The Religious Conversion Process Among the Sidāma of North-East Africa

Africa ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Hamer

AbstractThis article analyses the conversion process and the experiences of the Sidāma, in being proselytised by Protestant missionaries in an attempt to integrate them into the modernising Ethiopian state. The conversion process is considered in terms of reasons for accepting or rejecting the new religion. A minority of Sidāma are shown to have changed from old beliefs and practices, partly because of the ease of moral reinterpretation and secular incentives, but primarily because of dissatisfaction with reciprocal exchange relations with indigenous spirits and a desire to transcend the finality of death. In advancing this proposition it rejects the possibility of Sidāma beliefs as constituting a closed system of cosmology. Though Islam is also present in the region, for political and economic reasons it has been less attractive to prospective converts than Christianity.

Author(s):  
Nindyo Budi Kumoro

This paper tries to explain the relation between social-ecological change and the phenomenon of religious conversion in a minority group in Indonesia. The case study is the Dayak community religion in Central Kalimantan, Kaharingan, with 'world' or 'official' religions such as Christianity, Catholicism, or Islam. The study of Kaharingan in this paper is placed in the context of Kalimantan as an object of resource expansion with massive intensity by the global economic capitalist chain. Forest exploitation and local gold mining activity from outsiders urged Dayaks to participate in new economic patterns, which caused swidden cultivation to become inaccessible to villagers and began to slowly be abandoned. This has implications for the transformation of the Dayaks in perceiving their relationship with the natural environment, a relationship that was previously the basis of Kaharingan religious beliefs and practices. Based on my ethnographic research in the rural Dayak community upriver Katingan, this paper shows that the religious conversion from Kaharingan to a new religion is more driven by social and economic morals that emphasize individual-household relations rather than the communal-collective pattern as before. This paper also argues that although traditional beliefs have slowly been abandoned, the practice of Kaharingan ceremonies is still held intensively for different purposes.Keywords: Minority religion, socio-economic and ecological change, religious conversion Abstrak Artikel ini berupaya menunjukkan relasi perubahan sosial-ekologi dengan fenomena perpindahan agama pada kelompok minoritas di Indonesia. Studi kasus dalam tulisan ini adalah agama masyarakat Dayak Kalimantan Tengah, yakni Kaharingan, dengan agama ‘dunia’ atau ‘resmi’ seperti Kristen, Katolik, maupun Islam di sana. Kajian mengenai Kaharingan di sini diletakkan dalam konteks Kalimantan sebagai obyek dari ekspansi sumber daya dengan intensitas yang massif oleh rantai ekonomi kapitalisme global. Eksploitasi kayu maupun pertambangan lokal dari pihak luar mendorong orang Dayak turut berpartisipasi dalam pola ekonomi baru menggeser perladangan berpindah ke posisi yang tidak menguntungkan. Hal ini turut mendorong perubahan orang Dayak dalam memaknai relasi mereka dengan alam sekitar, relasi yang sebelumnya menjadi basis kepercayaan dan praktik agama Kaharingan. Dengan mendasarkan pada hasil riset etnografi pedesaan Dayak di hulu Sungai Katingan, tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa perpindahan agama dari Kaharingan ke agama baru lebih didorong oleh moral sosial dan ekonomi baru yang menekankan relasi individu-rumah tangga dari pada komunal-kolektif seperti sebelumnya. Tulisan ini juga ingin menunjukkan meskipun kepercayaan lama telah ditinggalkan, namun praktik upacara Kaharingan tetap digelar dengan intensif meskipun untuk tujuan yang berbeda. Kata kunci: Agama minoritas, perubahan material-ekologi, perpindahan agama 


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Krotofil ◽  
Anna Piela ◽  
Katarzyna Górak-Sosnowska ◽  
Beata Abdallah-Krzepkowska

Abstract This article explores the conversion processes of Polish women of Catholic background to Islam. Data from participant observation of mosque-based, women-only weekend gatherings for converts and in-depth interviews with 29 Polish female converts to Islam are presented to illustrate the dialectic between the persistence and transformation of religious habitus. Our analysis demonstrates that in the conversion process, Catholic habitus remains pervasive, and shapes converts’ engagement with the new religion; however, some elements of it become reflexive and change. We make a case for extending the discussion on habitus transformation by drawing attention to what we term a “translation” of religious beliefs and practices. Women in our study translate the system of Islamic practices and beliefs into a specific Catholic logic that is more intelligible to them and, in the process, recognize some of the power dynamics inherent in the religious field.


1984 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-285
Author(s):  
Peter Woodward

In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in international politics in Africa. After the initial post-independence discussion of pan-Africanism the international dimension seemed overshadowed by the concern to account for domestic developments in many new states, and it is this imbalance which is now being redressed. Indeed, it has recently been argued by Robert Jackson and Carl Rosberg that, contrary to the situation elsewhere, Africa's international politics have assumed an order which is sadly lacking in the domestic affairs of many states: ‘At the level of international society, a framework of rules and conventions governing the relations of the states in the region has been bounded and sustained for almost two decades.’ If the contrast between internal anarchy and international order seems somewhat exaggerated, the distinction between domestic and foreign politics appears both conventional and appropriate.


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