scholarly journals IVAN HNATIUK’S POETIC TRILOGY IN THE EARLY 1990S: WHY DIDN’T UKRAINE HEAR THE PROPHET OF THE ‘NEW CHRONOLOGY’?

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Nadiia Koloshuk
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Soviet Literature ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
Wrath Of God

The poetry books by I. Hnatiuk, edited in independent Ukraine, are especially valuable due to the first publication of his poems written in prison. He appeared in front of the reader in his true poetic self, without distortion of censorship, only in the 1990s — in a kind of poetical trilogy beginning with the collection “New calculus of time” (Kyiv, 1990). Three poetry books from the early 1990s — “New calculus of time”, “Via Dolorosa” and “True Revenge” — contain the restored early lyrics and poems of the author prisoner. I. Hnatiuk introduced into Ukrainian poetry the topics and issues related to the crimes of Stalin’s tyranny, the national resistance movement, and the threats of imperial aggression from Moscow in the time of Ukrainian independence. Hnatiuk never announced any prophecies of the expected ‘happy future’ in the new Ukraine, although the collections had a distinct prophetic orientation. The poems of the 1980s and 1990s were also presented, including the cycles brought to life by the Chornobyl disaster. The poet perceived the man-made environmental catastrophe as the last ‘wrath of God’, ‘the deadly tornado’ of the atomic Apocalypse. The evident journalistic component of the three-volume collection requires deeper reading and study in the context of the post-Soviet literature. Based on the classical poetic means and great verse epic forms, the poet created a new expressive type of the lyrical character — the persistent and uncompromising martyr of the Soviet concentration camp. According to the author of the paper, the unsubstantiated evaluations of Hnatiuk’s works as graphomania can be easily refuted by examples of his unique mastery and free command of the word.

Michel Borwicz: między Polską a Francją, między literaturą a historią

2017 ◽  
pp. 260-274
Author(s):  
Judith Lyon-Caen
Keyword(s):  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Writing Practices ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
Pioneer Study ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Resistance Movement

Michał Borwicz was a Polish poet, prose writer, and a publicist of Jewish origins. During the Nazi occupation he was resettled to the Lvov getto, and in the years 1942–1943 he was imprisoned in the Janowska concentration camp. He managed to escape and next he was active in the resistance movement. After the war as a director of the Jewish Historical Commission in Kraków he tried to collect and publish testimonies of the Holocaust survivors. In 1947 he decided to emigrate to France. In 1953 Borwicz defended his doctoral dissertation at the Sorbonne. The dissertation was published the same year. It presents writings of people “condemned to death” under Nazi occupation, and is considered a pioneer study of literature and writing practices in the camps and ghettos. Unfortunately the singularity of the author and the strength of his work are still underestimated.

scholarly journals A NETWORK OF OUN(B) MEMBERS' RESISTANCE IMPRISONED IN THE AUSCHWITZ CONCENTRATION CAMP: AN EXAMPLE OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF SURVIVAL TACTICS INTO RESISTANCE TACTICS BASED ON THE EXPERIENCE OF UNDERGROUND CONFRONTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 108-123
Author(s):  
Olesia ISAIUK
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Political Prisoners ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Psychological Model ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Household Decisions ◽  
Modus Vivendi ◽  
Moral Factor ◽  
Resistance Movement

The article discusses the formation of resistance tactics built by members of the OUN(B) prisoners in the Auschwitz concentration camp with the active involvement of a psychological and moral factor in the context of looking at the problem of B. Bettelheim and V. Frankl. The theoretical models of both researchers, partly formed based on their own experience as political prisoners of the Nazi concentration camps, emphasize the significant role in the effectiveness of the survival model of preserving the autonomy of thinking, the ability to build reality models alternative to the positions of the regime and maintain motivation, based on the aim, the main condition for which is to get out of the concentration camp. A number of daily activities and routines are also offered to support this psychological model. Long before the probable detention in the concentration camp, a sort of modus vivendi was formed in the OUN(B) based on the usual OUN clandestine tactics and moral and psychological requirements for members of the Organization, which included most of the necessary elements of survival tactics, developed by Bettelheim. One from the most important elements of its was ability of own system of views spreading to another prisoners, what served as the first phase of transformation into wide resistance movement. This leads to an analysis of the mechanisms of resistance of OUN(B) members in Auschwitz, compared to their pre-prisoner tactics and comparison between internal requirements for OUN members and Bettelheim’s survival complex. Keywords: survival tactics, resistance tactics, monopoly on household decisions, OUN(B), Bandera Group, Auschwitz, concentration camp.

Fighting Auschwitz: The Resistance Movement in the Concentration Camp

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1168
Author(s):  
David S. Wyman ◽  
Jozef Garlinski
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Resistance Movement

Post-traumatic stress disorder and major depression among Italian Nazi concentration camp survivors: a controlled study 50 years later

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. FAVARO ◽  
F. C. RODELLA ◽  
G. COLOMBO ◽  
P. SANTONASTASO
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Resistance Movement

Background. The study aimed to assess the current and lifetime rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression (MDD) among Nazi concentration camps survivors.Methods. We investigated 51 Italian political deportees and 47 Resistance Movement veterans who reported traumatic experiences during active service. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV was used to assess the presence of PTSD and MDD. The Dissociative Experiences Scale and the shorter version of the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist were also administered.Results. The lifetime rates of PTSD and MDD were 35·3% and 45·1% respectively among deportees and 4·3% and 6·4% among former partisans. The current rates for PTSD and MDD were 25·5% and 33·3% among deportees and 4·3% and 4·3% among former partisans. Dissociative symptoms were more severe among deportees than among Resistance movement veterans.Conclusions. Concentration camp internment, even for political reasons, appears to have severe long-term psychiatric consequences.

Beckett's Watt and Monastic Tradition

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-109
Author(s):  
Kristen Marangoni
Keyword(s):  
Boarding School ◽  
Illuminated Manuscripts ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Geometric Shapes ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Book Of Kells ◽  
The Face ◽  
Choral Arrangements ◽  
Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts

The enigmatic setting of Beckett's novel Watt has been compared to places as diverse as an insane asylum, a boarding school, a womb, and a concentration camp. Watt's experience at Knott's house does seem suggestive of all of these, and yet it may more readily conform to the setting of a monastery. The novel is filled with chants, meditations, choral arrangements, hierarchical classifications, and even silence, all highly evocative of a monastic lifestyle. Some of Watt's dialogue (such as his requests for forgiveness or reflections on the nature of mankind) further echoes various Catholic liturgies. Watt finds little solace in these activities, however. He feels that they are largely rote and purposeless as they are focused on Knott, a figure who in many ways defies linguistic description and physical know-ability. Watt's meditations and rituals become, then, empty catechisms without answers, something that is reflected in the extreme difficulty that Watt has communicating. In the face of linguistic and liturgical instability, the Watt notebooks present a counter reading that can be found in the thousand plus doodles that line its pages. The drawings reinforce as well as subvert their textual counterpart, and they function in many ways as the images in medieval illuminated manuscripts. The doodles in Watt often take the form of decorative letters, elaborate marginal drawings, and depictions of a variety of people and animals, and many of its doodles offer uncanny resemblances in form or theme to those in illuminated manuscripts like The Book of Kells. Doodles of saints, monks, crosses, and scribes even give an occasional pictorial nod to the monastic setting in which illuminated manuscripts were usually produced (and remind us of the monastic conditions in which Beckett found himself writing much of Watt). Beckett's doodles not only channel this medium of illuminated manuscripts, they also modernize its application. Instead of neat geometric shapes extending down the page, his geometric doodle sequences are often abstracted, fragmented, and nonlinear. Beckett also occasionally modernized the content of illuminated manuscripts: instead of the traditional sacramental communion table filled with candles, bread and wine, Beckett doodles a science lab table where Bunsen burners replaces candles and wine glasses function as beakers. It is through these modernized images that Watt attempts to draw contemporary relevance from a classic art form and to restore (at least partial) meaning to rote traditions.

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