grass and legume species. In both L. polyphyllus persisted, increased and spread by seeding in the presence of repeated mob grazing by sheep to become the dominant species over two decades. Keywords: New Zealand, rangeland pasture development, Lupinus polyphyllus, Bromus inermis.

scholarly journals Seedling establishment characteristics of alternative legume species in tussock grassland environments

1992 ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
W.L. Lowther ◽  
Heather N. Patrick
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Coronilla Varia ◽  
Tussock Grassland ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
New Cultivars

Four alternative legume species, Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum), zigzag clover (T. medium), crown vetch (Coronilla varia), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), were compared with white clover (T. repens) on four tussock grassland sites. Seed was inoculated and pelleted, and then oversown at a rate equivalent to 5 kg/ha viable seed. Germination, nodulation and survival of white clover, Monaro Caucasian clover, and zigzag clover were similar on the two lowest sites (600 and 830 m). However, low rates of zigzag clover germination occurred on the two higher sites (1090 and 1100 m). Germination of crown vetch appeared to be prevented or delayed by the low temperatures, and no plants established on any site. Low nodulation occurred in Treeline Caucasian clover and birdsfoot trefoil. Further research is required to select more suitable strains of rhizobia for both these legumes. The results provide information for estimating likely plant densities of these new cultivars when oversown in tussock grassland environments. Keywords Coronifla varia, establishment, germination, inoculation, Lotus corniculatus, nodulation, Trifoliumambiguum, Trifolium medium, Trifolium repens

Long-term survival and reproductive success of New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) treated with ivermectin as pups

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 660 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Michael ◽  
B. L. Chilvers ◽  
W. D. Roe ◽  
B. D. Gartrell
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Juvenile Survival ◽  
Sea Lion ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Phocarctos Hookeri

Context Hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) are a common parasite of neonatal fur seals and sea lions around the world and may contribute to decreased pup growth and survival. Removal of these parasitic burdens by administration of the anthelmintic ivermectin has been trialled in New Zealand (NZ) sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri) pups at Sandy Bay, Enderby Island, with initial benefits in growth and survival reported. Long-term effects, however, are not known. Aims To determine the impact of ivermectin treatment administered in the first month of life, on long-term survival and fecundity in a sample of NZ sea lion pups. Methods For a sample of treated and control pups born between 2002 and 2004, resighting data to 2012 was assessed with the Cox proportional hazards analysis to evaluate survival to maturity and fecundity. Key results Sample size was a limiting factor as juvenile survival was very low, but a trend of improved survival was observed in the ivermectin-treated group. Year of birth was significant due to the effects of a bacterial epizootic in the first year of the trial. Reproductive rate was not significantly different between groups. Conclusions The effect of disease and parasitism on the survival of NZ sea lions is apparent, contributing to early pup mortality, with potentially wider-ranging implications for juvenile survival and beyond. Implications Further research is warranted to investigate anthelmintic treatment of NZ sea lion pups as a safe and effective management tool to improve survival and recruitment in declining populations.

Farmed red deer home range, habitat use and daily movement patterns in a Southland, New Zealand, tussock grassland over calving and lactation

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
A. J. Wall ◽  
G. W. Asher ◽  
M. S. Netzer ◽  
M. G. H. Johnson ◽  
K. T. O'Neill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Daily Movement ◽  
Tussock Grassland ◽  
Potential Methods

Considerable expansion of red deer farming has occurred in the South Island high country of New Zealand. On these farms, breeding hinds are usually continuously grazed (set-stocked) at low population densities in large highly modified native-tussock grassland paddocks during their calving and lactation seasons. The present study determined how these hinds use the tussock grassland over this critical period, identifying the most essential resources for them and also some potential long-term consequences of their behaviour on the grassland ecosystem. This was achieved by tracking nine GPS-collared hinds over 2 years on a high-country deer farm in Te Anau, Southland, New Zealand. The home ranges of the GPS-tracked hinds varied widely, occupying between 15% and 52% of the total paddock area. Vegetation dominated by naturalised exotic pasture species covered the greatest proportion (>60%) of eight of nine hind home ranges. In contrast, tussock-dominant vegetation coverage was far more variable (0.4–46%), with several indicators suggesting that this vegetation type was used as a substitute for pasture areas under high intra-specific competition among the deer. Both pasture- and tussock-dominant vegetation was used in proportion to its availability. In contrast, shrub-dominated vegetation was used less than its proportional availability, indicating that it was not being put under as much foraging or grazing pressure. This has implications for the further ingression of this vegetation type over time. There was also clear evidence that certain paddock topography was being favoured by the hinds, namely steeper and higher-altitude areas of a paddock. On the basis of these findings, some potential methods for aiding in the management of these extensive tussock grassland paddocks under deer grazing are suggested.

Evaluation of Four Practical Diets on the Growth and Survival of Juvenile Redclaw, Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1868)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Damian P. Rigg ◽  
Robert L. Courtney ◽  
Jamie E, Seymour ◽  
Clive M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract Redclaw, Cherax quadricariatus (von Martens) has shown promise as an aquaculture species but commercial development has been constrained by variability of production, perhaps due to poor survival and growth of early craylings. Diet contributes to survival and growth and previous studies have determined requirements for larger redclaw, but little research exists for the early craylings. An experiment was performed to evaluate survival and growth of early instar redclaw using four diets; Frippak (commercial shrimp diet), CSIRO compound diet, bloodworms, and on-grown Artemia. Bloodworms and Artemia produced significantly higher survival of craylings over two weeks than the two other diets. Artemia diet had a significantly higher weight increase than bloodworms or the CSIRO diet, but not Frippak, which did not differ from bloodworms or CSIRO. Biomass was significantly higher when fed Artemia. High mortality in the Frippak and CSIRO diet treatments were not wholly attributable to nutritional deficiencies as the manufactured diets became less physically accessible, potentially reducing intake, leading to difficulties completing ecdysis and eventually death. This study concluded that Artemia and bloodworms promoted highest survival, and Artemia and Frippak the highest weight gain. The best combination of survival, weight gain and biomass was with the Artemia diet.

Survival and Growth Potential of Aeromonas hydrophila in Reconditioned Pork-Processing-Plant Water†

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 881-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMUEL A. PALUMBO ◽  
JEFFREY CALL ◽  
BINH HUYNH ◽  
JOSEPH FANELLI
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Survival And Growth

The growth and survival of Aeromonas hydrophila K144 was studied in reconditioned pork-processing-plant water. Neutralization of residual chlorine by thiosulfate permitted growth and long-term survival of the bacterium at temperatures ranging from 5 to 28°C; growth was also observed at 37 and 42°C but survival times were shorter. The coliform growth response, a bioassay system to measure the amount of nutrients available for microbial growth, for the reconditioned water was 2.91 ± 0.61, which agreed with our observation that this water contained sufficient nutrients to support about 3 log units of growth of A. hydrophila. Our results indicate that residual chlorine levels are necessary to prevent the growth of any A. hydrophila which might contaminate reconditioned water.

Consumer Awareness, Consumer Protection, Service Quality and Loyalty: The Case of Long-term Insurance Consumers in Namibia

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 172-189
Author(s):  
Magreth B Tjizumaue ◽  
Krishna Govender
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Consumer Awareness ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Term Insurance ◽  
Protection Legislation

Due to the absence of appropriate Consumer Protection legislation in Namibia, there seems to be a lack of consumer protection, which may result in consumers being exploited. Since the literature reveals that Consumer Awareness, Consumer Protection, Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction influence Customer Loyalty, the aforementioned relationship was explored among consumers of long-term insurance products in Namibia. The researcher embedded the study in the Services Marketing and User’s Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction theory and developed a framework for creating a more aware consumer and thus contribute to the growth and survival of the long-term insurance industry in Namibia.  A survey was conducted using a questionnaire, among a judgmental sample of 407 long-term insurance consumers in Namibia and Structural Equation Modelling was used to analyse (eight) hypothesized relationships among the research constructs alluded to in the title of this study. In summary, it was ascertained that if the customers are fully aware (have sufficient knowledge of the products and their consumer rights), they will feel protected against unfair business practices. Furthermore, if they perceive having received quality services, they are more likely to be satisfied with the service provider and will therefore, remain loyal.

Plant mortality and seedling recruitment responses to flupropanate in grassland populations of Nassella trichotoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.W. Bourdôt ◽  
S. Jackman ◽  
D.J. Saville
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Bio Synthesis

Flupropanate (sodium 2,2,3,3 tetrafluoropropanate), a slow-acting lipid bio- synthesis-inhibiting herbicide, was recently registered in New Zealand as Taskforce (745 g/L flupropanate as the sodium salt) for the selective and long-term control of Nassella trichotoma (nassella tussock) in pastures. In five dose-response experiments in permanent hill pastures in Canterbury, conducted between 2012 and 2016, we measured the efficacy of the herbicide against established plants of N. trichotoma and its residual activity against recruiting seedlings. Mortality, as an average across the five sites, was 93% 1.5 years after applying 1.49 kg flupropanate/ha (the label-recommended rate), and 100% at 2.98 kg/ha. This indicates that an application rate higher than the label rate will be necessary for complete control of a N. trichotoma infestation. The presence of 1,000 and 6,250 visible seedlings of N. trichotoma/ha in the autumn 3.2 and 2.1 years after applying 1.49 kg flupropanate/ha (at a Greta Valley and Scargill site respectively) indicates that the herbicide’s soil residues had decayed within 12 months to a concentration lower than necessary to kill the germinating seedlings of N. trichotoma.

Co-Design and Open Trial of Starship Rescue, a Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Biofeedback, and Game-Based eHealth Intervention to Treat Anxiety in Children and Young People with Long-Term Physical Conditions (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiran Thabrew ◽  
Karolina Stasiak ◽  
Harshali Kumar ◽  
Tarique Naseem ◽  
Christopher Frampton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Young People ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
System Usability Scale ◽  
Ehealth Intervention

BACKGROUND Approximately 10% to 12% of New Zealand children and young people have long-term physical conditions (also known as chronic illnesses) and are more likely to develop psychological problems, particularly anxiety and depression. Delayed treatment leads to worse physical and mental healthcare, school absence, and poorer long-term outcomes. Recently, electronic health (eHealth) interventions, especially those based on the principles of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), have been shown to be as good as face-to-face therapy. Biofeedback techniques have also been shown to enhance relaxation during the treatment of anxiety. However, these modalities have rarely been combined. Young people with long-term physical conditions have expressed a preference for well-designed and technologically-based support to deal with psychological issues, especially anxiety. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to co-design and evaluate the (i) acceptability and (ii) usability of a CBT and biofeedback-based, 5-module eHealth game called ‘Starship Rescue’ and (iii) to provide preliminary evidence regarding its effectiveness in addressing anxiety and quality of life in young people with long-term physical conditions. METHODS Starship Rescue was co-designed with children and young people from a tertiary hospital in Auckland, New Zealand. Following this, 24 young people aged 10 to 17 years were enrolled in an open trial, during which they were asked to use the game for an 8-week period. Acceptability of the game to all participants was assessed using a brief, open-ended questionnaire, and more detailed feedback was obtained from a subset of 10 participants via semi-structured interviews. Usability was evaluated via the System Usability Scale (SUS) and device-recorded frequency and duration of access on completion of the game. Anxiety levels were measured prior to commencement, on completion of the game, and 3 months later using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) and Spence Child Anxiety Scales (SCAS), and at the start of each module and at the end of the game using an embedded Likert/visual analog scale. Quality of life was measured prior to commencement and on completion of the game using the Pediatric Quality of Life Scale (PEDS-QL). RESULTS Users gave Starship Rescue an overall rating of 5.9 out of 10 (range 3-10 and a mean score of 71 out of 100 (SD 11.7; min 47.5; max 90) on the System Usability Scale (SUS). The mean time period for use of the game was just over 11-weeks (78.8 days, 13.5 hours, 40 minutes). Significant reductions in anxiety were noted between the start and end of the game on the GAD-7 (-4.6 (p=0.000)), SCAS (-9.6 (p=0.005)), and the Likert/visual analogue scales (-2.4 (p=0.001)). Quality of life also improved on the PedsQL scale (+4.3 (p=0.042)). All changes were sustained at 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary evidence for Starship Rescue being an acceptable, usable and effective eHealth intervention for addressing anxiety in young people with long-term physical conditions. Further evaluation is planned via a more formal randomized controlled trial. CLINICALTRIAL Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Network Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12616001253493p;https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371443 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6sYB716lf)

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