Physicochemical Parameters and Suitability for Irrigation of Groundwater Resources from Biskra Area (Southeastern Algeria)

This study is part of the more general framework for diagnosis of the quality of water resources in the Biskra area and its suitability for irrigation. This work reports the results of an analysis of physicochemical groundwater quality. Groundwater samples were collected from 12 boreholes in different aquifers exploited in the area, and used for drinking and domestic purposes. The results showed that the water of the limestone aquifer (Maastrichtian) is better than other aquifers (phreatic, Miopliocene, Lower Eocene). This affects more particularly the pH, conductivity (mineralization), total hardness, and concentration of the major elements. As far as the same aquifers (phreatic, Miopliocene, Lower Eocene), present water which classified mediocre highly mineralized for irrigation because EC > 2250 μS/cm (class 4). The Maastrichtian aquifer presents a poor water quality (class 3), according to the Riverside classification.

Estuarine zooplankton responses to flood pulses and a hypoxic blackwater event

Flood pulses in estuaries following storms and rainfall events, are short-lived but important moments for a range of ecosystem processes including the delivery of resources and promoting productivity. Conversely some flood pulses can lead to adverse outcomes such as poor water quality conditions. The aim of this study was to determine how zooplankton abundance and community composition responded to flood pulses and if they responded differently during a flood pulse that led to hypoxic conditions. To do this we conducted a two-year observational study in the Hunter River estuary, Australia, monitoring zooplankton communities monthly for a period that covered two major flood pulse events including one that caused widespread hypoxia and a major fish kill. The results showed zooplankton abundance was higher or no different following the 2012 flood when dissolved oxygen remained stable compared to pre-flood conditions. During the 2013 flood when hypoxia occurred the abundance of copepods, nauplii and rotifers were at their lowest for the study period. Zooplankton assemblages were not distinctly different following the 2012 flood pulse compared to the pre-flood period but were different during the hypoxic 2013 flood, though quickly returned to resemble pre-flood conditions in the proceeding months. The study provides useful insights in how zooplankton populations may respond to flood events and recover after hypoxic conditions in estuarine ecosystems.

System-wide approaches to mitigate environmental and health impacts of water contamination

There is an urgent need to address the challenges of inadequate safe water and proper sanitation in peri-urban communities in low-income countries. Agencies have tended to focus on a single aspect of the challenge for service delivery, which ultimately fails to capture the full scope of the problem. In this study, 63 household surveys and 15 key informant interviews were conducted in a peri-urban area of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, regarding water and sanitation issues. Results revealed that 87% of households experience water scarcity issues. More than 50% of the homes were surrounded by swampy areas with sewage and stagnant pools, with 40% reporting water source contamination due to seepage and overflowing of sewage collection systems. Key informants reported water scarcity and poor water quality due to poor sanitation practices and a compromised water supply network. We found that a highly integrated approach that invests in cultural, social, political, human, financial, and built community capitals is needed to address these challenges. To accomplish this, the community must feel empowered and believe that they have control over their situation in ways that will effectively protect their health.

Analysis of Water Chemistry Physics for Fish Cultivation Activities in The Tributary Komering River, Banyuasin District

Residents use the Komering tributary that flows through Pangkalan Gelebak Village in Banyuasin Regency for fish farming activities. Villagers tried to cultivate catfish and tilapia, but it did not work because they died. Water as a medium for fish farming activities is an important factor that must be considered. Water quality in waters can affect aquaculture activities and fish growth. The study was conducted to determine the water quality (physics and chemistry) in the Komering River tributary as a basis for the cultivation environment. The research was conducted in the Komering tributary of Pangkalan Gelebak Village, Banyuasin Regency, in September, October, and November 2019. The sampling point is determined using a purposive sampling method in four sampling points. The temperature measurements range from 27-32.7ºC, depth 0.4-9 m, brightness 0.2-1.1 m, and turbidity 12.62-69.2 NTU. Only the depth of the four physical parameters is unsuitable for cultivation activities. During the dry season, the water depth between the riverbed and cage nets does not reach 1m. Chemical parameter measurement results; dissolved oxygen 1.7 – 7 mg/l, pH 6.5 – 7, alkalinity 34 - 46 mg/l CaCO3, nitrate 0.892 - 2.278 mg/l, nitrite 0.032 - 0.217 mg/l, ammonia 0.02-0.398 mg/ l and ortho-phosphate 0.054-0.283 mg/l. The value of nitrate, ammonia, and orthophosphate indicated high values so than unsuitable for fish farming activities. Agricultural activities around creeks and domestic waste disposal are causes of poor water quality.

Application of IoT-based Technology in Vaname Shrimp Cultivation: A Systematic Literature

Vaname shrimp is one type of shrimp that the people of Indonesia widely cultivate. However, there are several problems in the failure of vaname shrimp production, including poor water quality during the maintenance period, especially in ponds. Based on the selection of inclusion and exclusion criteria and quality assessment, it was found that the use of technology in cultivation activities will help streamline time, energy, and human resources so that decision-making can be made faster. The technology used is limited to water quality monitoring, disease monitoring, and EMS. The methods used to create IoT-based technology are hardware devices, software tools, function tests, and user tests. The smaller the error value, the more accurate the data obtained.

Dynamics of the Condition of Reclaimed Agricultural Lands in the Russian Federation

Water reclamation contributes to a guaranteed increase in the yield of agricultural lands and can also negatively affect the quality of the land. Technical malfunction of reclamation systems, outdated reclamation technologies, poor water quality, and untimely drainage may result in such negative processes as resalting and bogging. In Russia, state monitoring of reclaimed lands is carried out annually and obtained data are used to identify soil degradation and pollution to fix the problems at the appropriate times. The Russian economic crisis at the end of the last century affected the state of the reclaimed lands. The authors have analyzed the reclamation state of agricultural lands in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the period between 2010 and 2020. The entities have been classified according to the reclamation state of lands located within their territories. The authors have evaluated the structural changes over the past decade and analyzed their causes. The research results can help solve the problems of federal and regional management of reclaimed lands. They are also applicable to solving the problems of choosing priority areas of investment policy to preserve soil fertility.

An Inertia Model for the Adoption of New Farming Practices

<p>Nutrient emissions from agricultural land are now widely recognized as one of the key contributors to poor water quality in local lakes, rivers and streams. Nutrient trading for non-point sources, including farm land, has been suggested as a regulatory tool to improve and protect water quality. However, farmers’ attitudes suggest that they are resistant to making the changes required under such a scheme where this requires them to adopt unfamiliar technologies and farm management practices. This study develops a model of farmers’ resistance to change and how this affects their adoption of new mitigation technologies under nutrient trading regulation. We specify resistance as a bound on the adoption of new technologies and allow this bound to relax as farmers’ resistance to change weakens.</p>

An Inertia Model for the Adoption of New Farming Practices

<p>Nutrient emissions from agricultural land are now widely recognized as one of the key contributors to poor water quality in local lakes, rivers and streams. Nutrient trading for non-point sources, including farm land, has been suggested as a regulatory tool to improve and protect water quality. However, farmers’ attitudes suggest that they are resistant to making the changes required under such a scheme where this requires them to adopt unfamiliar technologies and farm management practices. This study develops a model of farmers’ resistance to change and how this affects their adoption of new mitigation technologies under nutrient trading regulation. We specify resistance as a bound on the adoption of new technologies and allow this bound to relax as farmers’ resistance to change weakens.</p>

MORTALITY OF BLACK-BAND MYLEUS Myloplus Schomburgkii DUE TO POOR WATER QUALITY ASSOCIATED WITH OVERPOPULATION OF DUCKWEEDS IN A CULTURE POND IN THE PERUVIAN AMAZONIA

Ponds covered with duckweeds release nutrients rapidly, causing problems of eutrophication of the water which can reduce water clarity and quality, creating a hypoxic or anoxic ‘dead zone' lacking sufficient oxygen to support most organisms. In the present study, the sudden mortality of black-band myleus Myloplus schomburgkii Jardine, 1841 drove the investigate of factors that caused the death of the specimens registered in a fish pond in the Peruvian Amazon. After the tallying of dead fish, it was revealed that sixty individuals (75% of the total population) of M. schomburgkii had died. The taxonomic identification of the aquatic plant revealed the presence of “duckweeds” locally named in Peru as “lenteja de agua” Lemna minor distributed throughout the pond. Physical and chemical water parameters revealed low levels of oxygen, acid water, and high levels of nitrate and phosphate. Since duckweeds cannot be completely eliminated from waters that are conducive to its growth and require periodic harvesting to prevent matting, proper management strategies therefore become critical to guarantee good quality of water in the pond and avoid black-band myleus deaths due to imbalances in physical and chemical parameters.