Taking sustainable rural water supply services to scale: where are the bottlenecks?

Waterlines ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Jennifer Davis ◽  
Param Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Water Supply Services

scholarly journals Critical Factors for the Success of Rural Water Supply Services in Brazil

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2180
Author(s):  
Anna V. M. Machado ◽  
João A. N. dos Santos ◽  
Norbertho da S. Quindeler ◽  
Lucas M. C. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Water Supply Services

The universalization of drinking water in rural communities poses a great challenge to developing countries, where rural areas often receive poor water service coverage and limited attention from authorities. This scenario is the current reality in Brazil. The community management model of rural water services has proven to be a noteworthy approach to ensure the continuity of water supply where private and public entities do not operate. However, its sustainability depends on several aspects. The authors of the current paper performed a thorough review of relevant publications in the rural sanitation field of study using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) methodology, which enabled the creation of a list of essential factors capable to ensure the sustainability of Rural Water Supply Services (RWSS). Using the Nominal Group Technique with a selection of participants from a national conference held in Brazil in 2015, specialists hierarchized the factors, demonstrating their perception of the most important aspects necessary in RWSS throughout Brazil. Consequently, the authors noticed the necessity of a strong enabling environment, which recognizes small communities and their local services. Water quality control, post-construction support and the existence of a financial scheme were also pointed out as important aspects to ensure RWSS’s sustainability.

scholarly journals Seasonal and Annual Rainfall Variability and Their Impact on Rural Water Supply Services in the Wami River Basin, Tanzania

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sekela Twisa ◽  
Manfred F. Buchroithner
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Water Supply Services

In some parts of Africa, rainfall variability has resulted in widespread droughts and floods, thus posing a substantial challenge to water availability in rural areas, especially drinking water. Therefore, due to increasing water demands, increases in the population, and economic development, water supply systems are under constant stress. One of the critical uncertainties surrounding the effects of rainfall variability in Africa is the significant impact that it imposes on rural water supply services. The present study analyzes the trends in annual and seasonal rainfall time series in the Wami River Basin to see if there have been any significant changes in the patterns during the period 1983–2017 and how they affect the access to water supply services in rural areas. The study analyzes the trends of rainfall series of three stations using simple regression, Mann–Kendal Test and Sen’s Slope Estimator. The water point mapping datasets were analyzed considering seasonal variation. The analysis showed a statistically significant positive trend in annual rainfall at Kongwa and March–April–May (MAM) seasonal rainfall at Dakawa. The maximum increase in annual rainfall occurred at Kongwa (5.3 mm year−1) and for MAM seasonal data at Dakawa (4.1 mm year−1). Water points were found to be significantly affected by seasonal changes, both in terms of availability and quality of water. There also exists a strong relationship between rural water services and seasons.

scholarly journals Assessment of sustainability of rural water supply services in Tanzania: the case study of Dodoma region

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lightness Eliamringi ◽  
Shija Kazumba
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Poor Water Quality ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Water Supply Services ◽  
Sustainability Indices

Rural water supply services in Tanzania are still inadequate. Despite the substantial resources invested to provide safe water, there is a significant number of water points that are non-functional. Knowledge of the degree of sustainability and the contributing factors for rural water supply projects is limited. This study employs the fuzzy set concept to assess the degree of sustainability of water points in seven Local Government Authorities (LGAs) of Dodoma region in Tanzania. Dodoma region lies in the semi-arid area of Tanzania where boreholes are the major sources of water supply. Due to limited information, four dimensions of sustainability of water projects were used in this study. These include water quantity from the water sources, water quality, institution setting with regard to community participation in meetings, and financing of the projects for operation and maintenance. The multidimensional sustainability indices of water points were determined. The results indicate that only two LGAs, of Bahi and Kondoa, have sustainable water points with sustainability indices of 0.86 and 0.83, respectively. Kongwa has the lowest sustainability index of 0.17 due to poor water quality and inadequate quantity of water from the boreholes.

Water for All (Har Ghar Jal): Rural Water Supply Services (RWSS) in India (2013–2018), Challenges and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-284
Author(s):  
Sriroop Chaudhuri ◽  
Mimi Roy ◽  
Louis M. McDonald ◽  
Yves Emendack
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
The Core ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Water Supply Services

Sustainable delivery of drinking water of adequate quantity/quality sits at the core of rural development paradigms worldwide. The overarching goal of this study was to assess operational performance of rural water supply services (RWSS) in India to help authorities understand challenges/shortfalls vis-à-vis opportunities. Data on habitation-level coverage, aggregated by states between 2013 and 2018, were obtained from the National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) database, against two water supply norms, namely, 40 lpcd and 55 lpcd (litres per capita per day). Results indicate that certain states are faring better (providing full coverage to over 90% habitations) while others are lagging (e.g., the north-eastern region, and Kerala and Karnataka in the South, for both norms). Several states yet fail to provide 55 lpcd to over half of their rural habitations. Overall, RWSS is marked by high spatial heterogeneity, inequality and recurrent slip-backs (decline in year-to-year habitation coverage) that thwart the basic motto of NRDWP— Har Ghar Jal (Water for All). Ground-level experience reveals a mismatch between theoretical systems’ output (40 lpcd and 55 lpcd) and on-site delivery, and highly intermittent services. Moreover, frequent scheme failure/abandonment adds to systems’ uncertainties and water users’ plight. A multitude of operational/organisational flaws, associated with government waterworks bodies, at different levels of systems’ hierarchy, limit RWSS operational performance. To that end, the concluding section argues for a demand-driven RWSS model (bottom-up systems’ governance) and highlights the core tenets of the same that call for integration of environmental, social, cultural, ethical and political perspectives in RWSS systems’ thinking/design.

Effects of multiple-use of water on users' livelihoods and sustainability of rural water supply services in Honduras

Waterlines ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stef Smits ◽  
Túpac Mejía ◽  
Senia Eben Rodríguez ◽  
Damián Suazo
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Water Supply Services

Lesotho makes strides in rural water supply

Waterlines ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Adrian Clark
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
Rural Water

Electromagnetic Profiling for Groundwater in Precambrian Basement Complex Areas of Nigeria

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Idowu Olayinka
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Complex Terrain ◽  
High Conductivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Precambrian Basement ◽  
Basement Complex ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
Well Yield ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Borehole Drilling

Ground electromagnetic profiling, using a Geonics EM34-3 instrument, has been employed to identify areas of high conductivity in a Precambrian basement complex terrain of Nigeria. Field examples, conducted as part of a rural water supply programme, are presented. They indicate that the apparent conductivities are generally lower than about 60 mmho m−1. Subsequent borehole drilling suggests a good correlation between high EM34 anomalies, deep weathering and high well yield (> 1 1 s−1). On the other hand, boreholes sited on conductivity lows penetrated a thinner regolith with relatively lower yields.

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