scholarly journals A NETWORK OF OUN(B) MEMBERS' RESISTANCE IMPRISONED IN THE AUSCHWITZ CONCENTRATION CAMP: AN EXAMPLE OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF SURVIVAL TACTICS INTO RESISTANCE TACTICS BASED ON THE EXPERIENCE OF UNDERGROUND CONFRONTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 108-123
Author(s):  
Olesia ISAIUK
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Political Prisoners ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Psychological Model ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Household Decisions ◽  
Modus Vivendi ◽  
Moral Factor ◽  
Resistance Movement

The article discusses the formation of resistance tactics built by members of the OUN(B) prisoners in the Auschwitz concentration camp with the active involvement of a psychological and moral factor in the context of looking at the problem of B. Bettelheim and V. Frankl. The theoretical models of both researchers, partly formed based on their own experience as political prisoners of the Nazi concentration camps, emphasize the significant role in the effectiveness of the survival model of preserving the autonomy of thinking, the ability to build reality models alternative to the positions of the regime and maintain motivation, based on the aim, the main condition for which is to get out of the concentration camp. A number of daily activities and routines are also offered to support this psychological model. Long before the probable detention in the concentration camp, a sort of modus vivendi was formed in the OUN(B) based on the usual OUN clandestine tactics and moral and psychological requirements for members of the Organization, which included most of the necessary elements of survival tactics, developed by Bettelheim. One from the most important elements of its was ability of own system of views spreading to another prisoners, what served as the first phase of transformation into wide resistance movement. This leads to an analysis of the mechanisms of resistance of OUN(B) members in Auschwitz, compared to their pre-prisoner tactics and comparison between internal requirements for OUN members and Bettelheim’s survival complex. Keywords: survival tactics, resistance tactics, monopoly on household decisions, OUN(B), Bandera Group, Auschwitz, concentration camp.

Concentration Camp Memorials

2021 ◽  
pp. 192-250
Author(s):  
Martha Sprigge
Keyword(s):  
Political Prisoners ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Musical Activity ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Memorial Sites

Concentration camps were a central part of East Germany’s commemorative politics. National antifascist memorials opened at three former concentration camps between 1958 and 1961. The narrative visitors encountered at these memorial sites valorized the camps political prisoners and devoted little—if any—attention to other victims of the Holocaust. Running corollary to these antifascist memorials were efforts to memorialize political victims of the camps in music. This chapter considers two forms of musical activity involved in concentration camp remembrance: collecting songs from the camps as part of the nation’s antifascist heritage, and composing new works about the Holocaust. Both forms of musical activity involved engaging with the memorial traces and spaces of the camps, which inadvertently facilitated more complicated narratives of the Nazi genocide to be voiced in music.

scholarly journals POLITIK PEMUSNAHAN DAN PEMUSNAHAN POLITIK : Telaah Kritis Atas Konsep Hannah Arendt Tentang Totalitarisme

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Mathias Daven
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Hannah Arendt ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Total Domination ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Totalitarian Regime

If we wish to understand a totalitarian system as a whole, we need first to understand the central role of the concentration camp as a laboratorium to experiment in total domination. Arendt’s analysis of totalitarianism in the twentieth century shows how a totalitarian regime cannot survive without terror; and terror will not be effective without concentration camps. Experiments in concentration camps had as their purpose, apart from wiping out any freedom or spontaneity, the abolishing of space between human beings, abolishing space for politics. Thus, totalitarianism did not mirror only the politics of extinction, but also the extinction of politics. As a way forward, Arendt analyses political theory that forces the reader to understand power no longer under the rubric of domination or violence – although this avenue is open – but rather under the rubric of freedom. Arendt is convinced that the life of a destroyed nation can be restored by mutual forgiveness and mutual promises, two abilities rooted in action. Political action, as with other acts, is identical with the ability to commence something new. Keywords: Totalitarisme, antisemitisme, imperialisme, dominasi, teror, kebebasan, kedaulatan, kamp konsentrasi, politik, ideologi, tindakan

scholarly journals The world of concentration camp in Nazi Germany. The main features of the phenomenology of the unknown

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Boris Grigor'evich Yakemenko
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Difficult Area

The system of concentration camps of Nazism, despite the abundance of special literature on this topic, is a phenomenon that only today historical science begins to reveal to itself. The inner world of the prisoners in the camps, the mental, psychological and physical conditions in which the prisoners found themselves, was and remains a particularly difficult area for researchers. This is due to the fact that one of the most difficult problems faced by the researcher of the phenomenology of the Concentration world is directly the problem of understanding this phenomenon. Is it possible to understand this phenomenology, and if so, to what extent? The article attempts to answer this question based on the consideration of the various conditions of the prisoner in the camp.

An Answer to a Question that Cannot Be Answered: A Pragmatist Approach to Viktor Frankl’s and Primo Levi’s Theoretical Perspectives on Humor

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Jarno Hietalahti
Keyword(s):  
Human Condition ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Future ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
Pragmatist Philosophy ◽  
The Human Condition

Abstract This article offers a pragmatist approach to concentration camp humor, in particular, to Viktor Frankl’s and Primo Levi’s conceptualizations of humor. They both show how humor does not vanish even in the worst imaginable circumstances. Despite this similarity, it will be argued that their intellectual positions on humor differ significantly. The main difference between the two authors is that according to Frankl, humor is elevating in the middle of suffering, and according to Levi, humor expresses the absurdity of the idea of concentration camps, but this is not necessarily a noble reaction. Through a critical synthesis based on pragmatist philosophy, it will be claimed that humor in concentration camps expresses the human condition in the entirely twisted situation. This phenomenon cannot be understood without considering forms of life, how drastic the changes from the past were, and what people expected from the future, if anything.

Suicide in Nazi Concentration Camps, 1933-9

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Goeschel
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
And Control ◽  
Good And Evil

Too often histories of the concentration camps tend to be ignorant of the wider political context of nazi repression and control. This article tries to overcome this problem. Combining legal, social and political history, it contributes to a more thorough understanding of the changing relationship between the camps as places of extra-legal terror and the judiciary, between nazi terror and the law. It argues that the conflict between the judiciary and the SS was not a conflict between ‘good’ and ‘evil’, as existing accounts claim. Rather, it was a power struggle for jurisdiction over the camps. Concentration camp authorities covered up the murders of prisoners as suicides to prevent judicial investigations. This article also looks at actual suicides in the pre-war camps, to highlight individual inmates’ reactions to life within the camps. The article concludes that the history of the concentration camps needs to be firmly integrated into the history of nazi terror and the Third Reich.

scholarly journals Concentration Camp Rituals

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Basic
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
World War ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Interaction Rituals ◽  
Bosnian War ◽  
Second World

In the German camps during the Second World War, the aim was to kill from a distance, and the camps were highly efficient in their operations. Previous studies have thus analyzed the industrialized killing and the victims’ survival strategies. Researchers have emphasized the importance of narratives but they have not focused on narratives about camp rituals or analyzed postwar interviews as a continued resistance and defense of one’s self. This article tries to fill this gap by analyzing stories told by former detainees in concentration camps in the Bosnian war during the 1990s. This article aims to describe a set of recounted interaction rituals as well as to identify how these rituals are dramatized in interviews. The retold stories of humiliation and power in the camps indicate that there was little space for individuality and preservation of self. Nevertheless, the detainees seem to have been able to generate some room for resistance, and this seems to have granted them a sense of honor and self-esteem, not least after the war. Their narratives today represent a form of continued resistance.

scholarly journals Scandinavian Neuroscience during the Nazi Era

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kondziella ◽  
Klaus Hansen ◽  
Lawrence A. Zeidman
Keyword(s):  
High Ratio ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Racial Hygiene ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
Nazi Era

AbstractAlthough Scandinavian neuroscience has a proud history, its status during the Nazi era has been overlooked. In fact, prominent neuroscientists in German-occupied Denmark and Norway, as well as in neutral Sweden, were directly affected. Mogens Fog, Poul Thygesen (Denmark) and Haakon Sæthre (Norway) were resistance fighters, tortured by the Gestapo: Thygesen was imprisoned in concentration camps and Sæthre executed. Jan Jansen (Norway), another neuroscientist resistor, escaped to Sweden, returning under disguise to continue fighting. Fritz Buchthal (Denmark) was one of almost 8000 Jews escaping deportation by fleeing from Copenhagen to Sweden. In contrast, Carl Værnet (Denmark) became a collaborator, conducting inhuman experiments in Buchenwald concentration camp, and Herman Lundborg (Sweden) and Thorleif Østrem (Norway) advanced racial hygiene in order to maintain the “superior genetic pool of the Nordic race.” Compared to other Nazi-occupied countries, there was a high ratio of resistance fighters to collaborators and victims among the neuroscientists in Scandinavia.

scholarly journals Interpreting and translating in Nazi concentration camps during World War II

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Tryuk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Conflict Situation ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
World War ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Former Inmates

This article investigates translation and interpreting in a conflict situation with reference to the Nazi concentration camps during World War II. In particular, it examines the need for such services and the duties and the tasks the translators and the interpreters were forced to execute. It is based on archival material, in particular the recollections and the statements of former inmates collected in the archives of concentration camps. The ontological narratives are compared with the cinematic figure of Marta Weiss, a camp interpreter, as presented in the docudrama “Ostatni Etap”(“The last Stage”) of 1948 by the Polish director Wanda Jakubowska, herself a former prisoner of the concentration camp. The article contributes to the discussion on the role that translators and interpreters play in extreme and violent situations when the ethics of interpreting and translation loses its power and the generally accepted norms and standards are no longer applicable.

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